Effective treatment of cardiovascular disease: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Several studies have highlighted potential factors that may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. For instance, research 9 suggests that psoriasis could increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. On the other hand, study 1 indicates that multifactorial primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men through a 5-year intervention program could lead to a reduction in long-term mortality rates. Another study 5 suggests a potential link between occupational noise exposure and an elevated risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. These studies underscore the complex interplay of various factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Certain interventions have been shown to potentially lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in some studies. For instance, the study 1 revealed a 46% reduction in coronary heart disease risk in middle-aged men who participated in a 5-year multifactorial intervention program for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research 4 indicates that adhering to a DASH diet-like regimen could potentially decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure.

Risk Summary

Specific factors have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some research. For instance, study 9 suggests that psoriasis could contribute to an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, research 5 indicates that exposure to noise in the workplace might be linked to a higher risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities between Studies

Many studies emphasize identifying risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. These studies highlight that a wide range of factors can influence cardiovascular disease risk. For example, studies 1 , 5 , 3 , 11 , 12 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 7 , and 10 have all indicated a possible association between factors such as age, gender, smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Differences between Studies

Significant differences exist among these studies, including the targeted populations, research designs, measured outcomes, and study sizes. For instance, 1 is a randomized controlled trial focusing on middle-aged men, whereas 5 is an observational study involving individuals from various occupations. Additionally, 3 is a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the efficacy of drug therapy in the primary prevention of hypertension, while 11 is a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the impact of fenugreek seed on blood pressure.

Consistency and Contradictions in the Results

These studies highlight the intricate interplay of various factors in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. However, some research findings contradict each other. For instance, while 9 suggests a potential link between psoriasis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, other studies haven't reached a definitive conclusion regarding this association. This emphasizes the need for further research in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.

Implications for Real-Life Application

The research findings emphasize the importance of adopting healthy lifestyle choices to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease. For example, study 4 suggests a potential reduction in cardiovascular disease risk by adhering to a DASH diet-like regimen. Additionally, 1 indicates the potential effectiveness of multifactorial interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Based on these findings, it is crucial to prioritize healthy lifestyle modifications tailored to individual circumstances.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies each have inherent limitations. For instance, 1 was conducted on middle-aged men, and its applicability to other demographics remains unclear. Moreover, 5 is an observational study, unable to establish causality. Therefore, careful consideration of limitations is crucial when interpreting research findings.

Future Research Directions

Further research in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease is essential. In particular, more studies are needed to investigate factors identified as potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as psoriasis and workplace noise exposure. Research is also necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which these factors might influence cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

Various studies have shed light on potential factors that may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. Incorporating healthy lifestyle modifications based on these findings is crucial for mitigating cardiovascular disease risk. However, further research in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease remains vital. These studies hold promise for developing new approaches to effectively minimize cardiovascular disease risk.

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
3
8
6
8
12
1.

Long-term mortality after 5-year multifactorial primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men.

Author: StrandbergT E, SalomaaV V, NaukkarinenV A, VanhanenH T, SarnaS J, MiettinenT A

Reduced coronary heart disease risk
Increased cardiac mortality

Multifactorial prevention of cardiovascular disease reduced coronary heart disease risk by 46% in the intervention group at the end of the 5-year trial, but the effect was not sustained in the 5 years following the trial. There was an unexpected increase in total mortality in the intervention group, particularly from cardiac causes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Effect of a low dose of sea buckthorn berries on circulating concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and flavonols in healthy adults.

Author: LarmoPetra S, YangBaoru, HurmeSaija A M, AlinJouni A, KallioHeikki P, SalminenEeva K, TahvonenRaija L

Increased flavonol levels
No effect on lipid markers

Consumption of sea buckthorn berry (SBB) significantly increased the plasma concentration of quercetin and isorhamnetin but did not affect circulating concentrations of lipid markers in healthy, normolipidemic adults.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Comparative effectiveness of antihypertensive medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and multiple treatments meta-analysis.

Author: FretheimAtle, Odgaard-JensenJan, BrørsOdd, MadsenSteinar, NjølstadInger, NorheimOle F, SvilaasArne, KristiansenIvar S, ThürmerHanne, FlottorpSigne

Reduced CVD risk

This systematic review compared the effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular disease outcomes in healthy individuals at risk.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular diseases--incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis on observational prospective studies.

Author: Salehi-AbargoueiAmin, MaghsoudiZahra, ShiraniFatemeh, AzadbakhtLeila

Reduced CVD risk

A DASH-like diet can significantly protect against cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Systematic review of the cardiovascular effects of occupational noise.

Author: SkogstadM, JohannessenH A, TynesT, MehlumI S, NordbyK C, LieA

Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension

Occupational noise exposure was associated with increased risk for hypertension and CVD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

Drugs for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Author: KarmaliKunal N, Lloyd-JonesDonald M, BerendsenMark A, GoffDavid C, SanghaviDarshak M, BrownNina C, KorenovskaLiliya, HuffmanMark D

Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

This study calls for a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on the effects of drugs used to achieve ABCS (aspirin, blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and smoking cessation) in the prevention of primary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

Statins and Multiple Noncardiovascular Outcomes: Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: HeYazhou, LiXue, GasevicDanijela, BruntEleanor, McLachlanFiona, MillensonMarisa, TimofeevaMaria, IoannidisJohn P A, CampbellHarry, TheodoratouEvropi

Diabetes risk
Myopathy risk

A review of 278 non-cardiovascular disease outcomes from 112 meta-analyses of observational studies and 144 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials found no convincing evidence of an association between statins and non-CVD outcomes. Observational studies showed suggestive evidence that statins increase the risk for diabetes and myopathy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Cardioprotective effects of influenza vaccination among patients with established cardiovascular disease or at high cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: JaiswalVikash, AngSong Peng, YaqoobSadia, IshakAngela, ChiaJia Ee, NasirYusra Minahil, AnjumZauraiz, AlraiesM Chadi, JaiswalAkash, BiswasMonodeep

Reduced CV mortality
Reduced MACE
Reduced MI
Reduced mortality
None

Influenza vaccination reduces major adverse clinical events (MACEs), all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction in people with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Psoriasis and cardiovascular disease risk in European and East Asian populations: evidence from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Author: ZhangLiming, WangYuxiang, QiuLi, WuJian

Psoriasis and CVD

This review examines the association between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. While a link has been suggested, the results from previous studies are inconsistent.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Air Pollution and the Heart: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis Studies.

Author: DwivediAlok Kumar, VishwakarmaDeepanjali, DubeyPallavi, ReddySireesha Y

Detrimental to CVD

This review provides updated evidence on the effects of different air pollutants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, including mitigation strategies with meta-analytic evidence.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

The Effects of Fenugreek Seed Consumption on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: AminiMohammad Reza, PayandehNastaran, SheikhhosseinFatemeh, PourrezaSanaz, GhalandariHamid, AskarpourMoein, HekmatdoostAzita

Fenugreek
SBP reduction
HTN

Fenugreek seed supplementation, especially at dosages ≥ 15 g/day and durations ≤ 12 weeks, may reduce systolic blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Effects of the Million Hearts Model on Myocardial Infarctions, Strokes, and Medicare Spending: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: BlueLaura, KrankerKeith, MarkovitzAmanda R, PowellRhea E, WilliamsMalcolm V, PuJia, MagidDavid J, McCallNancy, SteinerAllison, StewartKate A, RollisonJulia M, MarkovichPatricia, PetersonG Greg

Cardiovascular disease prevention

The Million Hearts Model, which encouraged and paid for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and reduction, resulted in a reduction of first-time myocardial infarctions and strokes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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