Side Effects of carvedilol: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Carvedilol, a beta-blocker, has been shown to effectively modify the course of heart diseases like heart failure and unstable angina by reducing hemodynamic instability and mortality rates. 13 , 3 . Carvedilol, belonging to the third generation of beta-blockers, demonstrates a reduced incidence of side effects compared to first-generation beta-blockers. 13 . This drug has also been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure in patients undergoing hemodialysis. 7 . While beneficial, carvedilol can cause certain side effects, and the optimal choice of beta-blocker should be tailored to the individual patient's needs. 13 , 3 , 24 , 12 , 2 .

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of carvedilol are primarily attributed to its beta-blocking and alpha-1 receptor blocking actions. Beta-blocking action lowers heart rate and constricts blood vessels, while alpha-1 receptor blocking action dilates blood vessels. These actions can lead to side effects like low blood pressure, slow heart rate, and slowed digestive movement. 22 .

Common Side Effects

Hypotension

Carvedilol can cause low blood pressure due to its vasodilating properties. 3 , 12 . Symptoms may include dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Severe cases can lead to loss of consciousness. 7 , 23 .

Bradycardia

Carvedilol can cause a slow heart rate (bradycardia) as it lowers heart rate. 3 . Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. In severe cases, loss of consciousness can occur. 1 .

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Carvedilol can lead to digestive issues like indigestion, constipation, nausea, and vomiting due to its action on slowing down the digestive system. 3 .

Fatigue

Carvedilol can cause fatigue and tiredness. 3 .

Respiratory Symptoms

Carvedilol can constrict the bronchioles, potentially worsening symptoms in patients with asthma or COPD. 2 .

Liver Dysfunction

Carvedilol can cause liver dysfunction. 17 . Symptoms may include jaundice, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.

Psychiatric and Neurological Symptoms

Carvedilol can cause psychiatric and neurological symptoms. 12 . These symptoms may include insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations, depression, anxiety, and confusion.

Other

Besides these common side effects, carvedilol can cause other side effects. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any concerning symptoms while taking carvedilol. 20 , 10 , 18 , 11 .

Measures for Side Effects

Hypotension

If you are concerned about low blood pressure, talk to your doctor. They may adjust the dose of carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 3 .

Bradycardia

If you are concerned about bradycardia, talk to your doctor. They may adjust the dose of carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 3 .

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

If you are concerned about gastrointestinal symptoms, talk to your doctor. They may adjust the dose of carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 3 .

Fatigue

If you are concerned about fatigue, talk to your doctor. They may adjust the dose of carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 3 .

Respiratory Symptoms

If you are concerned about respiratory symptoms, talk to your doctor. They may stop carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 2 .

Liver Dysfunction

If you are concerned about liver dysfunction, talk to your doctor. They may stop carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 17 .

Psychiatric and Neurological Symptoms

If you are concerned about psychiatric or neurological symptoms, talk to your doctor. They may stop carvedilol or consider other treatment options. 12 .

Comparison between Studies

Similarities in Studies

Multiple studies have confirmed that carvedilol effectively lowers heart rate and blood pressure, reducing strain on the heart. 13 , 3 , 20 , 14 .

Differences in Studies

The results of studies on carvedilol's side effects vary. For instance, 3 reports side effects such as low blood pressure and slow heart rate, while 12 reports psychiatric and neurological side effects. This discrepancy may be attributed to differences in the patient population or research methods used in each study.

Considerations for Real-Life Application

Carvedilol is an effective drug for treating heart conditions such as heart failure and unstable angina, but it carries the risk of side effects. If taking carvedilol, strictly follow your doctor's instructions and consult them immediately if any side effects occur. 3 , 24 , 12 , 2 .

Limitations of Current Research

Research on carvedilol's side effects is not yet comprehensive. More research is needed to fully understand these side effects.

Future Directions for Research

To gain a deeper understanding of carvedilol's side effects, research in the following areas is necessary:

  • Studies to accurately measure the incidence of carvedilol's side effects
  • Research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying carvedilol's side effects
  • Studies to develop methods for preventing carvedilol's side effects

Conclusion

Carvedilol is an effective medication for treating heart conditions such as heart failure and unstable angina, but it carries the risk of side effects. If taking carvedilol, strictly follow your doctor's instructions and consult them immediately if any side effects occur. 13 , 3 , 20 , 14 , 22 . Research on carvedilol's side effects is not yet comprehensive. More research is needed to fully understand these side effects. 3 , 24 , 12 , 2 .

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Blood pressure reduction
Reduced side effects
1
BB choice
Drug adherence
2
Unstable angina treatment
3
Cardioprotective strategies
Cardiovascular research
4
Pharmacotherapy problems
5
Improved HRV
6
Hypertension treatment
7
Ropinirole for RLS
8
Reduce UV-induced damage
Reduce inflammation
Skin cancer prevention
9
PVC reduction
11
Cardiovascular disease treatment
Carvedilol efficacy
12
Reduce mortality
13
Extended survival
14
Heart failure management
Hypertension management
Myocardial infarction management
15
Variceal bleed prevention
16
Liver fibrosis treatment
17
Cardioprotection
Reduced apoptosis
Reduced free radical production
18
Carvedilol bioavailability
Rapid melt tablets
19
Improved cardiac function
20
Easier medication management
Improved carvedilol titration
21
Heart failure treatment
22
Lower blood pressure
Treat heart failure
23
Anxiety improvement
Erythema reduction
Rosacea treatment
25
Chronic heart failure treatment
26
Renoprotective
27
Hypertension treatment
Reduced arrhythmia
Reduced heart rate
28
Risk Keywords
BB side effects
2
Bradycardia
Hypotension
3
Cardiotoxicity
4
Side effects
6
Hypoglycemia
Hypotension
7
Orthostatic hypotension
Prescribing cascade
8
Side effects
11
Abnormal thinking
Aggravated depression
Delirium
Emotional lability
Hallucinations
Impaired concentration
Nervousness
Paroniria
Psychosis
Sleep disorder
Somnolence
Vivid dreams
12
Banding ulcers
16
Hepatocyte changes
17
Unwanted taste
19
Beta-adrenoceptor upregulation
Melatonin reduction
20
Dizziness
Hypotension
Worsening heart failure
22
Side effects
23
Adverse drug reactions
24
Dizziness
Fatigue
Hypotension
26
Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
11
0
0
3
27
1.

Stereoselective effects of (R)- and (S)-carvedilol in humans.

Author: StoschitzkyK, KoshucharovaG, LercherP, MaierR, SakotnikA, KleinW, LiebmannP M, LindnerW

Blood pressure reduction
Reduced side effects

(R)-carvedilol, (S)-carvedilol, and (R,S)-carvedilol were tested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. (S)-carvedilol showed a beta-blockade effect, (R)-carvedilol increased sympathetic tone, and (R,S)-carvedilol decreased heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Contraindications Differ Widely Among Beta Blockers and Ought to be Cited for an Individual Drug, Not for the Entire Class.

Author: KoraćevićGoran, StojanovićMilovan, KostićTomislav, LovićDragan, ZdravkovićMarija, KoraćevićMaja, PavlovićDimitrije, MićićSlađana

BB choice
Drug adherence
BB side effects

Beta-blockers (BBs) are commonly prescribed medications, but their side effects can lead to poor adherence. This paper suggests an improved method of reporting contraindications for BBs by listing specific contraindications for individual BBs rather than the entire class. This approach could potentially improve drug adherence and patient outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Usefulness of carvedilol in unstable angina pectoris.

Author: BrunnerM, FaberT S, GreveB, KeckA, SchnabelP, JeronA, MeinertzT, JustH, ZehenderM

Unstable angina treatment
Bradycardia
Hypotension

Adding oral carvedilol to standardized treatment for unstable angina effectively reduced heart rate, blood pressure, and ischemic burden. However, it requires close monitoring for hypotension and bradycardia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Pharmacotherapy problems in cardiology patients 30 days post discharge from a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: BonettiAline F, BagatimBruna Q, BottacinWallace Entringer, MendesAntonio M, RottaInajara, ReisRenata C, FáveroMaria Luiza D, Fernandez-LlimosFernando, PontaroloRoberto

Pharmacotherapy problems

Pharmacist-led discharge counseling significantly reduced pharmacotherapy problems in cardiology patients in the 30-day postdischarge period, demonstrating its value as an indispensable service.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Comparative dose titration responses to the introduction of bisoprolol or carvedilol in stable chronic systolic heart failure.

Author: HamaadAli, LipGregory Y H, NichollsDeborah, MacFadyenRobert J

Improved HRV
Side effects

Carvedilol and bisoprolol, two beta blockers commonly used for systolic heart failure (LVSD), induced similar reductions in heart rate and blood pressure during initial titration. However, carvedilol showed greater increases in triangular Index (TI), a measure of heart rate variability, suggesting potential advantages for cardiac autonomic function.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Antihypertensive treatment with a vasodilating beta-blocker, carvedilol, in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Author: DeetjenA, HeidlandA, PangerlA, Meyer-SabellekW, SchaeferR M

Hypertension treatment
Hypoglycemia
Hypotension

Carvedilol, an antihypertensive agent, was safe and effective in lowering blood pressure in hemodialysis patients and did not accumulate in the body.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Prevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by the Non-β-blocking R-carvedilol Enantiomer.

Author: LiangSherry, ShamimMd Abdullah, ShahidAyaz, ChenMengbing, ClevelandKristan H, ParsaCyrus, OrlandoRobert, AndresenBradley T, HuangYing

Reduce UV-induced damage
Reduce inflammation
Skin cancer prevention

Carvedilol is a drug that is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It has also been shown to have anticancer effects. This study investigated the anticancer effects of R-carvedilol, one of the two enantiomers of carvedilol, on skin cancer. R-carvedilol was found to be effective in preventing skin cancer in mice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Influence of beta-blockers on melatonin release.

Author: StoschitzkyK, SakotnikA, LercherP, ZweikerR, MaierR, LiebmannP, LindnerW

This study investigated the influence of beta-blockade on melatonin production in humans.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

The Man Who Saw Things on Carvedilol.

Author: AikoyeSalisu A, JafferanyMohammad, OsuagwuVanessa, PlathDianne L

Cardiovascular disease treatment
Carvedilol efficacy
Abnormal thinking
Aggravated depression
Delirium
Emotional lability
Hallucinations
Impaired concentration
Nervousness
Paroniria
Psychosis
Sleep disorder
Somnolence
Vivid dreams

Carvedilol, a non-selective vasodilating beta blocker, is widely used in treating cardiovascular diseases. While its side effects are vast, hallucinations have rarely been reported.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

[Beta blockers and cardiac decompensation].

Author: PudduG M, CraveroE, PudduP

Reduce mortality

Beta blockers have been demonstrated to modify the course of chronic heart failure by reducing hemodynamic instability and mortality. Third generation beta blockers, such as carvedilol, nebivolol, and bucindolol, have shown to possess some peculiar characteristics, in particular the ability of reducing the number of side effects which may be seen while using beta blockers of the first generations.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

14.

Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial.

Author: Poole-WilsonPhilip A, SwedbergKarl, ClelandJohn G F, Di LenardaAndrea, HanrathPeter, KomajdaMichel, LubsenJacobus, LutigerBeatrix, MetraMarco, RemmeWillem J, Torp-PedersenChristian, ScherhagArmin, SkeneAllan,

Extended survival

Carvedilol is more effective than metoprolol in extending survival for patients with chronic heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and optimal background treatment with diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Practical considerations for switching beta-blockers in heart failure patients.

Author: AbrahamWilliam T, IyengarSrinivas

Heart failure management
Hypertension management
Myocardial infarction management

Beta-blockers are a group of medications that are commonly used to treat heart failure. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker with additional vasodilatory properties, which can be advantageous for some patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Randomized controlled trial of carvedilol versus variceal band ligation for the prevention of the first variceal bleed.

Author: TripathiDhiraj, FergusonJames W, KocharNarendra, LeitheadJoanna A, TherapondosGeorge, McAvoyNorma C, StanleyAdrian J, ForrestEwan H, HislopWilliam S, MillsPeter R, HayesPeter C

Variceal bleed prevention
Banding ulcers

Carvedilol, a beta-blocker, was more effective than variceal band ligation (VBL) in preventing the first variceal bleed in patients with cirrhosis. Carvedilol reduced bleeding rates by 10% compared to 23% in the VBL group. There were no significant differences in mortality between the two groups.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Protective Effect of Curcumin against Doxazosin- and Carvedilol-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells.

Author: Medina-PizañoMariana Yazmin, Medina-RosalesMarina Nayeli, Martínez-HernándezSandra Luz, Aldaba-MuruatoLiseth Rubi, Macías-PérezJosé Roberto, Sánchez-AlemánEsperanza, Ventura-JuárezJavier, Muñoz-OrtegaMartin Humberto

Liver fibrosis treatment
Hepatocyte changes

Curcumin was found to protect HepG2 cells from the cytotoxic effects of doxazosin and carvedilol, two drugs with antifibrotic activity. Curcumin also positively regulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD1 mRNAs, suggesting a potential protective role against oxidative stress.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Carvedilol prevents doxorubicin-induced free radical release and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in vitro.

Author: SpallarossaPaolo, GaribaldiSilvano, AltieriPaola, FabbiPatrizia, MancaValeria, NastiSabina, RossettinPierfranco, GhigliottiGiorgio, BallestreroAlberto, PatroneFranco, BarsottiAntonio, BrunelliClaudio

Cardioprotection
Reduced apoptosis
Reduced free radical production

Doxorubicin is a chemotherapy drug that can damage the heart. This study found that carvedilol, a drug that blocks the effects of adrenaline and also has antioxidant properties, protects heart cells from damage caused by doxorubicin. Atenolol, a beta-blocker without antioxidant properties, did not offer protection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Differing beta-blocking effects of carvedilol and metoprolol.

Author: StoschitzkyK, KoshucharovaG, ZweikerR, MaierR, WatzingerN, FruhwaldF M, KleinW

Improved cardiac function
Beta-adrenoceptor upregulation
Melatonin reduction

Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-blocker, differs from metoprolol in its lack of beta-adrenoceptor up-regulation and nocturnal melatonin suppression. This unique profile may offer additional benefits in managing heart failure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Rapid titration of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure: a randomized trial of automated telemedicine versus frequent outpatient clinic visits.

Author: SpaederJeffrey, NajjarSamer S, GerstenblithGary, HefterGail, KernLinda, PalmerJames G, GottliebSheldon H, KasperEdward K

Easier medication management
Improved carvedilol titration

Carvedilol, a beta-blocker, is often under-dosed in outpatients with congestive heart failure due to side effects and titration difficulties. This study investigated the potential of an automated telemedicine system, TeleWatch, to facilitate carvedilol titration in outpatients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

[New and old beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure].

Author: MetraMarco, NodariSavina, BignottiTommaso, GnesinPaolo, TrussardiElena, CasLivio Dei

Heart failure treatment
Dizziness
Hypotension
Worsening heart failure

This study examines the long-term effects of beta-blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. While all beta-blockers have shown beneficial effects, carvedilol, which blocks all beta and alpha-adrenergic receptors, may have different hemodynamic effects and side effects compared to selective beta-blockers, potentially influencing long-term outcomes.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

24.

Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized cardiac patients: characteristics and risk factors.

Author: MugosaSnezana, BukumirićZoran, KovacevićAleksandra, BoskovićAneta, ProtićDragana, TodorovićZoran

Adverse drug reactions

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were experienced by 34% of hospitalized cardiac patients. The most common ADRs involved the nervous system, followed by cardiovascular and immune system disorders. Significant predictors for ADRs included age, comorbidities, the number of medications used during hospitalization, and gender.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Carvedilol ameliorates persistent erythema of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea by regulating the status of anxiety/depression.

Author: LiJian, TangJin-Yi, FuJian, ZhangMing-Wang, WanMei, ChenDe-Wei, ChenQi-Quan, LiXue, SongGuo-Jing, NiRong-Rong, SongZhi-Qiang

Anxiety improvement
Erythema reduction
Rosacea treatment

This study investigated the efficacy of carvedilol in patients with rosacea with persistent erythema and flushing. Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that causes facial redness, flushing, and bumps. The researchers found that carvedilol was more effective than topical brimonidine in reducing erythema and flushing. They also found that carvedilol improved anxiety and depression symptoms in patients.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

Treatment of chronic heart failure with carvedilol in daily practice: the SATELLITE survey experience.

Author: LainscakMitja, MoulletChristine, SchönNorbert, TenderaMichal

Chronic heart failure treatment
Dizziness
Fatigue
Hypotension

Initiation and up-titration of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were feasible and safe in daily practice, with efficacy and tolerability comparable to clinical trial results. Carvedilol significantly improved patient well-being, despite suboptimal dosing in many cases. Physicians should strive to prescribe optimal doses of beta-blockers to patients with CHF.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of losartan and carvedilol on albuminuria in renal transplant recipients.

Author: TylickiLeszek, BiedunkiewiczBogdan, ChamieniaAndrzej, WojnarowskiKlaudiusz, ZdrojewskiZbigniew, RutkowskiBoleslaw

Renoprotective

Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, was found to reduce albuminuria in patients after kidney transplantation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

[Balanced beta--alpha-blocker treatment with carvedilol in mild-moderate arterial hypertension].

Author: PerocchioM, GigliG, BarraM, SacchettiR, VallebonaA, RosolenG A, OrlandiS

Hypertension treatment
Reduced arrhythmia
Reduced heart rate

Carvedilol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilatory properties, was found to be well tolerated and effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Italian

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