Effects of cevimeline: A Synthesis of Findings from 18 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Cevimeline is a muscarinic agonist that promotes saliva secretion and is used to treat Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disorder in which the exocrine glands that produce saliva are destroyed. 5 Cevimeline is thought to affect the composition of saliva in part by regulating the localization of aquaporins (AQPs). 5 AQP-5 was found in the apical and lateral membranes of acinar cells in the parotid and submandibular glands of cevimeline-treated SS mice and untreated normal mice. 5 Saliva secretion and AQP-5 localization were sustained in SS mice who were chronically administered Cevimeline and at four weeks after discontinuation. 5 Unlike AQP-5, the localization of AQP-1, 3, 4 and 8 were not affected by Cevimeline administration. 5 The findings demonstrated that administration of Cevimeline maintains the proper localization of AQP-5 in the acinar cells of the salivary gland, which may promote salivation in chronically treated SS mice. 5 Clinically, this suggests that chronic Cevimeline administration may be useful therapeutically for SS patients suffering from a decrease in saliva secretion by improving the disordered AQP-5 localization. 5 In addition, cevimeline is beneficial in the treatment of symptoms of xerostomia and xerophthalmia associated with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). 2 Cevimeline enhanced the excitability of rat superior salivatory neurons, suggesting it affects the central nervous system. 17

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Cevimeline promotes saliva secretion, which helps alleviate symptoms of xerostomia in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and other conditions. 5 6 Cevimeline can also prevent radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. 7 18 Cevimeline has been shown to improve health-related quality of life and oral health status in patients with SS. 2

Risk Summary

Cevimeline can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, and headaches. 2 Cevimeline may also be dangerous for individuals with preexisting conditions such as heart disease or asthma. 2 It is crucial to consult with a physician before taking cevimeline.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities among Studies

Many studies have shown cevimeline to be effective in treating xerostomia. 5 2 7 Cevimeline promotes saliva secretion by regulating the localization of AQP-5, a water channel in salivary gland cells. 5 18 4

Differences among Studies

The effectiveness of cevimeline can vary between individuals. 2 Cevimeline can also cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, and headaches. 2 Consult with a doctor before taking cevimeline.

Consistency and Contradictions in the Findings

The majority of research indicates that cevimeline is effective in treating xerostomia, but it's crucial to be aware of potential side effects and consult a physician before using cevimeline. 5 2 7

Cautions Regarding Real-World Application

Cevimeline is a potentially beneficial medication for xerostomia, but it's essential to consult a doctor before taking it due to the possibility of side effects and interactions with other medications. 5 2 7

Limitations of Current Research

More research is needed on the long-term effects of cevimeline and its potential interactions with other medications. 2 5 It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for guidance before using cevimeline.

Future Research Directions

Further research on the long-term effects of cevimeline and its potential interactions with other medications is crucial. 2 5 Additionally, investigations into cevimeline's impact on different patient groups and its efficacy in treating other conditions beyond xerostomia are warranted. 2 5

Conclusion

Cevimeline is a potential treatment option for xerostomia and other conditions, but it's important to consult a healthcare professional before taking it. 5 2 7 More research is needed to fully understand cevimeline's long-term effects and potential interactions with other medications. 2 5

Literature analysis of 18 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
3
0
0
7
18
1.

The use of cefaclor in the treatment of beta-haemolytic streptococcal throat infections in children.

Author: DisneyF A, BreeseB B, FrancisA B, GreenJ L, TalpeyW B

Streptococcal throat infection treatment
Minimal side effects

Cefaclor is an effective treatment for beta-haemolytic streptococcal throat infections in children.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Identification of AQP5 in lipid rafts and its translocation to apical membranes by activation of M3 mAChRs in interlobular ducts of rat parotid gland.

Author: IshikawaYasuko, YuanZhenfang, InoueNoriko, SkowronskiMariusz T, NakaeYoshiko, ShonoMasayuki, ChoGota, YasuiMasato, AgrePeter, NielsenSøren

Fluid secretion

This study investigates the role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in fluid secretion and its regulation by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The study found that mAChR activation induces AQP5 trafficking from intracellular vesicles to the apical plasma membrane (APM) in rat parotid glands, facilitating fluid secretion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Management of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.

Author: RamSaravanan, KumarSatish, NavazeshMahvash

Xerostomia management
Increased candidiasis
Increased caries
Increased periodontitis

Oral health care providers need to be aware of the etiologies and clinical manifestations of salivary gland hypofunction to identify patients and prevent complications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Cevimeline for the treatment of postirradiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer.

Author: ChambersMark S, PosnerMarshall, JonesChristopher Uwe, BielMerrill A, HodgeKenneth M, VittiRobert, ArmstrongIngrid, YenCindy, WeberRandal S

Xerostomia treatment
Increased sweating

Cevimeline was well tolerated and increased unstimulated salivary flow in patients with xerostomia after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. In two double-blind trials, cevimeline significantly improved the global evaluation of oral dryness and increased unstimulated salivary flow compared to placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Reduction in distractibility with AF102B and THA in the macaque.

Author: O'NeillJoseph, SiembiedaDouglas W, CrawfordK Casey, HalgrenEric, FisherAbraham, FittenL Jaime

Reduced distractibility

Cholinomimetics, such as the m-1 muscarinic agonist civemeline and the cholinesterase inhibitor tacrine, may reduce distractibility in primates. Both drugs significantly increased accuracy and decreased reaction time in a visuospatial attention task in bonnet macaque monkeys.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

9.

Salivary hypofunction: An update on therapeutic strategies.

Author: SalumFernanda G, Medella-JuniorFrancisco de Assis Carvalho, FigueiredoMaria A Zancanaro, CherubiniKaren

Increased salivary flow
Dental caries
Erosion

Pilocarpine and cevimeline are the most effective treatments for salivary hypofunction. Citric and malic acids can increase salivary flow, but also increase the risk of erosion and dental caries.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

M1 muscarinic agonists target major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease--an update.

Author: FisherAbraham

Abeta pathology reduction
Alzheimer's disease treatment
Cognitive improvement
Tau pathology reduction

M1 muscarinic receptor (M1 mAChR) agonists, particularly AF267B, show promise as potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments. They have been shown to improve cognitive function, decrease Abeta levels, and reduce tau pathology in animal models.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Salivary enhancement therapies.

Author: FoxPhilip C

Salivary function enhancement

This study explores the challenges and future directions in enhancing salivary function to prevent dental caries. While masticatory and gustatory stimulation remain effective, the search for improved secretagogues with fewer side effects and greater potency continues. Future research may focus on gene therapy, artificial salivary glands, and salivary transplantation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

The therapy of Sjogren's syndrome: a review.

Author: CoaccioliS, GiulianiM, PuxedduA

Sjogren's syndrome treatment

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the exocrine glands and other organs. The current treatment for SS is insufficient and focuses on managing exocrinopathy and systemic manifestations. Future research is needed to develop specific inhibitors of B-cell function, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: new potential therapeutic targets in antinociception and in cancer therapy.

Author: TataAda Maria

Cancer treatment
Pain relief

Muscarinic receptors are a type of receptor that is activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This article discusses the potential implications of muscarinic receptors in cancer and pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

New pharmacological approaches to the cholinergic system: an overview on muscarinic receptor ligands and cholinesterase inhibitors.

Author: GreigNigel H, RealeMarcella, TataAda M

Alzheimer's disease treatment
Analgesic effect
Cholinergic system modulation
Sjogren's disease treatment
Tumor progression arrest

This review discusses the cholinergic system and its modulation by pharmacological drugs. It focuses on recent developments in muscarinic receptor ligands and cholinesterase inhibitors, highlighting their potential in treating nervous system diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, and cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Xerostomia: an immunotherapy-related adverse effect in cancer patients.

Author: BustillosHannah, IndorfAmy, AlwanLaura, ThompsonJohn, JungLindsey

Dry mouth

Xerostomia, a common but often overlooked side effect of immunotherapy (IO), can significantly impact patients' quality of life. This case series explores the onset, severity, clinical course, and management of IO-induced xerostomia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Targeting the Iron-Response Elements of the mRNAs for the Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein and Ferritin to Treat Acute Lead and Manganese Neurotoxicity.

Author: RogersJack T, XiaNing, WongAngela, BakshiRachit, CahillCatherine M

Neuroprotection
Reduced amyloid formation

APP translation inhibitors may be useful for treating Alzheimer's disease, while activators may be used to protect neurons against lead and manganese toxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Cevimeline enhances the excitability of rat superior salivatory neurons.

Author: UedaHirotaka, MitohYoshihiro, IchikawaHiroyuki, KobashiMotoi, YamashiroTakashi, MatsuoRyuji

Salivation enhancement
Xerostomia treatment

Cevimeline is a drug that stimulates salivary glands and may have effects on the central nervous system. This study found that cevimeline increases the excitability of superior salivatory neurons, which control submandibular salivation, by activating both pre- and postsynaptic muscarinic receptors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Effect of cevimeline on radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction and AQP5 in submandibular gland in mice.

Author: TakakuraKatsuhiro, TakakiSachiko, TakedaIenaka, HanaueNobuyuki, KizuYasuhiro, TonogiMorio, YamaneGen-yuki

Prevent xerostomia

Pretreatment with cevimeline, a muscarinic receptor agonist, prevented radiation-induced xerostomia and reduced AQP5 expression in the submandibular gland in mice.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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