Side Effects of cyproheptadine: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Cyproheptadine is a first-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic symptoms. . Cyproheptadine has also been used to treat loss of appetite, and there is increasing medical interest in its use for this purpose, especially in children. 4 . Cyproheptadine’s main mechanism of action is serotonin receptor antagonism, which may affect appetite, sleep, mood, and cognitive function. 8 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Cyproheptadine’s side effects are due to its pharmacological action, which is serotonin receptor antagonism. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various bodily functions, including appetite, sleep, mood, and cognitive function. By binding to serotonin receptors, cyproheptadine can affect these bodily functions and cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

Drowsiness

Drowsiness is the most common side effect of cyproheptadine. 4 , 15 . This is because cyproheptadine acts on serotonin receptors in the brain, which promotes sleep.

Increased Appetite

Cyproheptadine can cause an increase in appetite. 4 . This is because cyproheptadine acts on serotonin receptors in the brain, which stimulates appetite.

Weight Gain

Cyproheptadine can cause weight gain. 14 . This is because cyproheptadine can cause increased appetite.

Liver Side Effects

Cyproheptadine can rarely cause liver side effects. 4 . Liver side effects include elevated liver function tests, jaundice, and hepatitis.

Neurological Side Effects

Cyproheptadine can cause neurological side effects. 4 . Neurological side effects include dizziness, headache, tremors, unsteady gait, and confusion.

Other

Other side effects of cyproheptadine include constipation, dry mouth, vision problems, increased heart rate, and rash. 3 .

Side Effects Management

Drowsiness

To reduce drowsiness, cyproheptadine is typically taken at bedtime. 15 . If drowsiness is severe, you should talk to your doctor about reducing the dosage or changing medications.

Increased Appetite

If increased appetite becomes a problem, talk to your doctor about reducing the dosage or changing medications.

Weight Gain

If weight gain becomes a problem, talk to your doctor about reducing the dosage or changing medications. You may also need to consider diet and exercise.

Liver Side Effects

If you suspect liver side effects, contact your doctor immediately.

Neurological Side Effects

If you suspect neurological side effects, contact your doctor immediately.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies have reported that cyproheptadine can cause side effects such as drowsiness, increased appetite, and weight gain.

Differences Between Studies

The frequency and severity of certain side effects caused by cyproheptadine may vary depending on the study. For example, 14 reported that cyproheptadine is likely to cause weight gain, while 16 reported a lower frequency of weight gain caused by cyproheptadine.

Things to Keep in Mind When Applying This to Real Life

Because cyproheptadine can cause drowsiness, you should avoid driving or operating machinery if you are taking it. You should also avoid combining cyproheptadine with alcohol, as this can increase drowsiness.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still not enough research on the side effects of cyproheptadine. In particular, research on long-term side effects is lacking.

Future Research Directions

Research on the long-term side effects of cyproheptadine is needed. It is also necessary to develop new treatments to reduce the side effects of cyproheptadine.

Conclusion

Cyproheptadine is an effective medication for treating allergic symptoms and loss of appetite, but it can cause side effects such as drowsiness, increased appetite, and weight gain. If you are taking cyproheptadine, you should follow your doctor’s instructions and be aware of the potential side effects. If you are concerned about side effects, talk to your doctor.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
4
Article Type
2
1
1
6
19
1.

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine versus etretinate in psoriasis: improvement of skin, nail, and joint involvement.

Author: MahrleG, SchulzeH J, FärberL, WeidingerG, SteiglederG K

Nail and joint improvement
Psoriasis treatment
Cyclosporine side effects
Relapse risk

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine therapy was highly effective and well tolerated for psoriasis, compared to etretinate. Remission was better preserved by tapering the drug than by discontinuing treatment abruptly.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

A retrospective review of cyproheptadine for feeding intolerance in children less than three years of age: effects and side effects.

Author: MerharStephanie L, PentiukScott P, MukkadaVincent A, Meinzen-DerrJareen, KaulAjay, ButlerDawn R

Feeding intolerance treatment
Vomiting treatment

Cyproheptadine, a medication with antihistaminergic, antiserotonergic, and anticholinergic effects, is used to treat feeding intolerance and/or vomiting in children under 3 years of age.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

[Toxicity of cyproheptadine. Side effects and accidental overdosage (author's transl)].

Author: von MühlendahlK E, KrienkeE G

Treats appetite issues
Side effects
Use with caution

Cyproheptadine ingestion by children was found to result in various side effects including somnolence, excitation, hallucinations, ataxia, and tachycardia, though these were typically mild and transient. The medication should only be prescribed after careful consideration due to its potential side effects.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

5.

EGD for Refractory Toxidromes: Is It Time to Add to the Algorithm?

Author: AllenKelsey, KaneIan, ConnorsNicholas, TecklenburgFrederick, MarvinWhitney

Endoscopic removal
Serotonin toxicity

This case report describes an adolescent with refractory serotonin toxicity following a toxic ingestion of escitalopram and clonidine. The patient's symptoms resolved after endoscopic removal of medication remnants, highlighting the potential benefits of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) as a decontamination modality for severe toxicities.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: Role of Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2a</sub> Receptor Antagonists.

Author: PoyurovskyMichael, WeizmanAbraham

Akathisia treatment
Side effects

Low-dose mirtazapine shows promising therapeutic efficacy in treating antipsychotic-induced akathisia, a common and distressing side effect of antipsychotic medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

5-Hydroxytryptophan: A precursor of serotonin influences regional blood-brain barrier breakdown, cerebral blood flow, brain edema formation, and neuropathology.

Author: SharmaAruna, CastellaniRudy J, SmithMark A, MuresanuDafin Fior, DeyPrasanta Kumar, SharmaHari Shanker

Behavioral disturbances
Mental abnormalities

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) can cause neurotoxicity by affecting the blood-brain barrier, edema formation, and regional cerebral blood flow.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Polypharmacological in Silico Bioactivity Profiling and Experimental Validation Uncovers Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of Approved and Experimental Drugs in Rat.

Author: DrakakisGeorgios, WaffordKeith A, BrewertonSuzanne C, BodkinMichael J, EvansDavid A, BenderAndreas

Sleep promotion

This study describes a computational ('in silico') mode-of-action analysis of CNS-active drugs that takes into account multiple simultaneous hypotheses and sets of protein targets. The study successfully validated its predictions in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach for identifying novel CNS drug candidates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Serotonin Syndrome Induced by Combined Use of Mirtazapine and Olanzapine Complicated with Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Renal Failure, and Acute Pulmonary Edema-A Case Report.

Author: WuChi-Shun, TongShow-Hwa, OngCheung-Ter, SungSheng-Feng

Acute pulmonary edema
Acute renal failure
Rhabdomyolysis
Serotonin syndrome

Mirtazapine can induce serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening complication.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Mild serotonin syndrome: A report of 12 cases.

Author: PrakashSanjay, PatelVarsha, KakkedSiddharth, PatelIndravadan, YadavRahul

Serotonin syndrome treatment

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is an underreported condition, and mild SS can be easily overlooked. Cyproheptadine was effective in treating mild SS in patients who did not respond to removal of the offending serotonergic agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Pharmacological appetite stimulation: rational choices in the inappetent cat.

Author: AgnewWendy, KormanRachel

Appetite stimulation
Side effects

Inappetence in cats can be a challenging problem to manage. While no medications are specifically approved for feline anorexia, cyproheptadine and mirtazapine have proven effective in clinical settings. It is crucial to diagnose and treat the underlying disease and provide nutritional support to prevent hepatic lipidosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis.

Author: ChinuckRuth, DewarJane, BaldwinDavid R, HendronElizabeth

Increased appetite
Increased weight
Adverse effects
Chronic loss of appetite
Cystic fibrosis

A systematic review evaluated the evidence on the beneficial effects of appetite stimulants in managing cystic fibrosis-related anorexia. The review found that appetite stimulants improved weight and appetite in the short term, but side effects were insufficiently reported. More research is needed to determine the optimal use of these medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Safety and efficacy of cyproheptadine for treating dyspeptic symptoms in children.

Author: RodriguezLeonel, DiazJuan, NurkoSamuel

Dyspepsia treatment
Irritability
Somnolence
Weight gain

Cyproheptadine was safe and effective in treating dyspeptic symptoms in children, particularly in young children and those with early vomiting and retching after fundoplication.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

17.

Potential benefits of cyproheptadine in HIV-positive patients under treatment with antiretroviral drugs including efavirenz.

Author: DabaghzadehFatemeh, KhaliliHossein, GhaeliPadideh, Dashti-KhavidakiSimin

Efavirenz therapy
Efavirenz discontinuation
Neuropsychiatric adverse reactions

Efavirenz is a medication used to treat HIV infection. More than 50% of HIV-positive patients experience neuropsychiatric side effects, such as dizziness, headache, and sleep disturbances. This study reviewed the most common neuropsychiatric side effects of efavirenz.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Treating pediatric migraine: an expert opinion.

Author: O'BrienHope L, KabboucheMarielle A, HersheyAndrew D

Migraine Treatment

This review discussed the treatment options for acute migraine in children and adolescents. Migraine affects almost 8% of this population, and the diagnosis is expected to increase as the ICHD-II criteria are revised to include additional characteristics of pediatric migraine. Patients and families should be educated about both pharmacologic and conservative behavioral techniques in managing headaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

A fatality due to cyproheptadine and citalopram.

Author: HargroveVeronica, MolinaD Kimberley

Allergic symptom treatment
Overdose toxicity

Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine, was involved in a fatal suicide case, highlighting its potential for overdose and toxicity.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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