Effects of d4t: A Synthesis of Findings from 30 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Stavudine (d4T) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been used to treat HIV infection. However, d4T has been associated with side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, and its use has declined in recent years. These articles explore the effects and risks of d4T from various perspectives.

For instance, 22 investigated the impact of d4T-containing antiretroviral therapy on people with HIV-related polyneuropathy. The study found that d4T-containing antiretroviral therapy was beneficial in improving health-related quality of life.

12 examined the effects of switching from d4T to raltegravir on HIV-infected patients with HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome. The study showed that switching from d4T to raltegravir led to improvements in lipodystrophy and mitochondrial function in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

On the other hand, 21 indicated that d4T was linked to the development of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. The study also revealed that Cav2.X channels, ion channels associated with neuropathy, played a crucial role.

Therefore, d4T is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, but it can also cause various side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, lipodystrophy, and neuropathy.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

d4T is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, suppressing viral load and improving immune function. Furthermore, 22 found improvements in health-related quality of life in individuals with HIV-related polyneuropathy. d4T remains a vital treatment in resource-limited settings due to its low cost.

Risk Summary

d4T can cause various side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, lipodystrophy, and neuropathy. Mitochondrial toxicity can lead to lactic acidosis, liver dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy. Lipodystrophy can cause various physical changes such as fat loss in the face and limbs and fat accumulation in the abdomen. Neuropathy can cause numbness and pain in the hands and feet. These side effects may become more pronounced with long-term d4T use. Additionally, 14 found that d4T could cause anemia.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

These studies share a common focus on investigating the efficacy and side effects of d4T. They collectively suggest that d4T-containing antiretroviral therapy can have various impacts on the health of HIV-infected patients. These studies emphasize the importance of considering both the efficacy and side effects of d4T when administering it.

Differences

These studies vary in their target patient populations and research methods. For instance, 22 focused on individuals with HIV-related polyneuropathy, while 12 targeted patients with lipodystrophy syndrome. Additionally, the research methods employed were diverse, including RCTs and observational studies. Therefore, it is crucial to consider these differences when comprehensively interpreting the findings of each study.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

The findings of these studies exhibit both consistency and contradictions regarding the efficacy and side effects of d4T. While d4T is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, suppressing viral load and improving immune function, it can also cause various side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, lipodystrophy, and neuropathy. These side effects may become more prominent with long-term d4T use. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the efficacy and side effects of d4T when administering it.

Considerations for Real-Life Application

The findings of these studies underscore the importance of considering the efficacy and side effects of d4T when administering it. In particular, d4T can cause side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity and neuropathy, which may become more pronounced with long-term use. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor for side effects through regular testing and observe patients carefully. Furthermore, adhere to the physician's instructions and maintain the prescribed dosage of d4T. Self-adjusting dosages or discontinuing medication without consulting a physician can worsen health conditions. If you have any concerns or questions about d4T use, consult a physician.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies are subject to limitations due to variations in target patient populations and research methods, making it challenging to generalize the findings. Additionally, these studies may lack sufficient information about the diverse side effects that d4T can induce. Therefore, further research is necessary to thoroughly evaluate the safety and efficacy of d4T.

Future Research Directions

Future research should delve deeper into the long-term effects and side effects of d4T. It is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms behind side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity and neuropathy and develop preventative measures and treatments. Research should also explore the combined effects of d4T with other antiretroviral therapies and the impact of discontinuing d4T.

Conclusion

These articles demonstrate that stavudine (d4T) is an effective drug for treating HIV infection while simultaneously presenting risks of various side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, lipodystrophy, and neuropathy. When administering d4T, carefully consider these efficacy and risk factors and choose appropriate treatment options for each patient.

If you have any questions or concerns about d4T-containing antiretroviral therapy, consult a physician or pharmacist.

Literature analysis of 30 papers
Positive Content
6
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
5
Article Type
4
0
0
1
30
1.

Distal leg epidermal nerve fiber density as a surrogate marker of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy risk: risk factors and change following initial antiretroviral therapy.

Author: ShikumaCecilia M, BennettKara, AnanworanichJintanat, GerschensonMariana, TeeratakulpisarnNipat, JadwattanakulTanate, DeGruttolaVictor, McArthurJustin C, EbenezerGigi, ChomcheyNitiya, PraihirunkitPairoa, HongchookiatPiranun, MathajittiphunPornpen, NakamotoBeau, HauerPeter, PhanuphakPraphan, PhanuphakNittaya,

This abstract examines the impact of initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) on epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD) in HIV-infected individuals. The study found that while there were individual variations in ENFD change over time, the changes were not consistently linked to the type of nucleoside medication used or the development of neuropathy. The findings suggest that ENFD may not be a reliable predictor of neuropathy risk in all HIV-infected populations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

The Nucleoside Analog BMS-986001 Shows Greater In Vitro Activity against HIV-2 than against HIV-1.

Author: SmithRobert A, RaugiDana N, WuVincent H, LeongSally S, ParkerKate M, OakesMariah K, SowPapa Salif, BaSelly, SeydiMoussa, GottliebGeoffrey S,

BMS-986001, an investigational nucleoside analog, showed potent activity against HIV-2 replication in vitro, exhibiting greater efficacy against HIV-2 than HIV-1.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Stavudine Reduces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulates Amyloid-β Autophagy.

Author: La RosaFrancesca, SaresellaMarina, MarventanoIvana, PianconeFederica, RipamontiEnrico, Al-DaghriNasser, BazziniChiara, ZoiaChiara Paola, ContiElisa, FerrareseCarlo, ClericiMario

Reduced inflammation
Stimulated autophagy

Stavudine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammation and stimulated Aβ autophagy by macrophages in an in vitro model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Polymorphisms and Mutational Covariation Associated with Death in a Prospective Cohort of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Long-Term ART in China.

Author: LiuPengtao, FengYi, WuJianjun, TianSuian, SuBin, WangZhe, LiaoLingjie, XingHui, YouYinghui, ShaoYiming, RuanYuhua

Drug resistance
HIV/AIDS treatment

This study investigated the relationship between HIV drug resistance and mortality among HIV/AIDS patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China. The study found that 20 polymorphisms were strongly associated with AIDS related deaths, including 7 known drug resistance mutations, 7 potential drug resistance mutations, and 6 newly found mutations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

6.

Estimation of intracellular concentration of stavudine triphosphate in HIV-infected children given a reduced dose of 0.5 milligrams per kilogram twice daily.

Author: SySherwin K B, InnesSteve, DerendorfHartmut, CottonMark F, RosenkranzBernd

A population pharmacokinetic model suggests that halving the standard pediatric stavudine dose (0.5 mg/kg BID) may maintain antiviral efficacy while significantly reducing mitochondrial toxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

A Direct Comparison of the Effects of the Antiretroviral Drugs Stavudine, Tenofovir and the Combination Lopinavir/Ritonavir on Bone Metabolism in a Rat Model.

Author: ConradieM M, van de VyverM, AndragE, ConradieM, FerrisW F

Bone loss
Bone marrow adiposity
Metabolic complications

This study compared the effects of Stavudine, Tenofovir, and Lopinavir/ritonavir on bone metabolism and lipodystrophy in rats. Stavudine was found to decrease bone mineral density and strength, while Tenofovir and Lopinavir/ritonavir had less impact. Both Stavudine and Tenofovir caused bone marrow adiposity.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles to detect early lipodystrophy in antiretroviral therapy experienced HIV-infected children in the CHAPAS-3 trial.

Author: MusiimeVictor, CookAdrian, KayiwaJoshua, ZangataDorothy, NansubugaCarol, ArachBeatrice, KennyJulia, WavamunnoPriscilla, KomunyenaJustine, KabambaDesiree, AsiimweAlice R, MirembeGrace, AbongomeraGeorge, MulengaVeronica, KekitiinwaAdeodata, KityoCissy, WalkerSarah A, KleinNigel, GibbDiana M,

Lipodystrophy

In children receiving d4T-containing regimens, lower skin-fold thickness and higher total cholesterol and LDL values were observed compared to ART-naive children and HIV-uninfected controls.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Induce Pathological Pain through Wnt5a-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Aging Mice.

Author: YuanSubo, ShiYuqiang, GuoKaiwen, TangShao-Jun

Chronic pain
Neuroinflammation

This study found that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) used in HIV treatment can induce chronic pain in aging patients by activating the Wnt5a signaling pathway, which leads to neuroinflammation in the spinal cord.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

12.

Effects of switching from stavudine to raltegravir on subcutaneous adipose tissue in HIV-infected patients with HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). A clinical and molecular study.

Author: DomingoPere, GutierrezMaría del Mar, Gallego-EscuredoJosé Miguel, TorresFerran, MateoGracia María, VillarroyaJoan, de los SantosIgnacio, DomingoJoan Carles, VillarroyaFrancesc, Del RioLuis, EstradaVicente, GiraltMarta

HALS treatment
RAL efficacy
Mitochondrial dysfunction

This study assessed the effects of switching from stavudine (d4T) to raltegravir (RAL) on metabolic and fat molecular parameters in patients with HIV-1/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). Switching to RAL was associated with an increase in limb fat mass and improvement in markers of adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Higher rates of metabolic syndrome among women taking zidovudine as compared to tenofovir in rural Africa: preliminary data from the CART-1 study.

Author: LabhardtNiklaus Daniel, CheleboiMolisana, FaturyieleOlatunbosun, MotlatsiMokete M, PfeifferKarolin, LejoneThabo Ismael, CeruttiBernard, MuserJürgen, GuptaRavi Shankar, LynenLutgarde, HatzChristoph

HIV treatment
Metabolic syndrome

Stavudine, an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV infection, has been largely replaced by zidovudine and tenofovir due to its side effects. This study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults taking either zidovudine or tenofovir-containing antiretroviral regimens.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

An antiretroviral regimen containing 6 months of stavudine followed by long-term zidovudine for first-line HIV therapy is optimal in resource-limited settings: a prospective, multicenter study in China.

Author: LiTaisheng, GuoFuping, LiYijia, ZhangChengda, HanYang, LyeWei, HeYun, LuHongzhou, XieJing, HuangAiqiong, LiYanling, TangXiaoping, WangHui, ZhangTong, GaoGuiju, LeiJunkang, ZhangXiaoying, WuXinhua, SunYongtao, BaiJinsong, LuoLing, WangHuanling

This study investigates the efficacy and safety of an AZT-substitution regimen for HIV therapy, aiming for a regimen with better effectiveness, fewer adverse effects, and greater affordability in resource-limited settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Burden of metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients in Southern Ethiopia.

Author: TesfayeDemo Yemane, KindeSamuel, MedhinGirmay, MegerssaYoseph Cherinet, TadewosAgete, TadesseEndale, ShimelisTechalew

This study examines the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Ethiopian HIV patients, comparing those on HAART and those not on HAART.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Changing utilization of Stavudine (d4T) in HIV-positive people in 2006-2013 in the EuroSIDA study.

Author: PodlekarevaD, GrintD, KarpovI, RakmanovaA, MansinhoK, ChentsovaN, ZeltinaI, LossoM, ParczewskiM, LundgrenJ D, MocroftA, KirkO,

Stavudine use

Stavudine (d4T) use has declined sharply since 2006, but a low but persistent level of d4T use remains in Eastern Europe.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

cART prescription trends in a prospective HIV cohort in rural Tanzania from 2007 to 2011.

Author: FranzeckFabian Christoph, LetangEmilio, MwaigomoleGeoffrey, JulluBoniphace, GlassTracy R, NyogeaDaniel, HatzChristoph, TannerMarcel, BattegayManuel

This study examines the implementation of WHO guidelines discouraging stavudine use in first-line HIV regimens and explores trends in antiretroviral therapy combinations in a rural Tanzanian cohort.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

[Analysis of HIV genotypic drug resistance among pediatric HIV/AIDS cases with virological failure after free antiretroviral therapy in Yunnan province].

Author: ZhongMin, YangShaomin, YangBihui, LiuJiafa, LiJianjian, LouJincheng, LiHuiqin

Drug resistance

Drug resistance is a major cause of virological failure in pediatric HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. In this study, 72.6% of pediatric patients with virological failure exhibited drug resistance. The most prevalent mutations associated with drug resistance were M184V/I, K103N, T215F/Y, G190A, Y181C, and K101E. Reducing the incidence and spread of HIV drug resistance is crucial in the era of resource scarcity.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : Chinese

21.

Critical Pronociceptive Role of Family 2 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in a Novel Mouse Model of HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy.

Author: LückemeyerDebora Denardin, PrudenteArthur Silveira, de Amorim FerreiraMarcella, da SilvaAna Merian, TonelloRaquel, JuniorSérgio José Macedo, do PradoCamila Sant' Helena, de Castro JúniorCélio José, GomezMarcus Vinicius, CalixtoJoão Batista, FerreiraJuliano

A novel mouse model of painful HIV-SN was created by combining HIV-1 gp120 protein and the antiretroviral stavudine (d4T). Female mice treated with the combination showed greater intensity of pain-like behaviors. Cav2.2 blockade was more effective in reversing hyperalgesia, but also had more side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

The effects of progressive-resisted exercises on muscle strength and health-related quality of life in persons with HIV-related poly-neuropathy in Zimbabwe.

Author: MkandlaKhumbula, MyezwaHellen, MusengeEustasius

A 12-week progressive-resisted exercise (PRE) intervention significantly improved health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in people living with HIV/AIDS-related distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia.

Author: MitiSam, HandemaRay, MulengaLloyd, MwansaJonathan K, AbramsElizabeth, FrimpongChristiana, BurkeVirginia M, ZuluMangani, SiwingwaMpanji, MwakazangaDavid, KalibalaSam, DenisonJulie A

This abstract highlights the threat of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in Zambia, particularly among youth aged 15-24 years. Understanding the prevalence and patterns of HIVDR in this population is crucial for defining effective ART regimens, improving clinical decision-making, and supporting behavioral change interventions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

25.

The association between HIV tri-therapy with the development of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in a rural South African District: A case-control study.

Author: BamNokwanda E, MabundaSikhumbuzo A, NtsabaJafta, ApalataTeke, NomatshilaSibusiso C, ChithaWezile

Combination antiretroviral drugs (cARVs) are associated with an increased risk of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in a rural South African setting. This study aimed to confirm the association and determine its extent.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Naringin Reverses Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Associated with HIV-1 Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors-Induced Metabolic Complications.

Author: AdebiyiOluwafeyisetan O, AdebiyiOlubunmi A, OwiraPeter M O

Naringin supplements may mitigate lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) therapy by ameliorating oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Development of Severe Anemia and Changes in Hemoglobin in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Ugandan Adults Receiving Zidovudine-, Stavudine-, and Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.

Author: Parkes-RatanshiRosalind, KatendeDavid, LevinJonathan, WakehamKatie, HeinerGrosskurth, KamaliAnatoli, LallooDavid G

Increased Hb
Severe anemia

Zidovudine was associated with severe anemia compared to stavudine or tenofovir in HIV-infected patients receiving ART.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Rational Development of Nucleoside Diphosphate Prodrugs: DiPPro-Compounds.

Author: MeierC, JessenH J, SchulzT, WeinschenkL, PertenbreiterF, BalzariniJ

DiPPro-approach, a new series of non-symmetric nucleoside diphosphate prodrugs, selectively delivered nucleoside diphosphates in cell extracts, demonstrating potential for antiviral activity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

29.

Mitochondrial DNA D-loop AG/TC transition mutation in cortical neurons of mice after long-term exposure to nucleoside analogues.

Author: ZhangYulin, WangBishi, LiangQi, QiaoLuxin, XuBin, ZhangHongwei, YangSufang, ChenJun, GuoHongliang, WuJian, ChenDexi

This abstract examines the mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogues, a class of antiretroviral drugs used in HIV treatment. The study found that long-term exposure to nucleoside analogues can induce mutations in the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of neurons, suggesting a potential mechanism for neurological complications associated with these drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

30.

Modulation of MAPK- and PI3/AKT-Dependent Autophagy Signaling by Stavudine (D4T) in PBMC of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Author: La RosaFrancesca, ZoiaChiara Paola, BazziniChiara, BologniniAlessandra, SaresellaMarina, ContiElisa, FerrareseCarlo, PianconeFederica, MarventanoIvana, GalimbertiDaniela, FenoglioChiara, ScarpiniElio, ClericiMario

This research aims to investigate the potential of stavudine (D4T) in mitigating A&#946;<sub>42</sub> deposition-induced neuroinflammation and promoting A&#946;-plaque clearance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study focuses on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in these processes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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