Side Effects of dactinomycin: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Dactinomycin is an antibiotic that has been commonly used for the treatment of various tumors, including Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. 19 , 3 . Recent studies have proposed dactinomycin as a novel therapeutic candidate for glioblastoma. 3 . Dactinomycin significantly reduces tumor growth in recurrent glioblastoma patient-derived mouse models and increases survival by downregulating SOX2 expression. 3 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of dactinomycin are caused by the drug binding to cellular DNA, inhibiting cell growth and division. 3 . Dactinomycin can bind to the DNA of normal cells as well, so it can cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

Nausea

Many patients who have received dactinomycin treatment experience nausea. 8 . This is because the drug affects the digestive system.

Myelosuppression

Dactinomycin can cause myelosuppression. 20 . Myelosuppression refers to a decrease in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Hepatotoxicity

Dactinomycin can cause hepatotoxicity. 9 . Hepatotoxicity can cause inflammation and damage to the liver.

Rash

Dactinomycin can cause a rash. 2 . Rash can occur due to an allergic reaction to the drug.

Hair Loss

Dactinomycin can cause hair loss. 10 . Hair loss occurs because the drug affects hair follicles.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Nausea

Antiemetics can be administered to reduce the symptoms of nausea.

Myelosuppression

Treatments to increase the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets can be performed to reduce the symptoms of myelosuppression.

Hepatotoxicity

Treatments to reduce liver inflammation can be performed to reduce the symptoms of hepatotoxicity.

Rash

Antihistamines or steroids can be administered to reduce the symptoms of rash.

Hair Loss

Hair loss may occur as a side effect of the drug. While hair loss cannot be prevented, using hats or wigs can reduce the impact on appearance.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Multiple studies have shown that dactinomycin is an effective anticancer drug. 19 , 8 , 20 , 10 . However, dactinomycin can cause side effects such as nausea, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, rash, and hair loss. 8 , 20 , 9 , 2 , 10 .

Differences Between Studies

The incidence of side effects of dactinomycin can vary between studies. 8 , 20 . This is because factors such as the patient population used in the study, the dosage of dactinomycin, and other treatments can affect the results.

Points to Note Regarding Application in Real Life

Dactinomycin is a powerful anticancer drug. It is important to understand the risks of side effects and to use the drug as directed by your doctor. If you are using dactinomycin, be aware that you may experience side effects such as nausea, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, rash, and hair loss.

Limitations of Current Research

There is not a lot of research on dactinomycin. Further research is needed to more fully investigate the incidence and severity of side effects of dactinomycin.

Future Research Directions

Research is needed to develop ways to reduce the side effects of dactinomycin. Research is also needed to enhance the effectiveness of dactinomycin.

Conclusion

Dactinomycin is an effective anticancer drug, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, rash, and hair loss. If you are using dactinomycin, it is important to understand the risks of side effects and to use the drug as directed by your doctor.

Literature analysis of 22 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
3
Article Type
1
1
1
2
22
1.

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine versus etretinate in psoriasis: improvement of skin, nail, and joint involvement.

Author: MahrleG, SchulzeH J, FärberL, WeidingerG, SteiglederG K

Nail and joint improvement
Psoriasis treatment
Cyclosporine side effects
Relapse risk

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine therapy was highly effective and well tolerated for psoriasis, compared to etretinate. Remission was better preserved by tapering the drug than by discontinuing treatment abruptly.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

5-Fluorouracil and actinomycin D lead to erythema multiforme drug eruption in chemotherapy of invasive mole: Case report and literature review.

Author: WangShan, LiTengfei, WangYuan, WangMengdi, LiuYibin, ZhangXiaoguang, ZhangLijuan

Skin effects

This study highlights the importance of recognizing and managing skin effects associated with chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and actinomycin D (ActD), as these effects can be serious and potentially life-threatening.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Survival and functional recovery of primary cortical neurons exposed to actinomycin D.

Author: LeeSeong-Eun, LeeGum Hwa

Increased survival
Reduced tumor growth
Neurological side effects

This study investigates the short- and long-term toxicological responses of primary cortical neurons to actinomycin D (ActD). It demonstrates the direct toxicity and poor reversibility of ActD in neurons, raising concerns about neurological side effects during chemotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm in a patient with end-stage renal failure (ESRF): the challenges and lessons learnt.

Author: LooKanddy Chin Yee, LimYueh Ni, KiuDoreen Kher Lee, SimWee Wee

GTN treatment
Multidisciplinary approach
Chemotherapy side effects

This case report describes an unprecedented case of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) in a patient with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). The authors highlight the challenges of managing GTN in this context, including the choice of chemotherapy and managing side effects. The case emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the potential role of total hysterectomy in preventing GTN following a hydatidiform mole.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Functional Precision Medicine Identifies New Therapeutic Candidates for Medulloblastoma.

Author: RusertJessica M, JuarezEdwin F, BrabetzSebastian, JensenJames, GarancherAlexandra, ChauLianne Q, Tacheva-GrigorovaSilvia K, WahabSameerah, UdakaYoko T, FinlayDarren, Seker-CinHuriye, ReardonBrendan, GröbnerSusanne, SerranoJonathan, EckerJonas, QiLin, KogisoMari, DuYuchen, BaxterPatricia A, HendersonJacob J, BerensMichael E, VuoriKristiina, MildeTill, ChoYoon-Jae, LiXiao-Nan, OlsonJames M, ReyesIris, SnuderlMatija, WongTerence C, DimmockDavid P, NahasShareef A, MalickiDenise, CrawfordJohn R, LevyMichael L, Van AllenEliezer M, PfisterStefan M, TamayoPablo, KoolMarcel, MesirovJill P, Wechsler-ReyaRobert J

Medulloblastoma treatment

This study highlights the potential of high-throughput drug screening in identifying effective therapies for medulloblastoma, a brain tumor, beyond what can be predicted by genomic or transcriptomic analysis. For example, actinomycin D, a drug used for sarcoma, was found to be effective against Group 3 medulloblastoma, the most aggressive form. This approach offers promise for personalized treatment of medulloblastoma based on the individual characteristics of each patient's tumor.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Phase II study of vincristine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide and irinotecan for patients with newly diagnosed low-risk subset B rhabdomyosarcoma: A study protocol.

Author: MiyachiMitsuru, TsuchiyaKunihiko, HosonoAko, OgawaAtsushi, KohKatsuyoshi, KikutaAtsushi, HaraJunichi, TeramukaiSatoshi, HosoiHajime

Cyclophosphamide dose reduction
Irinotecan efficacy
Rhabdomyosarcoma treatment
Infertility

This study aims to investigate whether reducing the cyclophosphamide dose in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma, while introducing irinotecan, can improve treatment outcomes and reduce long-term complications, including infertility.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

The Route to 'Chemobrain' - Computational probing of neuronal LTP pathway.

Author: FahimAmmad, RehmanZaira, BhattiMuhammad Faraz, VirkNasar, AliAmjad, RashidAmir, ParachaRehan Zafar

Cognitive impairment

This study investigates the potential off-target interactions of chemotherapeutic drugs with proteins involved in neuronal long-term potentiation (LTP). Several drugs were identified as potential LTP pathway inhibitors, suggesting possible interference with neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Hepatic toxicity following actinomycin D chemotherapy in treatment of familial gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: A case report.

Author: MuXiyan, YinRutie, WangDanqing, SongLiang, MaYu, ZhaoXia, LiQingli

GTN
Liver toxicity

Familial gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare condition that can cause liver damage. Researchers are studying the role of genes involved in drug transport in this condition.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Prophylactic chemotherapy for hydatidiform mole to prevent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Author: WangQiuyi, FuJing, HuLina, FangFang, XieLingxia, ChenHengxi, HeFan, WuTaixiang, LawrieTheresa A

Hydatidiform mole treatment
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Hydatidiform moles are abnormal growths in the uterus that can be either partial or complete. Most women with hydatidiform moles can be cured with surgery, but some women develop a malignant form of the disease called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). This study looked at the use of chemotherapy to prevent GTN in women with hydatidiform moles.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Molecular and Thermodynamic Studies on DNA Triplex Formed in the Promoter Region of HMGB1 Gene as a Selective Target for Anticancer Drugs.

Author: NeelamLohani, RajeswariMoganty R

HMGB1 is a protein involved in various cellular processes, but it is also implicated in cancer and inflammation. Its high expression in various diseases makes it a potential target for drug development.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Liver Transplantation for Biliary Rhabdomyosarcoma With Liver Metastasis: Report of One Case.

Author: ShenC-H, DongK-R, TaoY-F, ChenG, LiR-D, ZhangQ-B, ZhangX-F, ZhengS, WangZ-X

Rhabdomyosarcoma treatment

Liver transplantation in combination with chemotherapy was found to be an effective treatment for unresectable biliary rhabdomyosarcoma without extra-hepatic metastases. The transplantation completely removed the tumor and reduced the long-term side effects of chemotherapy drugs.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Actinomycin D enhances killing of cancer cells by immunotoxin RG7787 through activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.

Author: LiuXiu Fen, XiangLaiman, ZhouQi, CarralotJean-Philippe, PrunottoMarco, NiederfellnerGerhard, PastanIra

Cancer treatment

This study investigates the synergistic effect of actinomycin D and RG7787, a mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin, in killing mesothelin-positive cancer cells and producing tumor regression in animal models.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

17.

PRX1 knockdown potentiates vitamin K3 toxicity in cancer cells: a potential new therapeutic perspective for an old drug.

Author: HeTiantian, HatemElie, VernisLaurence, LeiMing, HuangMeng-Er

Anticancer activity
Cancer cell redox modulation
VitK3 therapeutic potential

This study investigates the anticancer properties of vitamin K3 and how it could be used more effectively to treat cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia comparing biweekly eight-day Methotrexate with folinic acid versus bolus-dose Actinomycin-D, among Brazilian women.

Author: UbertiElza Maria Hartmann, FajardoMaria do Carmo, da CunhaAdriana Gerhardt Vieira, FrotaSirlene Soares, BragaAntônio, AyubAntonio Celso Koehler

Effective for low-risk GTN
Side effects

This study compares two single-agent chemotherapy regimens in Brazilian patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), evaluating response, side effects, and outcomes.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Children with relapsed or refractory nephroblastoma: favorable long-term survival after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

Author: IllhardtT, EbingerM, SchwarzeC P, FeuchtingerT, FurtwänglerR, SchlegelP G, KlingebielT, GreilJ, BeckJ F, HandgretingerR, LangP

Effective treatment
Long-term effects

High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem-cell rescue (ASCR) is an effective treatment of recurrent or refractory nephroblastoma with acceptable side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Feasibility of intensive multimodal therapy in infants affected by rhabdoid tumors - experience of the EU-RHAB registry.

Author: SeeringerA, BartelheimK, KerlK, HasselblattM, LeuschnerI, RutkowskiS, TimmermannB, KortmannR-D, KoscielniakE, SchneppenheimR, Warmuth-MetzM, GerßJ, SiebertR, GrafN, BoosJ, FrühwaldM C

Increased survival time
Rhabdoid tumor treatment
Leukoencephalopathy

Radiotherapy significantly increases survival time in infants with rhabdoid tumors. Although severe long-term side effects were reported in 4 patients, our results suggest that radiotherapy is a viable treatment option for infants with this disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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