Effective treatment of e-cigarettes: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

While e-cigarettes may help people quit smoking traditional cigarettes, the evidence is still uncertain, and more research is needed. E-cigarettes might be more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for helping smokers quit, but their effectiveness varies across studies. 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 19 , 10 , 12 , 11 , 5 , 6 , 13 , 8 , 22 , 24 , 23 , 16 , 14 , 21 , 20 , 9 , 1 , 17 , 18 Furthermore, the impact of self-selected e-cigarette use on smoking cessation, especially when combined with app-based behavioral interventions, remains unclear. The effectiveness and safety of e-cigarette use during pregnancy are also unknown. While e-cigarettes might help people quit smoking, their long-term health effects remain uncertain. Some studies suggest that e-cigarettes may be more effective than NRT as a smoking cessation aid, but these effects are short-term, and long-term outcomes are not yet clear. Researchers are also investigating whether e-cigarette use might be a less harmful intervention for smokers who find quitting difficult. More research is needed to understand the long-term implications of e-cigarette use.

treatment summary

Research on e-cigarettes used as smoking cessation aids suggests they might be more effective than NRT. 2 , 4 Additionally, some research suggests that e-cigarettes might be a less harmful intervention for smokers who find quitting difficult. 3 E-cigarettes are also used not only as a smoking cessation aid but also as a tool to encourage switching from traditional cigarettes to e-cigarettes. 13 However, the health effects of long-term e-cigarette use are still under investigation. 7

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

E-cigarettes may pose lower health risks than traditional cigarettes because they contain fewer harmful substances. Additionally, e-cigarettes may be more effective than NRT as a smoking cessation aid. 3 Furthermore, e-cigarettes might be a less harmful intervention for smokers who find quitting difficult. 3

Risk summary

The long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are not yet fully understood. E-cigarettes contain harmful substances like nicotine and have the potential to negatively impact health. E-cigarettes can be highly addictive, especially for young people and pregnant women. Additionally, e-cigarettes pose risks like fire and explosion hazards.

Comparison of studies

Commonalities of studies

Most studies share the understanding that e-cigarettes may carry lower health risks than traditional cigarettes because they contain fewer harmful substances. Many studies also agree that e-cigarettes have the potential to be effective smoking cessation aids.

Differences of studies

There is disagreement among studies about whether e-cigarettes are more effective than NRT as a smoking cessation aid. The long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are not yet fully understood, and research on this topic is limited. There is also disagreement among studies regarding whether e-cigarettes are highly addictive for young people and pregnant women.

Consistency and inconsistencies of results

While e-cigarettes may help people quit smoking traditional cigarettes, the evidence is still uncertain. Some studies suggest that e-cigarettes are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for helping smokers quit, while others report different results. Furthermore, the long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are unclear, and some studies conclude that e-cigarettes might be more harmful than smoking.

Considerations for applying results to real-life

Although e-cigarettes may contain fewer harmful substances than traditional cigarettes, their long-term health effects are still unknown. It is crucial to consult with doctors and healthcare professionals before using e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid. E-cigarettes can be highly addictive, particularly for young people and pregnant women.

Limitations of current research

There is a limited amount of research on e-cigarettes. The long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are still not fully understood. Furthermore, more research is needed to understand the impact of e-cigarette use on young people and pregnant women.

Future research directions

Research is needed to investigate the long-term health effects of e-cigarettes. More research is also needed to understand the impact of e-cigarette use on young people and pregnant women. Additionally, research is needed to determine the most effective way to use e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.

Conclusion

While e-cigarettes may help people quit smoking, the evidence is still uncertain. The long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are not yet fully understood. It is essential to consult with doctors and healthcare professionals before using e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes might be more effective than NRT as a smoking cessation aid, but these effects are short-term, and long-term outcomes are not yet clear. Additionally, research is investigating whether e-cigarette use might be a less harmful intervention for smokers who find quitting difficult. More research is needed to understand the long-term implications of e-cigarette use.

Treatment list

E-cigarettes, Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), app-based behavioral interventions, cytisine, varenicline

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
8
3
7
5
24
1.

E-cigarettes May Support Smokers With High Smoking-Related Risk Awareness to Stop Smoking in the Short Run: Preliminary Results by Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: MasieroMarianna, LucchiariClaudio, MazzoccoKetti, VeronesiGiulia, MaisonneuvePatrick, JemosCostantino, SalèEmanuela Omodeo, SpinaStefania, BertolottiRaffaella, PravettoniGabriella

Increased cessation rate

E-cigarettes increased the stopping rate and reduced daily cigarettes in participants who continued smoking.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy.

Author: HajekPeter, Phillips-WallerAnna, PrzuljDunja, PesolaFrancesca, Myers SmithKatie, BisalNatalie, LiJinshuo, ParrottSteve, SasieniPeter, DawkinsLynne, RossLouise, GoniewiczMaciej, WuQi, McRobbieHayden J

Smoking cessation
Mouth irritation
Nausea
Throat irritation

E-cigarettes were more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine-replacement therapy when both products were accompanied by behavioral support. The 1-year abstinence rate was 18.0% in the e-cigarette group versus 9.9% in the nicotine-replacement group.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement treatment as harm reduction interventions for smokers who find quitting difficult: randomized controlled trial.

Author: Myers SmithKatie, Phillips-WallerAnna, PesolaFrancesca, McRobbieHayden, PrzuljDunja, OrzolMarzena, HajekPeter

Reduced smoking

E-cigarettes were more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in helping smokers reduce or quit smoking. In a 6-month study, 26.5% of participants using e-cigarettes achieved a 50% reduction in smoking or quit completely, compared to 6% of those using NRT. The sustained abstinence rate at 6 months was 19.1% for e-cigarettes and 3% for NRT.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

A Pragmatic Randomized Comparative Trial of e-Cigarettes and Other Nicotine Products for Quitting or Long-Term Substitution in Smokers.

Author: MorphettKylie, FraserDoug, BorlandRon, HallWayne, WalkerNatalie, BullenChris, GartnerCoral

Tobacco harm reduction

This study explored whether encouraging people to use nicotine products like nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or e-cigarettes long-term as substitutes for cigarettes is more effective in helping people quit smoking than standard quitting methods. The researchers also investigated whether offering e-cigarettes as a quitting aid is more effective than NRT.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

E-cigarettes to Augment Stop Smoking In-person Support and Treatment With Varenicline (E-ASSIST): A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Tattan-BirchHarry, KockLoren, BrownJamie, BeardEmma, BauldLinda, WestRobert, ShahabLion

Smoking cessation

Offering e-cigarettes alongside varenicline to people receiving behavioral support may be more effective for smoking cessation than varenicline alone, but more research is needed to confirm this.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Pragmatic Clinical TrialA trial conducted in a real-world clinical setting. It evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in everyday healthcare environments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Urgent Need for Novel Investigations of Treatments to Quit E-cigarettes: Findings from a Systematic Review.

Author: PalmerAmanda M, PriceSarah N, FosterMadeline G, SanfordBrandon T, FucitoLisa M, TollBenjamin A

E-cigarette cessation

E-cigarette use has become more common worldwide. While some people use e-cigarettes to quit smoking, others use them recreationally. Many people are interested in quitting e-cigarettes, but we don't have a lot of information on how to do this. This review found that young people are more likely to want to quit than adults. Young people are motivated by health concerns, while adults are motivated by cost, dissatisfaction, and psychological factors. Adults are more likely to have tried quitting before, often abruptly. There are very few programs specifically designed to help people quit e-cigarettes, and most of the programs are focused on youth. More research is needed on how to help people quit e-cigarettes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Longer-term use of electronic cigarettes when provided as a stop smoking aid: Systematic review with meta-analyses.

Author: ButlerAilsa R, LindsonNicola, FanshaweThomas R, TheodoulouAnnika, BeghRachna, HajekPeter, McRobbieHayden, BullenChris, NotleyCaitlin, RigottiNancy A, Hartmann-BoyceJamie

Smoking cessation
Long-term use

This review examined studies on using e-cigarettes to quit smoking. It found that 54% of people using e-cigarettes were still using them after 6 months or longer, and 70% of those who had quit smoking were still using e-cigarettes. While e-cigarettes seem to help people quit smoking, more research is needed to understand why people continue to use them and the implications of this.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Nicotine replacement therapy for vaping cessation among mono and dual users: A mixed methods preliminary study.

Author: PalmerAmanda M, CarpenterMatthew J, RojewskiAlana M, HaireKayla, BakerNathaniel L, TollBenjamin A

E-cigarette cessation

Many adults want to quit vaping, but there are few proven ways to do so. This study found that people were motivated to quit due to health concerns, dependence, stigma, and cost. The study tested the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to quit vaping and found that people were willing to use it and reported few side effects. While a small number of people using NRT were able to quit vaping, this study needs to be repeated with more people to confirm these findings. Additional research is needed to help people who vape and smoke cigarettes quit both and to make these treatments more widely available.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

9.

General practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices surrounding the prescription of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: a mixed-methods systematic review.

Author: SelamogluMelis, ErbasBircan, KasiviswanathanKarthika, BartonChris

Smoking cessation

This systematic review synthesised evidence from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies regarding general practitioners' (GPs) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about the use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses.

Author: LindsonNicola, TheodoulouAnnika, Ordóñez-MenaJosé M, FanshaweThomas R, SuttonAlex J, Livingstone-BanksJonathan, HajizadehAnisa, ZhuSufen, AveyardPaul, FreemanSuzanne C, AgrawalSanjay, Hartmann-BoyceJamie

Smoking cessation

Smoking is a major cause of preventable death and illness worldwide. Many people want to quit, and there are medications and e-cigarettes to help. These treatments work by reducing cravings, which helps people stop smoking and prevents them from starting again. We need more research on how these treatments compare to each other to make better decisions about treatment and policy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

Use of e-Cigarettes in Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Santiago-TorresMargarita, MullKristin E, SullivanBrianna M, BrickerJonathan B

Smoking cessation
E-cigarette use

This study found that using e-cigarettes while receiving an app-based smoking cessation intervention was associated with a lower or unimproved likelihood of quitting cigarette smoking compared to not using e-cigarettes. This suggests that future behavioral treatments for cigarette smoking cessation should include information about the potential consequences of e-cigarette use.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Helping pregnant smokers quit: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy.

Author: PrzuljDunja, PesolaFrancesca, Myers SmithKatie, McRobbieHayden, ColemanTim, LewisSarah, GriffithChristopher, WaltonRobert, WhitemoreRachel, ClarkMiranda, UssherMichael, SinclairLesley, SeagerEmily, CooperSue, BauldLinda, NaughtonFelix, SasieniPeter, ManyondaIsaac, HajekPeter

Smoking cessation in pregnancy

E-cigarettes were not significantly more effective than nicotine patches in the primary analysis of a clinical trial. However, in a sensitivity analysis, e-cigarettes were almost twice as effective as patches in promoting smoking cessation among pregnant women. E-cigarettes did not pose more risks to birth outcomes than nicotine patches and may reduce the incidence of low birthweight.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Effect of unguided e-cigarette provision on uptake, use, and smoking cessation among adults who smoke in the USA: a naturalistic, randomised, controlled clinical trial.

Author: CarpenterMatthew J, WahlquistAmy E, DahneJennifer, GrayKevin M, CummingsK Michael, WarrenGraham, WagenerTheodore L, GoniewiczMaciej L, SmithTracy T

Smoking cessation
Smoking reduction

A randomized controlled trial found that providing adult smokers with free e-cigarettes led to a significant increase in smoking cessation, quit attempts, and smoking reduction compared to a control group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Effectiveness of nicotine salt vapes, cytisine, and a combination of these products, for smoking cessation in New Zealand: protocol for a three-arm, pragmatic, community-based randomised controlled trial.

Author: WalkerNatalie, CalderAmanda, BarnesJoanne, LakingGeorge, ParagVarsha, BullenChris

Smoking cessation

This study aims to assess the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of combining nicotine salt e-cigarettes with cytisine for smoking cessation, compared to either treatment alone. The combination therapy is expected to increase smoking cessation rates at six months, offering a potentially safer and more acceptable alternative for smokers.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses.

Author: LindsonNicola, TheodoulouAnnika, Ordóñez-MenaJosé M, FanshaweThomas R, SuttonAlex J, Livingstone-BanksJonathan, HajizadehAnisa, ZhuSufen, AveyardPaul, FreemanSuzanne C, AgrawalSanjay, Hartmann-BoyceJamie

Smoking cessation

Smoking is a major cause of preventable death and illness worldwide. Many people want to quit, and there are medications and e-cigarettes to help. These treatments work by reducing cravings, which helps people stop smoking and prevents them from starting again. We need more research on how these treatments compare to each other to make better decisions about treatment and policy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

Use of Vaping as a Smoking Cessation Aid: A Review of Clinical Trials.

Author: AshourAhmed M

Smoking cessation

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the performance of vaping in clinical trials, analyzing its effectiveness in smoking cessation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.

Author: TheodoulouAnnika, ChepkinSamantha C, YeWeiyu, FanshaweThomas R, BullenChris, Hartmann-BoyceJamie, Livingstone-BanksJonathan, HajizadehAnisa, LindsonNicola

Reduced cravings
Reduced withdrawal symptoms
Smoking abstinence
None mentioned

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been proven effective for long-term smoking cessation. However, the impact of different NRT forms, doses, durations, and timing of use on its effectiveness remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the influence of these variables on NRT's efficacy.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.

Author: Livingstone-BanksJonathan, FanshaweThomas R, ThomasKyla H, TheodoulouAnnika, HajizadehAnisa, HartmanLilian, LindsonNicola

Smoking cessation

Nicotine receptor partial agonists, such as varenicline and cytisine, have been shown to help people stop smoking by balancing dopamine levels to reduce withdrawal symptoms and by decreasing smoking satisfaction.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

[Smoking Cessation in Patients with COPD].

Author: AndreasStefan, KotzDaniel, BatraAnil, HellmannAndreas, MühligStephan, NowakDennis, SchultzKonrad, WorthHeinrich, SchülerSabine

COPD improvement
Smoking cessation support

This abstract emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation in patients with COPD. It highlights the effectiveness of a combination therapy of behavioral therapy and medication for tobacco cessation, and stresses that smoking is the most important cause of COPD.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

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