Effects of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide: A Synthesis of Findings from 10 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Enalapril is an effective antihypertensive drug that lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). 7 Enalapril has been shown to be effective both in acute and chronic settings, and its effects are generally well-tolerated. 7 4 2 6 8 The combination of enalapril with hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, has been shown to be more effective in lowering blood pressure than enalapril alone. 1 It has also been shown to be effective in managing hypertension even in patients on diuretic treatment. 3 Enalapril has been shown to be effective in various populations, including those with diabetes. 10 In addition, enalapril has been shown to have minimal impact on mood, potentially even enhancing attention and alertness. 5

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Enalapril is an effective treatment for hypertension, lowering blood pressure without increasing heart rate or output. 9 In addition, enalapril has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in long-term use. 6 The combination of enalapril with hydrochlorothiazide can be more effective in lowering blood pressure than enalapril alone. 1

Risk Summary

Common side effects of enalapril include headache, dizziness, orthostatic effects, and abdominal pain. 9 More serious side effects, such as persistent cough, can occur in a smaller percentage of patients. 9

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities between Studies

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of enalapril in lowering blood pressure and its overall safety profile. 7 4 2 6 8 Most studies highlight that enalapril is well-tolerated, even in long-term use. 6

Differences between Studies

Different studies have shown varying effects and side effects of enalapril, potentially related to factors such as patient age, gender, severity of hypertension, and other medications used. 1 3 Additionally, study designs and sample sizes can contribute to variations in findings.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Overall, multiple studies consistently suggest that enalapril is a safe and effective drug for treating hypertension. However, discrepancies in observed effects and side effects warrant individualised treatment approaches, with careful consideration of patient factors and consultation with healthcare professionals.

Implications for Real-Life Application

While medication is important, lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, exercise, and smoking cessation, are crucial for managing hypertension. 4 Patients should strictly follow their doctor's instructions regarding dosage and never discontinue or adjust medication without consulting a healthcare professional.

Limitations of Current Research

Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the long-term effects of enalapril and its impact on individuals with specific health conditions. Additional studies are needed to better understand the combined effects of enalapril with other medications. 6 8

Future Directions in Research

Research is needed to further investigate the long-term effects of enalapril and its impact on individuals with specific health conditions. Additionally, more research on the combined use of enalapril with other medications is warranted. 4 2 8

Conclusion

Multiple studies consistently suggest that enalapril is a safe and effective drug for treating hypertension. However, discrepancies in observed effects and side effects warrant individualised treatment approaches, with careful consideration of patient factors and consultation with healthcare professionals. Alongside medication, lifestyle modifications are vital for managing hypertension. Patients should follow their doctor's instructions carefully and consult with their healthcare provider before making any changes to their medication regimen. Further research is necessary to understand the long-term effects and nuances of enalapril in different patient populations.

Literature analysis of 10 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
9
1
0
0
10
1.

Treatment of essential hypertension in Asians: enalapril as monotherapy versus combination therapy with hydrochlorothiazide.

Author: JonesD W, SandsC D

Blood pressure reduction

Enalapril in combination with hydrochlorothiazide was more effective than enalapril monotherapy in lowering blood pressure in Korean hypertensive patients. The combination therapy also allowed for lower enalapril dosing while maintaining safety.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Efficacy of enalapril in essential hypertension and its comparison with atenolol.

Author: el MangoushM, SinghN K, KumarS, BashaA, GuptaB S, BolyaY K, GamatiA

Blood pressure reduction

Enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was found to be an effective treatment for all grades of essential hypertension. It lowered blood pressure in 88% of patients with mild hypertension, 50% with moderate hypertension, and 25% with severe hypertension. Enalapril was slightly more effective than atenolol, another antihypertensive drug, in reducing systolic blood pressure in patients with mild and moderate hypertension. No serious side effects were observed with either drug.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Single doses of enalapril and atenolol in hypertensive patients treated with bendrofluazide.

Author: WebsterJ, RobbO J, WitteK, PetrieJ C

Blood pressure reduction
Overdosage

Enalapril and atenolol were effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients already on diuretic treatment. The starting dose of enalapril should be 5 mg, but even this dose may be hazardous in some patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Interaction in hypertensive man between sodium intake, converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril), plasma renin and blood pressure control.

Author: MorganT, AndersonA

Additive effects
Blood pressure control

Enalapril effectively reduced blood pressure, and its effect was additive to that of sodium restriction. Plasma renin levels were influenced by both enalapril and sodium intake, with no interactive effects observed.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Psychotropic effects of enalapril maleate in normal volunteers.

Author: OlajideD, LaderM

Enhanced alertness
Enhanced attention
Tiredness

Enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, did not have a negative impact on mood in 12 normal subjects. It significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure and increased heart rate, potentially enhancing attention and alertness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Long-term enalapril--a new converting enzyme inhibitor--in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension, results of a worldwide multiclinic study. Comparing two ways of analyzing data.

Author: LessemJ N, RucinskaE, VickersF F, EspieJ, SromovskyJ A

Attenuates thiazide-induced side effects
Effective for hypertension
Safe and well tolerated
Proteinuria
Rash

Enalapril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, effectively lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. It was more effective than propranolol, and required less frequent addition of hydrochlorothiazide to achieve optimal blood pressure control. Enalapril was well-tolerated with minimal side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Angiotensin converting enzyme during acute and chronic enalapril therapy in essential hypertension.

Author: JacksonB, JohnstonC I

ACE inhibition
Blood pressure reduction

Enalapril effectively reduced blood pressure in 12 subjects acutely and in 11 chronically. ACE inhibition correlated well with drug levels and hypotensive effects, suggesting induction of ACE during chronic treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Comparative effects of combination drug therapy regimens commencing with either losartan potassium, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, or enalapril maleate for the treatment of severe hypertension.

Author: RuffD, GazdickL P, BermanR, GoldbergA I, SweetC S

Effective blood pressure reduction
Well tolerated
Headache

Losartan-based regimen effectively lowered blood pressure, was generally well tolerated, and was generally similar to the enalapril-based regimen in the treatment of patients with severe hypertension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

[Enalapril-clinical experience in Bulgaria].

Author: TasevaT

Hypertension treatment
Cough

Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, effectively reduces blood pressure and has good tolerability in patients with arterial hypertension. The most common side effects are headache, dizziness, and orthostatic effects. Dry cough occurs in approximately 8.6% of patients.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : Bulgarian

10.

A randomized, controlled, multicenter study to compare prazosin GITS with enalapril in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. Bombay Hypertension Study Group.

Author: JoglekarS J, NanivadekarA S

Hypertension treatment
Lipid lowering

Prazosin GITS and enalapril were both effective in controlling hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled study involving 89 patients found that both drugs effectively lowered blood pressure. Prazosin GITS had a beneficial effect on serum triglycerides, while enalapril had a favorable effect on triglycerides but a detrimental effect on LDL cholesterol. Both drugs increased fasting blood sugar and 2-hour post-meal blood sugar levels, but this was more significant in the prazosin GITS group. Prazosin GITS was also associated with fewer adverse events compared to enalapril.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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