Side Effects of entecavir: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Entecavir is an effective drug used to treat chronic hepatitis B, but several side effects have been reported. These studies suggest that entecavir can affect the kidneys, bones, and metabolism. Entecavir can also cause immune system abnormalities and rarely cause serious side effects. These side effects may occur with long-term use of entecavir. Therefore, it is important to have regular checkups to monitor for side effects when using entecavir.

Reasons for Side Effects

Entecavir works by inhibiting the replication of the hepatitis B virus. However, entecavir can also affect other cells. For example, kidney cells and bone cells are susceptible to the effects of entecavir, which can lead to side effects. Entecavir can also affect immune system cells, which can cause immune system abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to be aware of these side effects when using entecavir.

Common Side Effects

Kidney Side Effects

Entecavir may affect kidney function. For example, a decrease in kidney function and worsening of kidney disease have been reported. Kidney side effects from entecavir may occur with long-term use. Therefore, it is important to have regular kidney function tests when using entecavir. 6 , 16 , 1 , 25 , 22 , 11 , 15 , 19 , 7

Bone Side Effects

Entecavir may decrease bone density. Therefore, the risk of fractures may increase. Bone side effects from entecavir may occur with long-term use. Therefore, it is important to have regular bone density tests when using entecavir. 6 , 16 , 1 , 25 , 8 , 7

Metabolic Side Effects

Entecavir may affect metabolism. For example, increased blood sugar levels and dyslipidemia have been reported. Metabolic side effects from entecavir may occur with long-term use. Therefore, it is important to have regular blood sugar and lipid tests when using entecavir. 6

Immune System Side Effects

Entecavir may cause immune system abnormalities. For example, autoimmune diseases have been reported. Immune system side effects from entecavir are rare, but they can be serious. Therefore, it is important to have regular immune system checkups when using entecavir. 3

Side Effect Management

Kidney Side Effect Management

To prevent kidney side effects from entecavir, it is important to have regular kidney function tests and adjust the dosage as needed. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids to reduce the burden on the kidneys. 19

Bone Side Effect Management

To prevent bone side effects from entecavir, it is important to have regular bone density tests and adjust the dosage as needed. It is also important to consume calcium and vitamin D to maintain bone health. 25

Metabolic Side Effect Management

To prevent metabolic side effects from entecavir, it is important to have regular blood sugar and lipid tests and make lifestyle changes as needed. For example, diet therapy and exercise therapy can be effective. 6

Immune System Side Effect Management

To prevent immune system side effects from entecavir, it is important to have regular immune system checkups and adjust the dosage as needed. It is also important to receive appropriate treatment if symptoms of autoimmune disease appear. 3

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

These studies indicate that entecavir is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. However, they also indicate that entecavir can have several side effects. These studies suggest that the risk of side effects must be considered when using entecavir, and regular checkups are necessary.

Differences Between Studies

These studies may show differences in the type, severity, and incidence of side effects caused by entecavir. This is thought to be due to differences in the patients participating in the study, such as age, sex, and underlying conditions, and differences in the dosage and duration of entecavir administration. Therefore, it is important to develop an individualized treatment plan for each patient when using entecavir.

Points to Note About Application to Real Life

Entecavir is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but it can have several side effects. When using entecavir, it is important to consider the risk of side effects and have regular checkups. It is also important to follow your doctor's instructions when using entecavir. Do not take or stop entecavir without consulting your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies suggest that the risk of side effects must be considered when using entecavir, and regular checkups are necessary. However, the mechanism and cause of side effects caused by entecavir are not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is not possible to completely prevent or treat side effects from entecavir. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism and cause of side effects from entecavir.

Future Research Directions

It is important to conduct further research on the side effects of entecavir to elucidate the mechanism and cause of the side effects. It is also important to develop new drugs and therapies to reduce or prevent side effects from entecavir.

Conclusion

Entecavir is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but it can have several side effects. When using entecavir, it is important to consider the risk of side effects and have regular checkups. It is also important to follow your doctor's instructions when using entecavir. Do not take or stop entecavir without consulting your doctor.

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
3
Article Type
3
1
1
7
25
1.

Renal and bone side effects of long-term use of entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in patients with Hepatitis B: a network meta-analysis.

Author: LiuZekun, ZhaoZhenzhen, MaXuefeng, LiuShousheng, XinYongning

CHB treatment
ETV efficacy
TAF efficacy
Bone tissue
Renal function

This meta-analysis found that long-term administration of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) resulted in greater adverse effects on both renal function and bone tissue compared to entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) for chronic hepatitis B patients.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

IFN-α induced systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report and literature review.

Author: ZengZhipeng, TuWei, JiBai, LiuJie, HuangKecheng, NieDaan, YangLiu

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe and life-threatening inflammatory condition. This case study reports an unusual complication of HLH occurring during the treatment of drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) in a 31-year-old male patient. The patient was successfully treated with a combination therapy.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Inverse Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis of Entecavir and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Large-Scale Multicenter Study.

Author: KimJihye, HurMoon Haeng, KimSeung Up, KimJin-Wook, SinnDong Hyun, LeeHyun Woong, KimMoon Young, CheongJae Youn, JungYong Jin, LeeHan Ah, JinYoung-Joo, YoonJun Sik, ParkSung-Jae, LeeChang Hun, KimIn Hee, LeeJune Sung, ChoYoung Youn, KimHyung Joon, ParkSoo Young, SeoYeon Seok, OhHyunwoo, JunDae Won, KimMi Na, ChangYoung, JangJae Young, HwangSang Youn, KimYoon Jun

Similar HCC prevention
Side effects

This study compared the long-term effectiveness of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The results showed that both treatments were comparable in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), death, liver transplantation, and other outcomes. However, more patients in the TDF group changed initial antivirals due to side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Bone loss in hepatitis B virus-infected patients can be associated with greater osteoclastic activity independently of the retroviral use.

Author: DessordiRenata, WatanabeLigia Moriguchi, GuimarãesMariana Palma, RomãoElen Almeida, de Lourdes Candolo MartinelliAna, de Carvalho SantanaRodrigo, NavarroAnderson Marliere

Bone resorption

This study investigated the relationships between bone, hormonal, biochemical, and mineral parameters in patients with hepatitis B treated with nucleoside/nucleotide antiviral. Increased levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker, were found in all groups, suggesting high bone resorption activity in hepatitis B virus-infected patients regardless of antiviral use.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen kinetics after adding pegylated-interferon to nucleos(t)ids analogues in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients.

Author: BroquetasTeresa, Garcia-RetortilloMontserrat, MicóMiquel, CanillasLidia, PuigvehíMarc, CañeteNuria, CollSusana, ViuAna, HernandezJuan Jose, BessaXavier, CarriónJosé A

HBcrAg decrease
HBsAg decrease
Increased HBsAg loss rate
Side effects

Adding pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) to nucleos(t)ids analogues (NAs) therapy led to a greater and faster decrease in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. However, side effects of Peg-IFN can limit its use in clinical practice.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.

Language : English

11.

Comparison of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Entecavir in the Prophylaxis of HBV Reactivation.

Author: TokaBilal, KoksalAydin Seref, EminlerAhmet Tarik, TozluMukaddes, UslanMustafa Ihsan, ParlakErkan

HBV reactivation prevention
side effects

This study compared the efficacy of entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments (IST). Both drugs showed similar efficacy in preventing reactivation during the prophylaxis period, but reactivation was observed in some patients during the follow-up. Overall, both ETV and TDF appear to be effective for prophylaxis against HBV reactivation in patients undergoing IST.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Adverse events of nucleos(t)ide analogues for chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review.

Author: de FragaRaquel Scherer, Van VaisbergVictor, MendesLuiz Cláudio Alfaia, CarrilhoFlair José, OnoSuzane Kioko

Hepatitis B treatment
Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Headache
Nasopharyngitis

Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are widely used to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and are generally safe, with a low incidence of adverse events (AEs). The most common AEs reported in this review were abdominal pain/discomfort, nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infections, fatigue, and headache. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) had the highest density of AEs per patient treated, but more research is needed to confirm its safety profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Kushenin combined with entecavir for chronic hepatitis B: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WangYunxia, ZhangJiayuan, JinYuxia, XiaoXiao, ZhangQi

CHB treatment
Drug resistance
Side effects

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of kushenin (KS) combined with entecavir (ETV) for chronic hepatitis B.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Hepatitis B virus among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Antiviral impact in seroconversion, engraftment, and mortality in a Latin American center.

Author: BuzoBruno Fernando, RamosJéssica Fernandes, Marques RossettiRenata Ariza, SallesNanci, Mendrone-JúniorAlfredo, RochaVanderson, de Seixas Santos NastriAna Catharina

HBV prophylaxis
Engraftment impact

Antiviral drugs for hepatitis B virus reactivation in transplant recipients may impact neutrophil and platelet engraftment, requiring careful monitoring and management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

15.

Compare with safety and efficacy of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil combination therapy and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B patient with adefovir-resistant.

Author: LaiMing-Chun, LianJiang-Shan, ZhangWen-Jin, XuJun, ZhouLin, ZhengShu-Sen

Improved ALT
Improved HBV DNA
Hypophosphatemia
Renal impairment

This study compares the efficacy and safety of entecavir plus adefovir combination therapy versus tenofovir monotherapy in patients with adefovir-resistant chronic hepatitis B. While both treatments showed effectiveness, long-term use of entecavir plus adefovir may lead to hypophosphatemia and renal impairment.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effects of entecavir, tenofovir and telbivudine treatment on renal functions in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Author: KaraA V, YıldırımY, OzcicekF, AldemirM N, ArslanY, BayanK, ÇelenM K

Improved renal function
Renal dysfunction

Telbivudine was superior to entecavir and tenofovir in terms of renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

The effect of thymopentin add-on in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B after virus suppression by peginterferon plus entecavir therapy.

Author: MaYanpin, BaoXuli, XiongFang, WangJinhuan, GuNa, GuoJia, WuHuili, LuJun

Hepatitis B virus treatment
Hepatitis B virus

Thymopentin (TP5) in combination with interferon (IFN-a) effectively inhibited HBV cccDNA levels in HepG2.2.15 cells. In clinical trials, a 24-week TP5 add-on therapy was safe and tended to accelerate HBsAg decline in CHB patients with undetectable HBV-DNA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Switching Lamivudine with Adefovir Dipivoxil Combination Therapy to Entecavir Monotherapy Provides Better Viral Suppression and Kidney Safety.

Author: LianJiang-Shan, ZhangXiao-Lin, LuYing-Feng, ChenJian-Yang, ZhangYi-Min, JiaHong-Yu, ZhangZhe, YangYi-Da

Prevents renal damage
Reduces genetic mutation rate
Suppresses HBV-DNA

This study compared the efficacy and kidney safety of switching from lamivudine (LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combination therapy to entecavir (ETV) monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Switching to ETV monotherapy led to improved viral suppression, reduced genetic mutations, and prevented renal damage caused by the combination therapy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

A case of entecavir-associated bullous fixed drug eruption and a review of literature.

Author: TemizSelami Aykut, Özerİlkay, AtasevenArzu, FındıkSıddıka

Bullous drug reaction

This case report describes a rare case of entecavir-associated bullous drug reaction, highlighting the importance of considering this adverse effect in patients treated with entecavir for hepatitis B.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Risk of renal events during tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir antiviral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Author: LeeI-Cheng, ChaoYee, LiChung-Pin, SuChien-Wei, LanKeng-Hsin, LinHan-Chieh, HouMing-Chih, HuangYi-Hsiang

Antiviral Prophylaxis
AKI
CKD Progression
Kidney Injury
eGFR Reduction

This study looked at the risk of kidney problems in patients with hepatitis B who were receiving chemotherapy and taking either tenofovir or entecavir to prevent the virus from spreading. About one-third of the patients had some kidney problems, but there was no difference in risk between the two drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Recent progress in potential anti-hepatitis B virus agents: Structural and pharmacological perspectives.

Author: SunDejuan, ZhuLingjuan, YaoDahong, ChenLixia, FuLeilei, OuyangLiang

Antiviral effect
Nephrotoxicity
Resistant mutants

This review discusses the current anti-HBV drugs and potential novel HBV inhibitors. Despite the availability of interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs, curing HBV remains challenging due to low sustained response rates and side effects. Research on novel inhibitors holds promise for developing effective and safe treatments for HBV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

25.

Long-term safety and efficacy of nucleo(t)side analogue therapy in hepatitis B.

Author: ButiMaria, Riveiro-BarcielaMar, EstebanRafael

CHB treatment
Drug resistance

This review compares the long-term efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). All three drugs are highly effective, but TAF offers a more favorable safety profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

Treatment of hepatitis B: Is there still a role for interferon?

Author: ViganòMauro, GrossiGlenda, LoglioAlessandro, LamperticoPietro

CHB treatment
HBsAg seroclearance
Drug resistance
Side effects

This review compares the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN) and nucleot(s)ide analogues (NUCs). While NUCs achieve high virological suppression, Peg-IFN offers the potential for a sustained off-treatment response and HBsAg loss. The review emphasizes the importance of patient selection and on-treatment stopping rules to optimize treatment strategies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

2'-Fluoro-6'-methylene carbocyclic adenosine and its phosphoramidate prodrug: A novel anti-HBV agent, active against drug-resistant HBV mutants.

Author: SinghUma S, MulamoottilVarughese A, ChuChung K

Drug resistance
Drug resistance
Hepatitis B

2'-fluoro-6'-methylene carbocyclic adenosine (FMCA) and its phosphoramidate (FMCAP) have shown potential anti-HBV activity against drug-resistant mutants. These carbocyclic NAs may be utilized in combination therapies for curing drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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