Effects of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination has been shown to be effective in treating infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae. In one study, a mouse model of pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b was used to evaluate the efficacy of five antimicrobial agents. 9 Mice treated with ampicillin, cefamandole, chloramphenicol, erythromycin plus sulfisoxazole, or fludalanine plus pentizidone showed higher survival rates compared to the control group. The study also found that erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination was effective in treating acute otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in children. 10 In another study, 31 out of 35 patients with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae otitis were treated with erythromycin/sulfisoxazole combination, showing an impressive clinical response. 12

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

The combination of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole has shown effectiveness in treating infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, particularly in cases where ampicillin treatment has failed. 9 10 12 This combination may be a viable option for treating Haemophilus influenzae infections when other antibiotics are ineffective.

Risk Summary

Erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal problems like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe adverse effects such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) have also been reported. These side effects should be carefully monitored, especially in children. Close observation of the patient's condition during treatment is crucial.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination in treating Haemophilus influenzae infections. 9 10 12 These studies suggest that this combination might be a suitable alternative when other antibiotics prove ineffective. However, direct comparison between studies is challenging due to differences in model systems and treatment approaches.

Differences Between Studies

Studies employed varying model systems and treatment methods. For example, a study assessing the treatment effectiveness of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination on Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia utilized a mouse model and compared it to other antimicrobial agents like ampicillin and cefamandole. 9 Conversely, studies evaluating the treatment effectiveness on ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae acute otitis media involved clinical trials with children and did not include comparisons with other treatments. 10 12

Consistency and Discrepancies in the Results

While multiple studies indicate the effectiveness of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination in treating Haemophilus influenzae infections, the variability in model systems and treatment approaches makes direct comparison difficult. 9 10 12 Therefore, additional research is necessary to draw definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of this combination.

Cautions for Applying the Findings in Real-Life Situations

While erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination shows promise in treating Haemophilus influenzae infections, careful monitoring of the patient's condition during treatment is crucial, especially in children, due to the potential for severe side effects. Additionally, the emergence of resistant strains to antibiotics like ampicillin emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate antibiotics based on specific infection types. 12

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the efficacy of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination is still limited. Particularly, clinical trials involving children are relatively scarce, necessitating larger-scale trials for a more comprehensive understanding. Further research is needed to address the increasing prevalence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and to compare this combination with other antimicrobial agents.

Future Research Directions

To gain a clearer picture of the effectiveness and safety of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination, larger-scale clinical trials, especially those involving children, are required. Further research should address the emerging prevalence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and compare this combination with other antimicrobial agents.

Conclusion

Erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination demonstrates potential for treating Haemophilus influenzae infections, but it's essential to be aware of potential serious side effects. Close monitoring of patient condition during treatment is crucial, especially in children. Choosing the right antibiotics based on the specific infection is vital. 12 Further research is necessary to thoroughly assess the effectiveness and safety of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole combination.

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
0
0
1
12
1.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of four oral antibiotics against pathogens responsible for acute otitis media in children.

Author: Lambert-ZechovskyN, Mariani-KurkdjianP, DoitC, BourgeoisF, BingenE

Rapid bactericidal activity

Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid showed rapid bactericidal activity against common otitis media pathogens in vitro. Erythromycin had bacteriostatic effects on some bacteria but not others. Cefaclor had no bactericidal activity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

In vitro activity of orally administered antimicrobial agents against Haemophilus influenzae recovered from children monitored longitudinally in a group day-care center.

Author: GeorgeM J, KitchB, HendersonF W, GilliganP H

Effective against Haemophilus influenzae

Resistance to commonly used oral antimicrobial agents against Haemophilus influenzae remained stable in a day-care center between 1979 and 1987. While beta-lactamase production was prevalent (18%), susceptibility to amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and cefuroxime remained high (82%, 92%, and 93%, respectively).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Synergistic anti-Pneumocystis carinii effects of erythromycin and sulfisoxazole.

Author: HughesW T, KillmarJ T

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis prevention

Erythromycin and sulfisoxazole effectively prevented and treated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in immunosuppressed rats, suggesting its potential use in AIDS patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Oral cephalosporins in perspective.

Author: SmithG H

Intolerance

Oral cephalosporins have been used for 25 years to treat infections. Newer agents, such as cefaclor, cefuroxime axetil, and cefixime, are more effective against beta-lactamase-secreting strains but haven't proven to be superior to older therapies. These newer agents are more expensive and should be reserved for second- or third-line therapy when other options fail.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

National collaborative study of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae.

Author: DoernG V, JorgensenJ H, ThornsberryC, PrestonD A, TubertT, ReddingJ S, MaherL A

Haemophilus influenzae treatment
Antibiotic resistance

Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae was found to be 20% overall, with type b strains more likely to be resistant than non-type b strains. Cefamandole, cefaclor, cephalothin, and cephalexin were effective against most isolates, while erythromycin and sulfisoxazole were less effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Comparative efficacies of erythromycin-sulfisoxazole and cefaclor in acute otitis media: a double blind randomized trial.

Author: BergeronM G, AhronheimG, RichardJ E, RidingK, CronC, BryerD, MacdonaldN, BouchardM, YoungJ, DempseyE E

Effective otitis media treatment
Side effects

Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole (E/S) was found to be as effective as cefaclor in treating 119 children with acute otitis media. E/S was associated with more rapid improvement in otoscopic findings and may be superior for patients with bacteriologically sterile middle ear fluid.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Experimental pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae: observations on pathogenesis and treatment.

Author: EspositoA L, PenningtonJ E

Ampicillin efficacy
Pneumonia treatment

Ampicillin was the most effective antibiotic in treating pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in mice. The model was effective in evaluating the efficacy of five antimicrobial agents.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

The increasing incidence of Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. A cause of otitis media.

Author: SchwartzR, RodriguezW, KhanW, RossS

Otitis media treatment

Haemophilus influenzae was identified as a major pathogen in acute otitis media, with increasing resistance to ampicillin observed. Erythromycin/sulfisoxazole combination therapy was effective in treating ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae otitis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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