Effects of eslicarbazepine: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is an anti-seizure medication (ASM) taken once daily by mouth. ESL has been proven to be effective and well-tolerated in patients with epilepsy who have not responded well to other treatments. 20 More recently, ESL has also been found to be effective and well-tolerated as the first additional treatment in patients with epilepsy who have not responded well to other treatments. 20 ESL's mechanism of action is to inhibit voltage-dependent sodium channels. 3 Studies on the effectiveness and safety of ESL include research that analyzes side effects, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms, as well as research that investigates indicators such as blood lipid levels, sodium levels, and liver function. 23 12 14 17 Administration of ESL can alter the levels of specific amino acids in the brain. 15 It is important to understand that ESL can interact with other drugs, as this can have an effect on both drugs. 13 In addition, ESL can affect various aspects of health, including sleep quality, cognitive function, and bone density. 5 11 2

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

ESL has been proven to be effective and well-tolerated in patients with epilepsy who have not responded well to other treatments. 20 More recently, ESL has also been found to be effective and well-tolerated as the first additional treatment in patients with epilepsy who have not responded well to other treatments. 20

Risks Summary

ESL can cause side effects, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms. 23 Administration of ESL can affect indicators such as blood lipid levels, sodium levels, and liver function. 12 14 17 ESL can interact with other drugs. 13 ESL can affect various aspects of health, including sleep quality, cognitive function, and bone density. 5 11 2

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies have shown that ESL is effective and well-tolerated in patients with epilepsy who have not responded well to other treatments. 20 23 12 14 17

Differences

Studies use various indicators to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESL. 20 23 12 14 17 Also, the study groups and designs vary. 20 23 12 14 17

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Multiple studies have shown that ESL is effective and well-tolerated in patients with epilepsy who have not responded well to other treatments. 20 23 12 14 17 However, some studies have shown that ESL can cause side effects such as neuropsychiatric symptoms. 23 It has also been shown that administration of ESL can affect indicators such as blood lipid levels, sodium levels, and liver function. 12 14 17

Cautions for Real-World Applications

ESL is an effective treatment for partial-onset seizures, but you need to be aware of the risks, such as side effects and interactions with other medications. 20 23 12 14 17 If you are considering taking ESL, talk to your doctor and make sure you understand the risks and benefits.

Limitations of Current Research

Due to differences in study groups and designs, it can be challenging to compare and interpret results of research on ESL. 20 23 12 14 17 Moreover, there is not yet enough research on the long-term effects of ESL.

Future Research Directions

More research is needed on the long-term effects of ESL and its interactions with other medications. 20 23 12 14 17 Also, more research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of ESL.

Conclusion

ESL is an effective treatment for partial-onset seizures, but you need to be aware of the risks, such as side effects and interactions with other medications. 20 23 12 14 17 If you are considering taking ESL, talk to your doctor and make sure you understand the risks and benefits.

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
3
0
0
0
23
1.

Abuse liability assessment of eslicarbazepine acetate in healthy male and female recreational sedative users: A Phase I randomized controlled trial.

Author: Levy-CoopermanNaama, SchoedelKerri A, ChakrabortyBijan, BlumDavid, ChengHailong

Treat seizures
Dizziness
Somnolence

This Phase I study evaluated the abuse liability of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), a once-daily oral antiepileptic drug, compared with alprazolam (ALP) and placebo (PBO) in recreational CNS depressant users.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

A Prospective Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Eslicarbazepine Acetate Treatment on Bone Density and Metabolism in Patients with Focal-Onset Epilepsy.

Author: HirschMartin, ImmischIlka, KnakeSusanne, Schulze-BonhageAndreas

Epilepsy treatment
Bone health issues

This study investigated the potential adverse effects of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), a third-generation anti-seizure medication, on bone health. It aimed to determine whether ESL exposure for 12 months could affect bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers.

Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Complex effects of eslicarbazepine on inhibitory micro networks in chronic experimental epilepsy.

Author: SchmidtSarah, PothmannLeonie, Müller-KomorowskaDaniel, OpitzThoralf, Soares da SilvaPatrício, BeckHeinz

Reduced seizures

Eslicarbazepine (S-Lic), an antiseizure drug, unexpectedly reduced feed-forward inhibition in the CA1 region of the hippocampus at high concentrations, while potentiating feedback inhibition only in epileptic animals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Role of Human Arylacetamide Deacetylase (AADAC) on Hydrolysis of Eslicarbazepine Acetate and Effects of <i>AADAC</i> Genetic Polymorphisms on Hydrolase Activity.

Author: HirosawaKeiya, FukamiTatsuki, TashiroKiyomichi, SakaiYoshiyuki, KisuiFumiya, NakanoMasataka, NakajimaMiki

Drug activation
Improved drug response
Drug toxicity

Human arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) is responsible for the hydrolysis of eslicarbazepine acetate, an antiepileptic prodrug, to eslicarbazepine, an active form, in the human liver and intestines. Several *AADAC* polymorphic alleles would be a factor affecting the enzyme activity and drug response.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of eslicarbazepine as add-on therapy on sleep architecture in temporal lobe epilepsy: results from "Esleep" study.

Author: RomigiAndrea, D'AnielloAlfredo, CaccamoMarco, VitraniGiuseppe, CasciatoSara, Di GioiaBattista, TestaFederica, CentonzeDiego, Di GennaroGiancarlo

Improved sleep quality

Eslicarbazepine (ESL) as add-on therapy in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) showed significant improvement in sleep continuity as measured by cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) parameters. This suggests that ESL may positively modulate sleep fragmentation and enhance sleep quality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Effects of carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, valproic acid and levetiracetam on bone microarchitecture in rats.

Author: DiemarSarah Seberg, SejlingAnne-Sophie, EikenPia, EllegaardMaria, DingMing, AndersenNoémi Becser, JørgensenNiklas Rye

Bone loss
Fracture risk

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to contribute to bone loss, which can increase fracture risk in patients with epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate the effects of AEDs on bone microstructure to better understand their role in fracture risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Comparative neuropsychological effects of carbamazepine and eslicarbazepine acetate.

Author: MeadorKimford J, SeligerJordan, BoydAlan, RazaviBabak, Falco-WalterJessica, LeScheherazade, LoringDavid W

Neuropsychological function
Neuropsychological dysfunction

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) showed less adverse neuropsychological effects compared to carbamazepine (CBZ) in a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers. ESL was particularly beneficial for executive function and selective attention, suggesting it might be a more neuropsychologically well-tolerated antiseizure medication.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of eslicarbazepine on slow inactivation processes of sodium channels in dentate gyrus granule cells.

Author: HoltkampDominik, OpitzThoralf, HebeisenSimon, Soares-da-SilvaPatrício, BeckHeinz

Sodium channel activity

Pharmacoresistance is a challenge in epilepsy treatment. This study investigates the effects of (S)-licarbazepine on sodium channel inactivation in control and epileptic tissue. While the drug's effects on fast inactivation are well understood, its impact on slow inactivation processes in epilepsy remains unknown.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

The ROME (Retrospective Observational Multicenter study on Eslicarbazepine) study: Efficacy and behavioural effects of Eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive therapy for adults with partial onset seizures in real life.

Author: AssenzaG, MecarelliO, LanzoneJ, AssenzaF, TombiniM, Di LazzaroV, PulitanoP

Quality of life improvement
Seizure control

Eslicarbazepine acetate, a third-generation dibenzazepine, is effective in reducing seizure frequency and improving quality of life in patients with partial-onset seizures.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

10.

Effects of adjunctive eslicarbazepine acetate on serum lipids in patients with partial-onset seizures: Impact of concomitant statins and enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs.

Author: MintzerScott, WechslerRobert T, RoginJoanne B, GidalBarry E, SchwabMatthias, Ben-MenachemElinor, CarreñoMar, da SilvaPatrício Soares, MoreiraJoana, LiYan, BlumDavid, GrinnellTodd

No significant effect on lipids

Eslicarbazepine acetate, an antiepileptic drug, had no clinically significant effects on serum lipid levels. The interaction with statins did not significantly impact lipid concentrations.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Effects of adjunctive eslicarbazepine acetate on neurocognitive functioning in children with refractory focal-onset seizures.

Author: JóźwiakSergiusz, VeggiottiP, MoreiraJ, GamaH, RochaF, Soares-da-SilvaP

Seizure frequency reduction
Episodic memory impairment

ESL did not produce statistically significant effects on neurocognitive and behavioral functioning in patients with epilepsy aged 6 to 16years.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on lipid profile and sodium levels in patients with epilepsy.

Author: PulitanoPatrizia, FrancoValentina, MecarelliOriano, BrienzaMarianna, DavassiChiara, RussoEmilio

Increased serum lipid levels

Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs can increase serum lipid levels. This study investigates the changes in lipid profile and sodium levels in patients with epilepsy taking eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) as adjunctive therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Evidence for a pharmacokinetic interaction between eslicarbazepine and rosuvastatin: Potential effects on xenobiotic transporters.

Author: GidalBarry E, MintzerScott, SchwabMatthias, SchutzRalph, KharidiaJahnavi, BlumDavid, GrinnellTodd, SunkaraneniSoujanya

Safe co-administration
Drug interactions

This study examines the effect of multiple-dose eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), an antiepileptic drug, on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a single dose of rosuvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in healthy subjects.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Assessing long-term effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on lipid metabolism profile, sodium values and liver function tests.

Author: LeyM, PrincipeA, Jiménez-CondeJ, RocamoraR

Less hyponatremia risk
Less lipid metabolism effects

This study aims to assess the effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on lipid metabolism profile, sodium values, and liver function tests, comparing them to previous effects of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

15.

Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on acute and chronic latrunculin A-induced seizures and extracellular amino acid levels in the mouse hippocampus.

Author: Sierra-ParedesGermán, LoureiroAna I, WrightLyndon C, Sierra-MarcuñoGermán, Soares-da-SilvaPatrício

Epileptic seizure treatment
Eslicarbazepine acetate effectiveness

This study investigated the effects of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), a novel antiepileptic drug, on acute and chronic seizures induced by latrunculin A, a drug that disrupts the cytoskeleton and causes seizures in mice. ESL was found to reduce the severity and duration of seizures in mice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Lipid profile with eslicarbazepine acetate and carbamazepine monotherapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed focal seizures: <i>post hoc</i> analysis of a phase III trial and open-label extension study.

Author: TrinkaEugen, RocamoraRodrigo, ChavesJoão, KoeppMathias J, RüeggStephan, HoltkampMartin, MoreiraJoana, FonsecaMiguel M, Castilla-FernándezGuillermo, IkedoFábio

Reduced lipid levels

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) monotherapy resulted in a lower proportion of patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy having increased levels of total and LDL cholesterol, compared to baseline, following monotherapy with ESL.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Time to baseline seizure count in patients with focal seizures receiving adjunctive eslicarbazepine acetate in a phase IV clinical trial.

Author: AboumatarSami, KrishnaiengarSuparna R, CantuDavid, ZhangYi, GrinnellTodd

Epilepsy treatment
Well tolerated

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated in treatment-resistant epilepsy patients. This study explores the efficacy and tolerability of ESL as first adjunctive therapy in non-treatment-resistant patients with focal seizures.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Eslicarbazepine Acetate as Adjunctive Therapy for Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures in Adults: A Prospective Observational Study.

Author: WinterYaroslav, SandnerKatharina, ViethThomas Ludger, MelzerNico, KlimpeSven, MeuthSven G, GroppaSergiu

Seizure reduction
Dizziness
Headache
Hyponatremia
Nausea
Tiredness

This observational study of 56 adult patients with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS) treated with eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) as adjunctive therapy found that ESL may provide additional benefits in the treatment of patients with PGTCS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Psychiatric adverse events in three phase III trials of eslicarbazepine acetate for focal seizures.

Author: AltalibHamada, GrinnellTodd, CantuDavid, IkedoFábio, VieiraMariana, ZhangYi, BlumDavid

Focal seizure treatment
Psychiatric TEAEs

This study evaluated risk factors for the development of psychiatric treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in patients taking eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL). ESL is an anti-seizure medication that is used to treat focal seizures. The researchers found that the risk of TEAEs was increased in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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