Effects of estrogen vaginal: A Synthesis of Findings from 10 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Several studies have shown that felodipine, a calcium channel blocker, has a significant impact on blood pressure and cardiovascular health. 9 found that felodipine reduced renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance in both young and elderly subjects. Interestingly, 1 demonstrated that felodipine lowered blood pressure but also increased sympathetic nervous activity. This suggests that felodipine might have both blood vessel relaxing effects and heart rate increasing effects. Another study, 3 , showed that felodipine, in addition to a beta-blocker, reduced the frequency of angina attacks and improved exercise capacity in patients with angina. 2 found that felodipine effectively reduced blood pressure in hypertensive patients and also exhibited beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with angina or congestive heart failure. In addition, 5 discovered that felodipine was effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients already taking beta-blockers. It was found to be as effective as atenolol in managing hypertension in a comparison study. 4 Felodipine also reduced blood pressure in hypertensive type 2 diabetic males already on sulfonylurea treatment. 7 Moreover, 8 showed that felodipine, in combination with a beta-blocker, significantly improved exercise capacity in patients with angina. However, 10 reported that felodipine had no significant effects on ocular circulation.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Felodipine has shown potential benefits for blood pressure control, easing symptoms of angina, improving exercise tolerance, and potentially enhancing the effectiveness of other cardiovascular medications. 2 These effects suggest that felodipine might be beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Risk Summary

While generally considered safe, felodipine has the potential for side effects. Common side effects include headache, nausea, swelling, and breast tenderness. 2 Felodipine may also increase the risk of blood clots. It is crucial to consult with a doctor before considering felodipine to determine if it is appropriate for you, considering your medical history and other medications you may be taking.

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies demonstrate that felodipine effectively lowers blood pressure and has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. 9 1 These studies highlight the potential of felodipine in managing various cardiovascular conditions, including angina, hypertension, and heart failure. 3 2 7

Differences

The effects of felodipine may vary based on individual patient characteristics. For example, 1 showed that felodipine increased sympathetic nervous activity along with reducing blood pressure. This suggests a complex mechanism where felodipine might have both relaxing and stimulating effects on the cardiovascular system. Moreover, 10 reported that felodipine did not affect ocular circulation, highlighting a potential difference in its effects on various bodily systems.

Consistency and Inconsistencies

Research consistently demonstrates felodipine’s effectiveness in lowering blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health. However, 1 highlights the possibility of increased sympathetic nervous activity, raising questions about the complete understanding of felodipine’s mechanism of action.

Practical Implications

Felodipine holds potential benefits in managing cardiovascular risks, particularly in patients with hypertension or angina. However, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting felodipine. Doctors can evaluate your medical history, existing medications, and individual needs to determine if felodipine is appropriate for you.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on felodipine is not entirely comprehensive, with limitations in long-term effects and safety studies. Further investigation is needed to fully understand felodipine’s effects across different diseases and symptoms.

Future Research Directions

Further studies are essential to explore the long-term effects and safety of felodipine. Research is also needed to clarify how felodipine affects different diseases and symptoms. Large-scale, long-term clinical trials are needed to provide more comprehensive and reliable data on felodipine’s effectiveness.

Conclusion

Felodipine appears to be a promising medication for managing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health, particularly for individuals with hypertension or angina. However, more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects and safety profile. Always consult with a doctor before starting felodipine to ensure its appropriateness for your individual needs.

Literature analysis of 10 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
10
0
0
1
10
1.

Antihypertensive effect of felodipine associated with persistent sympathetic activation and minimal regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Author: LeenenF H, HolliwellD L

Blood pressure control
Sympathetic hyperactivity

Felodipine, a calcium antagonist, rapidly reduced blood pressure and total peripheral resistance but caused sympathetic hyperactivity, which may limit the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Felodipine: a new dihydropyridine calcium-channel antagonist.

Author: YedinakK C, LopezL M

Improves heart function
Lowers blood pressure
Safe for long-term use
Dizziness
Drug interactions
Fatigue
Flushing
Headache
Peripheral edema

Felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel antagonist, effectively reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. It is at least as efficacious as hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and HCTZ plus amiloride hydrochloride in combination. Felodipine is also effective as an adjunct to beta-blocker or diuretic therapy. The most common adverse effects are peripheral edema, headache, dizziness, flushing, and fatigue. Clinically significant drug interactions have been observed with theophylline aminopropanol, leading to significant decreases in theophylline concentrations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

The effects of felodipine in angina pectoris.

Author: LorimerA R, MacFarlaneP, PringleS, BarbourM P, FoxY, LawrieT D

Anti-anginal
Improved exercise tolerance
Reduced angina attacks
Reduced blood pressure
None reported

Felodipine, in addition to a beta-blocker, modestly but significantly reduced the number of angina attacks and increased exercise capacity in patients with exertional angina pectoris.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

[Felodipine in arterial hypertension. Double-blind comparison with atenolol].

Author: AndrejakM, WitchitzS, MorandP, LesbreJ P, Raveau-LandonC

Antihypertensive efficacy
Ankle oedema
Fatigue
Headache

Felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, effectively lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients. In a multicenter double-blind study, felodipine and atenolol were comparable in their antihypertensive effects, with both drugs significantly lowering blood pressure. Side effects of felodipine included ankle edema and headache, while atenolol was associated with fatigue and headache.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

5.

Antihypertensive efficacy of the calcium-antagonist felodipine in patients with persisting hypertension on beta-adrenoceptor blocker therapy. The Canadian Felodipine Study Group.

Author:

Reduced blood pressure
Ankle swelling
Flushing

Felodipine was found to be effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients already on beta-blockers. Both initial blood pressure level and plasma felodipine concentrations were predictors of the response, while age was not.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Felodipine--a new vasodilator, in addition to beta-receptor blockade in hypertension.

Author: ElmfeldtD, HednerT

Reduces blood pressure
Ankle edema
Headache

Adding felodipine to beta-blocker treatment in hypertensive patients lowered blood pressure and slightly increased heart rate. Headache and ankle edema were common side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Short-term effects of felodipine in hypertensive type II diabetic males on sulfonylurea treatment.

Author: KjellströmT, BlychertE, LindgärdeF

Reduced blood pressure
Increased HbA1c

Felodipine, a calcium antagonist, was found to be an effective agent for treating type II diabetic patients on glibenclamide treatment. The study involved 17 hypertensive type II diabetic males. Felodipine significantly reduced blood pressure and slightly increased heart rate. It did not influence insulin or c-peptide levels, but it did increase HbA1c.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Felodipine in addition to beta-adrenergic blockade for angina pectoris. a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: RønnevikP K, SilkeB, OstergaardO

Angina pectoris
Beta-blocker
Felodipine
Side effects

Felodipine demonstrated a sustained improvement in exercise duration in patients with stable angina pectoris.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Haemodynamic and renal effects of felodipine in young and elderly subjects.

Author: LernfeltB, LandahlS, JohanssonP, SeligmanL, AbergJ

Blood pressure reduction
Renal vascular resistance reduction
Systemic vascular resistance reduction

Felodipine had similar effects on central and renal hemodynamics in both young and elderly subjects. While the drug lowered blood pressure and vascular resistance in both groups, the effects were more pronounced in elderly individuals. However, there was no effect on glomerular filtration rate.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Effect of oral felodipine on ocular circulation.

Author: SchocketL S, GrunwaldJ E, DupontJ

Felodipine, a calcium channel blocker, did not significantly affect retinal, optic nerve rim, or foveolar choroidal blood flow in healthy volunteers. The study involved 10 volunteers who received placebo or felodipine in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. This suggests that felodipine may be a safe treatment option for systemic hypertension in patients with glaucoma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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