Side Effects of exemestane: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Exemestane is an aromatase inhibitor that is used to treat breast cancer. 4 Exemestane works by blocking the production of estrogen, which can help to stop the growth of breast cancer cells. However, exemestane can have side effects, including bone loss, digestive problems, and skin rashes. 4 10 17 Some studies have also shown that exemestane can interact with digestive enzymes, which may contribute to gastrointestinal side effects. 10

Reasons for Side Effects

Exemestane is a drug that inhibits the production of estrogen by inhibiting aromatase. 4 This action can suppress the growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. However, estrogen plays an important role in bone formation and maintenance, cardiovascular health, and cognitive function. Therefore, exemestane can cause side effects such as bone loss, cardiovascular problems, and cognitive decline. 11 Exemestane can also interact with digestive enzymes and cause gastrointestinal side effects. 10

Common Side Effects

Bone Loss

Exemestane can cause bone loss. 4 This is because estrogen plays an important role in bone formation and maintenance. 11

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Exemestane can cause gastrointestinal side effects. 10 Specifically, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea have been reported.

Skin Rash

Exemestane can cause skin rashes and other side effects. 17

Eye Symptoms

Exemestane can cause eye symptoms. 9 Specifically, decreased vision, eye pain, glare, and blepharitis have been reported.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Bone Loss

To prevent bone loss, it is important to consume calcium and vitamin D, and exercise regularly. 11 If bone loss is progressing, medications such as bisphosphonates may be prescribed.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

If you are concerned about gastrointestinal side effects, consult your doctor. Appropriate measures such as diet therapy or drug therapy will be taken.

Skin Rash

If you develop a skin rash, consult your doctor. Appropriate treatment such as topical steroid medication will be taken.

Eye Symptoms

If you develop eye symptoms, consult an ophthalmologist.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Multiple studies have reported that exemestane may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal problems, bone, skin, and eye symptoms.

Differences Between Studies

There are differences in the types, severity, and frequency of side effects reported in each study. Also, because the patient populations and research methods differ from study to study, it is not possible to make a direct comparison.

Precautions for Real-Life Applications

Exemestane is an effective drug for the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but it can cause various side effects. 4 If you are taking exemestane, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and be aware of potential side effects. It is also important to consult your doctor regularly and manage your health appropriately.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still much that is unknown about the side effects of exemestane. Further research is needed.

Future Directions for Research

It is important to elucidate the mechanism of side effects caused by exemestane and develop new treatments to reduce side effects. It is also important to develop indicators to predict the risk of side effects from exemestane.

Conclusion

Exemestane is an effective drug for the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but it can cause side effects such as bone loss, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rashes, and eye symptoms. 4 , 10 , 17 , 9 If you are taking exemestane, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and be aware of potential side effects.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
0
2
1
6
21
1.

An evidence based systematic review of remifentanil associated opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Author: RivosecchiRyan M, RiceMark J, SmithburgerPamela L, BuckleyMitchell S, CoonsJames C, Kane-GillSandra L

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia
Respiratory depression

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a concerning side effect of therapeutic opioid use. While opioids are known for their effects on bradycardia and respiratory depression, OIH remains an area of active research to better understand its mechanisms and management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

[Combination of exemestane and everolimus may produce toxic side effects: a new treatment option for metastatic hormone-sensitive breast cancer].

Author: VincentJeroen, de BoerMaaike, LobbezooDorien J A, SmeetsRuud E H, Tjan-HeijnenVivianne C G

Breast cancer treatment
Side effects

The combination of exemestane and everolimus is a new treatment option for metastatic hormone-sensitive breast cancer. This article discusses the efficacy and common side effects of this treatment, along with recommendations for their management.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Dutch

4.

Combinatorial Chemosensitive Nanomedicine Approach for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Author: GuptaPriya, NeupaneYub Raj, ParvezSuhel, KohliKanchan, SultanaYasmin

Bone protection
Breast cancer treatment
Chemoresistance overcome

This study proposes a novel lipid nanocarrier system to deliver exemestane, an aromatase inhibitor for breast cancer, along with thymoquinone, a natural chemosensitizer and bone protector, to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Identification of the NRF2 transcriptional network as a therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Author: VasavdaChirag, XuRisheng, LiewJason, KothariRuchita, DhindsaRyan S, SemenzaEvan R, PaulBindu D, GreenDustin P, SabbaghMark F, ShinJoseph Y, YangWuyang, SnowmanAdele M, AlbacarysLauren K, MoghekarAbhay, Pardo-VillamizarCarlos A, LucianoMark, HuangJudy, BettegowdaChetan, KwatraShawn G, DongXinzhong, LimMichael, SnyderSolomon H

Trigeminal neuralgia treatment
Side effects

This study identifies the NRF2 transcriptional network as a potential therapeutic target for trigeminal neuralgia, a debilitating pain condition. The study found that oxidative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with trigeminal neuralgia activates the pain-transducing channel TRPA1. Stimulating the NRF2 pathway with the FDA-approved drug exemestane may be a promising alternative treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Safety and Efficacy of RAD001 (Everolimus) Administered Upon Relapse During or After Adjuvant Treatment in Post-menopausal Women With Hormone Receptor Positive, HER2/neu Negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (CRAD001JGR08 "MELPOMENI" study).

Author: AlexopoulosAthanasios, KaranikiotisCharisios, ArdavanisAlexandros, BoukovinasIoannis, MakrantonakisParisios, PapadimitriouChristos, AthanasiadisAthanasios, BoutisAnastasios, GiassasStylianos, KakolyrisStylianos, KoumakisGeorgios, PapazisisKonstantinos, PsyrriAdamantia, ZirasNikolaos, BakaSofia, KentepozidisNikolaos, MichalakiVasiliki

Treat breast cancer

This study aims to provide real-world safety and effectiveness data for the combination of everolimus (EVE) and exemestane (EXE) in estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>-</sup>) advanced breast cancer (aBC).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

15.

Comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen, toremifene, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane on lipid profiles in breast cancer patients: A network meta-analysis.

Author: HeTao, YangWenhao, ZhangXinyi, LiPing, YangDandan, WuYunhao, FanYuan, XiangMengya, HuangQianqian, ChenJing, ZhouRunke, LvQing, ChenJie

Breast cancer treatment
Lipid profile changes

This network meta-analysis examines the impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy on serum lipids in breast cancer patients. The aim is to investigate the influence of different endocrine modalities on lipid profiles, considering the potential complications associated with lipid changes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

18.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome during aromatase inhibitors therapy: A case report and review of the literature.

Author: TentiSara, GiordanoNicola, CutoloMaurizio, GianniniFabio, FioravantiAntonella

Breast cancer treatment
Bone density reduction
Menopausal symptoms
Musculoskeletal symptoms

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used to treat estrogen-sensitive breast and ovarian cancer. While effective, they can cause side effects like bone loss, menopausal symptoms, and musculoskeletal issues. Some women may develop autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or Sjogren syndrome.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Everolimus-induced pulmonary toxicity: Findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

Author: DejustSebastien, MorlandDavid, Bruna-MurailleClaire, EymardJean-Christophe, YazbekGabriel, SavoyeAude-Marie, PapathanassiouDimitri

Breast cancer treatment
Lung side effects detection
Everolimus lung side effects
Pneumopathy
Pseudotumoral aspect

This retrospective study investigated the frequency and imaging characteristics of everolimus lung side effects on F-FDG PET/CT in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with the everolimus-exemestane combination. The study found that pleuroparenchymal anomalies were detected in 62% of patients, with alveolar-interstitial lesions being the most common. The number of segments involved was significantly higher in patients with severe pneumopathy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

20.

Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Hormone-positive Breast Cancer, Focusing on Ovarian Suppression and Extended Treatment: An Update.

Author: GlassmanDaniel, HignettSue, RehmanShazza, LinforthRichard, SalhabMohamed

Adjuvant endocrine therapy
Side effects
Toxicity

This review discusses the current evidence for adjuvant endocrine therapy in ER-positive early breast cancer, focusing on extended adjuvant endocrine therapy and ovarian suppression. While 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy is beneficial, extended therapy and ovarian suppression may offer significant advantages in selected patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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