Side Effects of ezetimibe: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Ezetimibe, when combined with statins, has been shown to effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels in numerous studies. 11

Ezetimibe has been reported to be safer than statins, with a lower risk of muscle-related side effects. 11

Ezetimibe may potentially impact liver function, emphasizing the importance of conducting liver function tests prior to its administration. 1

Reasons for side effects

Ezetimibe reduces LDL cholesterol levels by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine. This can lead to increased cholesterol production in the liver, potentially affecting liver function. 14

Common side effects

Digestive System

Ezetimibe has been associated with digestive system side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. 14

Liver Function

Ezetimibe may have an impact on liver function. Liver function tests might reveal elevated levels of liver enzymes like AST and ALT. 1

Countermeasures for side effects

Digestive System Side Effects

If you experience digestive system side effects, consult your doctor for appropriate treatment based on your symptoms. Dietary adjustments and lifestyle changes can also be helpful. 14

Liver Dysfunction

In case of liver dysfunction, ezetimibe administration should be stopped, and you should consult your doctor. 1

Comparison between studies

Commonalities in research

Multiple studies have indicated that ezetimibe has a lower risk of muscle-related side effects compared to statins. 11

Differences in research

There are differences in research findings regarding the effect of ezetimibe on liver function. 1

Points to note for applying to real life

Ezetimibe is a highly effective drug for lowering LDL cholesterol levels, but it comes with the risk of side effects. Therefore, when taking ezetimibe, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and undergo regular liver function tests. 14

Limitations of current research

The long-term safety of ezetimibe is not yet fully understood. 11

Future research directions

Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the long-term safety and efficacy of ezetimibe. 11

Conclusion

Numerous studies have shown that ezetimibe, when combined with statins, effectively lowers LDL cholesterol levels. Ezetimibe is considered safer than statins with fewer side effects, but it may impact liver function. Therefore, adhering to your doctor's instructions and undergoing regular liver function tests are essential when taking ezetimibe. 11

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
0
1
1
10
20
1.

Severe hepatic side effects of ezetimibe.

Author: StolkMark F J, BecxMarco C J M, KuypersKarel C, SeldenrijkCees A

Autoimmune hepatitis
Cholestatic hepatitis
Hepatotoxicity

Ezetimibe may rarely cause severe hepatic side effects, including cholestatic hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Misperceptions and management of LDL-cholesterol in secondary prevention of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in cardiology practice: Real-life evidence from the EPHESUS registry.

Author: KayıkciogluMeral, BaşaranÖzcan, DoğanVolkan, MertKadir Uğur, MertGurbet Özge, Özdemirİbrahim Halil, Rencüzoğullarıİbrahim, KaradenizFatma Özpamuk, TekinalpMehmet, AşkınLütfü, DemirelliSelami, GencerErkan, BekarLütfü, AktaşMüjdat, ResulzadeMübariz Murat, KalçıkMacit, AksanGökhan, CinierGöksel, AkayKadriye Halli, PekelNihat, Utku Şenol, DemirVahit, İnciSinan, DervişEmir, ÖzlekBülent, ÖzlekEda, ÇelikOğuzhan, ÇilCem, BitekerMurat

This study evaluated the management of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in cardiology practice, highlighting the importance of achieving LDL-C goals to prevent complications of this inherited disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Established and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.

Author: MichaeliDaniel Tobias, MichaeliJulia Caroline, AlbersSebastian, BochTobias, MichaeliThomas

Reduced cardiovascular events

This review discusses established and emerging lipid-lowering drugs, including their mechanism of action, clinical trials, side effects, and effects on blood lipids. The review highlights the need for new treatment modalities that target specific cellular pathways to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

LDL cholesterol targets rarely achieved in familial hypercholesterolemia patients: A sex and gender-specific analysis.

Author: SchreuderM M, HamkourS, SiegersK E, HolvenK B, JohansenA K, van de ReeM A, ImholzB, BoersmaE, LoutersL, BogsrudM P, RetterstølK, VisserenF L J, Roeters van LennepJ E, KoopalC

FH management
LDL-C target attainment
Statin side effects

This cross-sectional study examined LDL-C target attainment and reasons for non-attainment in female and male patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Only a minority of patients (26.9% of women and 28.9% of men) achieved their LDL-C target. Women were less likely to receive high-intensity statins and ezetimibe, and the most common reasons for non-attainment were insufficient treatment effect and side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Management of Statin Intolerant Patients in the Era of Novel Lipid Lowering Therapies: A Critical Approach in Clinical Practice.

Author: BoscoGiosiana, Di Giacomo BarbagalloFrancesco, SpampinatoSalvatore, LanzafameLorena, Di PinoAntonino, PiroSalvatore, PurrelloFrancesco, ScicaliRoberto

Cardiovascular risk reduction
Lipid lowering
Statin intolerance

Statin intolerance (SI) is a common challenge in managing cardiovascular risk. This review discusses the management of SI, emphasizing non-statin lipid-lowering therapies, such as ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, and bempedoic acid, as alternatives for patients unable to tolerate statins.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Inclisiran-Safety and Effectiveness of Small Interfering RNA in Inhibition of PCSK-9.

Author: WołowiecŁukasz, OsiakJoanna, WołowiecAnna, WijataAleksandra, GrześkElżbieta, KozakiewiczMariusz, BanachJoanna, NowaczykAlicja, NowaczykJacek, GrześkGrzegorz

LDL-C reduction
Side effects

Inclisiran, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that inhibits PCSK9 expression, is a new drug for lowering LDL-cholesterol. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of inclisiran.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Lipid-Lowering Trials Are Not Representative of Patients Managed in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exclusion Criteria.

Author: Aeschbacher-GermannMartina, KaiserNathalie, SpeiererAlexandre, BlumManuel R, BauerDouglas C, Del GiovaneCinzia, AujeskyDrahomir, GencerBaris, RodondiNicolas, MoutzouriElisavet

Reduced cholesterol

This study found that a majority of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating lipid-lowering therapies excluded patients with common diseases such as kidney failure, heart failure, or immunosuppression. This lack of representation of these patient groups may limit the generalizability of study findings and create uncertainty regarding potential side effects and efficacy in these populations. The authors emphasize the need for future trials to increase diversity in recruitment strategies and promote equity in cardiovascular research.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Bempedoic Acid's Use as an Adjunct in Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review.

Author: GoitRaman, SaddikSamia E, DawoodSarah N, RabihAhmad M, NiajAhmad, RamanAishwarya, UpretyManish, CaleroMaria Jose, VillanuevaMaria Resah B, JoshaghaniNarges, VillaNicole, BadlaOmar, KhanSafeera

Lower LDL-C
Reduce CAD risk
Uric acid increase

Bempedoic acid (BDA) is a new lipid-lowering drug that inhibits adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase. This review evaluated the efficacy and safety of BDA in lowering LDL-C levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). BDA in combination with ezetimibe showed good evidence of LDL-C lowering effects. In patients on maximally tolerated statins, BDA significantly reduced LDL-C levels, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), and triglyceride levels. BDA appears to be a promising alternative to current lipid-lowering agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Unmet Need for Further LDL-C Lowering in India despite Statin Therapy: Lipid Association of India Recommendations for the Use of Bempedoic Acid.

Author: MehtaVimal, PuriRaman, DuellP Barton, IyengarS S, WongNathan D, YusufJamal, MukhopadhyaySaibal, PradhanAkshaya, MuruganathanArumugam, WangnooS K, KapoorDheeraj, RastogiAshu, TiwaskarMangesh H, MahajanKunal, NarasinganS N, AgarwalaRajeev, BordoloiNeil, SoumitraKumar, ChakrabortyRabin, ShettySadanand, SabooBansi, KhanAziz, PrabhakarD, KhannaNarendra Nath, MehtaAshwani, BansalManish, KasliwalRavi, MehrotraRahul, ChagMilan, SheikhAltamesh, SatturGururaj Balvantrao, ManoriaP C, PareekK K, PancholiaA K, MelinkerRashida Patanwala, NandaRashmi, KalraDinesh

LDL-C lowering
Reduced adverse CV events
Muscle-related side effects
New-onset or worsening diabetes

This LAI consensus document discusses the pharmacology, indications, contraindications, advantages, and evidence-based recommendations for the use of bempedoic acid in clinical practice. Bempedoic acid is a welcome addition to existing non-statin therapies for patients with very high baseline LDL-C levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Lipid Lowering Therapy: An Era Beyond Statins.

Author: Abdul-RahmanToufik, BukhariSyed Muhammad Awais, HerreraEmiliano Cantu, AwuahWireko Andrew, LawrenceJannel, de AndradeHeloisa, PatelNeal, ShahRohan, ShaikhRaheel, CaprilesCamilo Andrés Avendaño, UlusanSebahat, AhmadShahzaib, CorrieroAnna Chiara, MaresAdriana C, GoelAkshay, HajraAdrija, BandyopadhyayDhrubajyoti, GuptaRahul

Cardiovascular disease prevention
Dyslipidemia treatment
Myalgias
Myopathy

This review explores non-statin lipid-lowering therapies, examining recent advances and emerging research. It discusses drugs like bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, nicotinic acid, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors, as well as emerging gene-based therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Bempedoic Acid: for Whom and When.

Author: RuscicaMassimiliano, SirtoriCesare R, CarugoStefano, BanachMaciej, CorsiniAlberto

Anti-inflammatory effect
LDL-C reduction
Myalgia
Myopathy

This review article discusses the safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid, an orally active non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug. The researchers found that bempedoic acid is effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and that it is generally well-tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Targeted Strategy in Lipid-Lowering Therapy.

Author: DayarEzgi, PechanovaOlga

Lipid-lowering
Targeted therapy
Side effects

This review discusses the most effective lipid-lowering drugs, including statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors, and their mechanisms of action. While these drugs are beneficial, limitations like side effects and administration challenges exist. Targeted therapy, utilizing nanoparticle carriers, emulsions, or vaccination, is explored as a potential solution to enhance drug efficacy and minimize drawbacks.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Benefits and drawbacks of statins and non-statin lipid lowering agents in carotid artery disease.

Author: ParaskevasKosmas I, GloviczkiPeter, AntignaniPier Luigi, ComerotaAnthony J, DardikAlan, DaviesAlun H, EcksteinHans-Henning, FaggioliGianluca, Fernandes E FernandesJose, FraedrichGustav, GeroulakosGeorge, GolledgeJonathan, GuptaAjay, GurevichVictor S, JawienArkadiusz, JezovnikMateja K, KakkosStavros K, KnoflachMichael, LanzaGaetano, LiapisChristos D, LoftusIan M, MansilhaArmando, NicolaidesAndrew N, PiniRodolfo, PoredosPavel, ProczkaRobert M, RiccoJean-Baptiste, RundekTatjana, SabaLuca, SchlachetzkiFelix, SilvestriniMauro, SpinelliFrancesco, StiloFrancesco, SuriJasjit S, SvetlikovAlexei V, ZeebregtsClark J, ChaturvediSeemant, VeithFrank J, MikhailidisDimitri P

Lower LDL-C
Reduce stroke risk

This multi-disciplinary overview recommends statins and PCSK9 inhibitors for patients with carotid stenosis, regardless of their LDL-C levels, as these medications significantly reduce stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and coronary event rates. The benefits outweigh the risks and potential side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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