Effects of fluconazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 13 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida species. Multiple studies have provided insights into the effects and risks of fluconazole. 3 revealed that fluconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial membrane lipid in fungi, thereby suppressing fungal growth. The study also highlighted the potential of a live-cell ergosterol reporter as a useful tool for analyzing azole resistance and tolerance mechanisms. 1 demonstrated the effectiveness of fluconazole in treating oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. However, 7 reported the existence of Candida strains resistant to fluconazole, raising concerns about the decline of antifungal drug effectiveness. Moreover, 5 suggested that fluconazole could impact the metabolism of other drugs in the body. Therefore, caution is advised when taking fluconazole due to potential interactions with other medications. 10 showed that fluconazole could hinder the metabolism of pyrotinib, an anticancer drug, potentially reducing its effectiveness. 13 indicated that fluconazole could enhance the toxicity of nanoplastic when consumed together. found that fluconazole could also affect the metabolism of another anticancer drug, almonertinib. 8 reported a potential increase in the risk of bleeding when fluconazole is taken concurrently with warfarin, a blood thinner. 2 revealed the effectiveness of fluconazole in preventing Candida infections in preterm infants. 12 suggested that combining fluconazole with pseudolaric acid A could potentially inhibit the formation of biofilms by Candida albicans. 4 demonstrated the potential of a dual nanocarrier system containing fluconazole and chlorhexidine to enhance antimicrobial effects. 6 indicated that cisatracurium, a drug, might be effective against fluconazole-resistant Candida strains.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Fluconazole is a beneficial medication for treating fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species. It is known to be effective in treating oropharyngeal candidiasis. Fluconazole may also be helpful in preventing Candida infections in preterm infants. Additionally, combining fluconazole with other medications could potentially enhance antimicrobial effects.

Risk Summary

Fluconazole can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, and liver dysfunction. Fluconazole may also interact with other medications, potentially increasing or decreasing their effects. Therefore, consulting a physician and adhering to their instructions when taking fluconazole is crucial.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have confirmed that fluconazole demonstrates antifungal effects against Candida species. Moreover, many studies have pointed out the possibility of fluconazole interacting with other medications.

Differences

Each study has provided detailed insights into the effects and risks of fluconazole. For example, while one study revealed the effectiveness of fluconazole in treating oropharyngeal candidiasis, another study reported the existence of Candida strains resistant to fluconazole. Thus, research findings regarding the effects and risks of fluconazole may vary depending on the study.

Consistency and Inconsistencies of Results

Multiple studies have confirmed that fluconazole shows effectiveness against Candida infections. However, the effectiveness of fluconazole may vary based on factors like the specific Candida species involved and the presence of drug resistance. Fluconazole can also interact with other medications, potentially amplifying or diminishing their effects. Therefore, consulting a physician and adhering to their instructions when taking fluconazole is crucial.

Cautions for Real-Life Applications

Fluconazole is employed as a treatment for Candida infections. However, fluconazole can interact with other medications. Therefore, consulting a physician and following their instructions when taking fluconazole is essential. Additionally, fluconazole can cause side effects. If you experience any concerning side effects, consult your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effects and risks of fluconazole remains insufficient, particularly regarding its interactions with other medications. Further research in this area is necessary.

Future Research Directions

Further research on fluconazole is essential. Key areas of focus include investigations into its interactions with other medications and the emergence of Candida strains resistant to fluconazole. Addressing these challenges requires additional research.

Conclusion

Fluconazole is an effective medication for treating Candida infections but can cause side effects and interact with other medications. Therefore, consulting a physician and following their instructions when taking fluconazole is essential. Research on the effects and risks of fluconazole is still ongoing. Continued research efforts are expected to lead to safer and more effective use of fluconazole.

Literature analysis of 13 papers
Positive Content
11
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
2
0
0
0
13
1.

A randomized trial of continuous or intermittent therapy with fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: clinical outcomes and development of fluconazole resistance.

Author: RevankarS G, KirkpatrickW R, McAteeR K, DibO P, FothergillA W, ReddingS W, RinaldiM G, HilsenbeckS G, PattersonT F

Good therapeutic responses
Reduced relapses
Resistance development

Continuous fluconazole therapy significantly reduces relapses and colonization in HIV-positive patients with frequent oropharyngeal candidiasis. Resistance can occur with both continuous and intermittent therapy, but patients generally respond well to higher doses of fluconazole.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Fluconazole prophylaxis in preterm infants: a multicenter case-controlled analysis of efficacy and safety.

Author: KaufmanDavid A, MorrisAmy, GurkaMatt J, KapikBarry, HetheringtonSeth

Candida infection prevention

Fluconazole prophylaxis is safe and effective in preventing invasive Candida infections in high-risk infants.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Dual nanocarrier of chlorhexidine and fluconazole: Physicochemical characterization and effects on microcosm biofilms and oral keratinocytes.

Author: AraujoHeitor Ceolin, PessanJuliano Pelim, CaldeirãoAnne Caroline Morais, SampaioCaio, OliveiraMarcelo José Dos Santos, SalesDouglas Henrique, TeixeiraSilvio Rainho, ConstantinoCarlos José Leopoldo, DelbemAlberto Carlos Botazzo, OliveiraSandra Helena Penha, RamageGordon, MonteiroDouglas Roberto

Reduced biofilm formation
Reduced lactic acid production
Cytotoxicity

A dual nanocarrier system carrying chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluconazole (FLZ) was found to be more effective in reducing oral biofilms than the combination of CHX and FLZ alone. The nanocarrier showed promise as a topical therapy for oral candidiasis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of the CYP3A inhibitors, voriconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib in rats.

Author: LouYutao, SongFeifeng, ChengMengting, HuYing, ChaiYitao, HuQing, WangQiyue, ZhouHongying, BaoMeihua, GuJinping, ZhangYiwen

Treats T790M tumors
Drug interaction

This study investigated the potential impact of three triazole antifungals (voriconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole) on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI used to treat T790M mutation-positive lung cancer, in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Antifungal activity of cisatracurium against fluconazole-resistant <i>Candida</i> isolates and its antibiofilm effects.

Author: do NascimentoFrancisca Ba, Valente SáLívia Ga, de Andrade NetoJoão B, CabralVitória Pf, RodriguesDaniel S, BarbosaAmanda D, MoreiraLara Ea, OliveiraLeilson C, SilvaAnderson, LimaIri Sp, SilvaJacilene, MarinhoEmmanuel S, SantosHélcio S, CavalcantiBruno C, MoraisManoel O, JúniorHélio Vn, SilvaCecília R

Antifungal activity

Cisatracurium, a muscle relaxant, demonstrated potential antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant *Candida* species in both planktonic and biofilm forms. It was found to alter mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to cellular apoptosis, and also interacted with important targets related to cellular respiration, membrane, and cell wall.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Effects of changing the timing of warfarin administration in combination with fluconazole on prolongation of the PT-INR: a case report.

Author: AkamatsuHayato, NakagawaHiroo, MatsumaruIchiro, HashizumeJunya, HarasawaHitomi, KodamaYukinobu, MiuraTakashi, OhyamaKaname

Drug-drug interactions

Fluconazole (FLCZ) can interact with warfarin, potentiating its effects and prolonging the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR). This study highlights the need to investigate the effects of timing of administration on this drug-drug interaction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Synergistic Antibiofilm Effects of Pseudolaric Acid A Combined with Fluconazole against Candida albicans via Inhibition of Adhesion and Yeast-To-Hypha Transition.

Author: ZhuBin, LiZhen, YinHongmei, HuJun, XueYingjun, ZhangGuanyi, ZhengXin, ChenWeiqin, HuXiaobo

Antibiofilm effect

This study investigated the antibiofilm effect of pseudolaric acid A (PAA) in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against Candida albicans biofilms. The study found that the combination of PAA and FLC significantly inhibited early, developmental, and mature biofilm formation and reduced biofilm adhesion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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