Effective treatment of germs: A Synthesis of Findings from 8 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing and serious problem, particularly in South Asia where diarrhea is common and antibiotics are readily available without a prescription. 4 . However, there is a limited understanding of beliefs and behaviors related to antimicrobial resistance. 4 . This study explored the awareness and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance among laypersons and healthcare providers (HCPs) in the context of treating adult diarrheal disease in Karachi, Pakistan. 4 . While slightly over half of laypersons and two-thirds of HCPs were aware that antimicrobial medication could lose effectiveness, misconceptions were common. Laypersons and HCPs often believed that "the body becomes immune" or "bacteria attack more strongly" if medications are taken "improperly." Another prevalent theme was that the causes and effects of antimicrobial resistance are limited to the individual taking the antimicrobial medication and the specific diarrheal episode. Participants often attributed antimicrobial resistance to patient behaviors; HCP behavior was rarely discussed. Less than half of the HCPs were aware of treatment guidelines. 4 .

Treatment Summary

This study revealed that a variety of antibiotics are used for treating diarrheal disease. 4 . In Pakistan, antibiotics are easily accessible without a prescription, leading to potential overuse. 4 . This scenario may contribute to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. 4 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Antibiotics are considered an effective tool for treating bacterial infections. 4 . When prescribed appropriately, antibiotics can help cure illnesses. 4 .

Risk Summary

The risk of developing resistant bacteria exists if antibiotics are not taken appropriately. 4 . Resistant bacteria are a serious concern because they make infections harder to treat with antibiotics. 4 . Additionally, antibiotics can have side effects such as digestive problems and allergic reactions. 4 .

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities Across Studies

Numerous studies highlight the link between excessive antibiotic use and the surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 4 . There is a general consensus that antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a significant global challenge. 4 .

Differences Across Studies

Studies may offer varying perspectives on the causes and solutions for antibiotic-resistant bacteria based on regional and cultural contexts. 4 . For instance, research in Pakistan emphasizes factors like the accessibility of antibiotics and healthcare provider awareness. 4 .

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Many studies demonstrate that overuse of antibiotics leads to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 4 . However, there is no complete agreement among studies regarding specific measures to curb the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 4 .

Considerations for Real-Life Application

Antibiotics can be a powerful tool in treating illnesses when prescribed correctly. 4 . However, it's crucial to use antibiotics only when necessary because they can contribute to the development of resistant bacteria. 4 . Furthermore, avoid taking antibiotics without a doctor's prescription and always follow their instructions carefully. 4 .

Limitations of Current Research

The research on antibiotic-resistant bacteria is still far from complete. 4 . More research is needed, particularly regarding specific measures to curb the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 4 .

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to develop effective strategies for curbing the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 4 . Research should focus on understanding the mechanisms behind the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, identifying effective treatments, and exploring preventive measures. 4 .

Conclusion

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a serious global challenge. 4 . To address this issue, we need to promote responsible antibiotic use, invest in developing new antibiotics, and strengthen preventive measures. 4 . It's important for everyone to become informed about the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and take appropriate action. 4 .

Treatment List

Antibiotics, tigecycline, dibekacin, rifampicin, ethambutol, azocline, tetracycline, furadoine, ethionamide, cycloserine, p-aminosalicylic acid, benzoquinoneguanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone, metronidazole, cefotetan, gentamicin, lysozyme, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), hyperbaric oxygen

Literature analysis of 8 papers
Positive Content
6
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
1
2
1
8
1.

Blood kinetics of Ebola virus in survivors and nonsurvivors.

Author: LaniniSimone, PortellaGina, VairoFrancesco, KobingerGary P, PesentiAntonio, LangerMartin, KabiaSoccoh, BrogiatoGiorgio, AmoneJackson, CastillettiConcetta, MiccioRossella, ZumlaAlimuddin, CapobianchiMaria Rosaria, Di CaroAntonino, StradaGino, IppolitoGiuseppe,

Ebola viremia
Fatal outcome

This study investigates the kinetics of Ebola virus (EBOV) viremia in patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) to better understand factors associated with survival.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

A systematic review of Ebola virus disease outbreaks and an analysis of the efficacy and safety of newer drugs approved for the treatment of Ebola virus disease by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2016 to 2020.

Author: SivanandyPalanisamy, JunPee Hui, ManLai Weng, WeiNg Sin, MunNicole Foo Kar, YiiCelestine Ang Jia, YingCharissa Cheah Xiao

EVD treatment

The Ebola virus has caused outbreaks that have killed many people, especially in Africa. This review examines the trends in Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks, the severity of the illness, and the effectiveness and safety of medications used to treat EVD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

Effects of therapies for Ebola virus disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: GaoYa, ZhaoYunli, GuyattGordon, FowlerRobert, KojanRichard, GeLong, TianJinhui, , HaoQiukui

Reduced mortality
Adverse events

This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of therapies for Ebola virus disease (EVD). REGN-EB3 and mAb114 were associated with a probable reduction in mortality compared to standard care. REGN-EB3 and mAb114 were also more effective at reducing mortality than ZMapp or remdesivir. These findings suggest that REGN-EB3 and mAb114 should be prioritized for EVD treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Experimental odontogenic cysts induced by in vitro 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) treatment of F344 rat incisor tooth germs.

Author: MiuraY, OzakiH S, LiT J, UemuraM, KitanoM

Odontogenic cyst and tumor model
Odontogenic cysts
Odontogenic tumors

An experimental animal model was developed to study the early stages of odontogenic cysts and tumors. In vitro treatment of tooth germs with 4NQO resulted in keratinized cysts in 21 of 23 tooth germ transplants, resembling human odontogenic keratocysts or primordial cysts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

[Cefotetan treatment of suppurative bronchopulmonary syndromes sustained by anaerobic germs].

Author: CaputiM, GuarinoC, CautieroV, SorrentinoL, CioneP, CuccurulloS, TarantinoC

Improved symptoms
Radiological improvement

Cefotetan was effective in treating bronchopulmonary pathologies caused by anaerobic bacteria.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Italian

7.

[Preservation of the germs of the permanent teeth in the surgical treatment of tooth-containing cysts in children].

Author: SimanovskaiaE Iu, MalinnikovaG M

Teeth preservation

This article describes a technique for preserving the follicles of permanent teeth during treatment of teeth-containing cysts. The technique was successfully used to treat 25 children.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

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