Side Effects of glyburide: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Glyburide is a sulfonylurea drug used to treat type 2 diabetes. These papers report various research findings on the effectiveness and side effects of glyburide.

Glyburide lowers blood sugar by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas. 18 It has also been shown to be effective in patients who are unable to control their blood sugar through diet and exercise alone. 27

Glyburide can be used in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. 4 For example, combining glyburide with metformin is expected to further improve blood sugar control. 5

Glyburide can cause various side effects. 27 These papers report hypoglycemia, weight gain, and elevated liver enzymes. 20 Glyburide should also be avoided in pregnant women. 14

Reasons for side effects

Glyburide's side effects are thought to be due to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels caused by the stimulation of insulin secretion. 27 Glyburide can also cause side effects such as elevated liver enzymes. 20

Common side effects

Hypoglycemia

The most common side effect of glyburide is hypoglycemia. 27 Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels fall excessively and can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and loss of consciousness. 11 Hypoglycemia is more likely to occur when glyburide dosage is too high, when meals are skipped, or when exercise is strenuous. 27

Weight gain

Glyburide can cause weight gain. 27 This is thought to be because glyburide increases insulin secretion, which can lead to increased appetite and decreased energy expenditure. 19

Elevated liver enzymes

Glyburide can cause elevated liver enzymes. 20 Elevated liver enzymes are thought to be due to glyburide putting a strain on the liver. 20

Other side effects

In addition to hypoglycemia, weight gain, and elevated liver enzymes, glyburide can cause various other side effects. 27 These side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin rash, fever, and jaundice. 18 These side effects vary from person to person and do not appear in everyone. 4

Side effects countermeasures

Hypoglycemia

Countermeasures for hypoglycemia include adjusting the dosage of glyburide, eating meals regularly, and adjusting exercise levels. 27 If hypoglycemia occurs, it is necessary to quickly ingest glucose or drink orange juice. 11

Weight gain

Countermeasures for weight gain include diet and exercise. 27 Since glyburide increases appetite, it is important to focus on eating a low-calorie, nutritionally balanced diet. 19 For exercise, engage in moderate exercise such as walking or jogging. 27

Elevated liver enzymes

Countermeasures for elevated liver enzymes include discontinuing glyburide or reducing the dosage. 20 If elevated liver enzymes are detected, seek appropriate medical treatment under the guidance of a doctor. 20

Comparison between studies

Common points of research

These papers all investigate the effectiveness and side effects of glyburide. 27 All papers also indicate that glyburide is effective in treating type 2 diabetes. 18 However, all papers also share the fact that glyburide can cause side effects such as hypoglycemia. 27

Differences in research

These papers vary in the amount of detailed information on glyburide side effects. 27 For example, some papers report in detail the potential of glyburide to cause weight gain. 19 Other papers report in detail the potential of glyburide to cause elevated liver enzymes. 20 Still other papers report in detail the effects of glyburide on pregnant women. 14

Precautions for real-life application

Glyburide is an effective drug for treating type 2 diabetes, but it can cause side effects such as hypoglycemia. 27 Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and be aware of side effects when taking glyburide. 18 Glyburide should also be avoided in pregnant women. 14

Limitations of current research

These papers show various research findings on the effectiveness and side effects of glyburide, but there is not yet enough research on the long-term effects of glyburide. 27 Glyburide's effects and side effects vary from person to person, so it may not be effective for all patients. 18

Future research directions needed

Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of glyburide. 27 Gene-level research is also needed to understand why the effects and side effects of glyburide vary from person to person. 18

Conclusion

Glyburide is an effective drug for treating type 2 diabetes, but it can cause side effects such as hypoglycemia. 27 It is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and be aware of side effects when taking glyburide. 18 Glyburide should also be avoided in pregnant women. 14 Further research is needed on the long-term effects of glyburide. 27

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Blood glucose control
Synergistic effect
1
Cardioprotection
Prevents refractory period reduction
Prevents ventricular fibrillation
2
Improved diabetes control
3
Effective T2DM treatment
4
Enhanced adherence
Improved glycaemic control
5
Antioxidant
6
Treat diabetes
7
Diabetes management
8
diabetes control
insulin secretion
postprandial glucose levels
9
Bioequivalent preparation
10
Lower blood glucose levels
11
Decreased side effects
Enhanced efficacy
Improved GB release
Improved patient compliance
Reduced dose frequency
12
Favorable drug interaction profile
Improved insulin sensitivity
Reduced fasting plasma glucose
Reduced glycosylated hemoglobin
Reduced insulin demand
Sustained beta-cell function
13
Hyperglycemia treatment
14
Renal ischemia
15
Antidiabetic effects
Antihyperlipidemic effects
Antioxidant effects
16
Hyperglycemia treatment
17
T2DM treatment
18
Diabetes treatment
19
Diabetes treatment
20
Brain metastasis treatment
Glyburide efficacy
21
Diabetes management
22
Diabetes treatment
23
Achieved target blood glucose levels
Improved hyperglycemia
24
Miglitol effective
Miglitol safe
25
Effective therapy
27
Pain relief
28
Risk Keywords
Hypoglycemia
1
Hemodynamic effects
Hypoglycemia
2
Herb-drug interaction
3
Acute pancreatitis
Headache
Hypoglycemia
Nasopharyngitis
Serious hypersensitivity
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Upper-respiratory tract infections
4
Long-term side effects
7
hypoglycaemic symptoms
long-term data lacking
9
Diarrhea
Excessive hunger
Giddiness
Headache
10
Noncompliance
Side effects
11
Anemia
Edema
Liver enzyme elevation
Weight gain
13
Side effects
14
Side effects
19
Tooth discoloration
20
Hypoglycemia
22
Hypoglycemia
24
Drug-drug interactions
26
Side effects
27
Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
3
0
0
9
28
1.

Randomized study of glibenclamide versus traditional Chinese treatment in type 2 diabetic patients. Chinese-French Scientific Committee for the Study of Diabetes.

Author: VrayM, AttaliJ R

Blood glucose control
Synergistic effect
Hypoglycemia

A traditional Chinese treatment (TCT) based on three plants was effective in Type 2 diabetes patients in combination with glibenclamide. The TCT was well-tolerated and showed a synergistic effect with glibenclamide in reducing blood glucose levels.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Influence of Allium sativum extract on the hypoglycemic activity of glibenclamide: an approach to possible herb-drug interaction.

Author: PoonamTripathi, PrakashGupta Prem, KumarLal Vijay

Improved diabetes control
Herb-drug interaction

This study investigated the interaction of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea, with the aqueous extract of garlic, an herb widely used as an antidiabetic agent.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

An update on the clinical pharmacology of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Author: ChenXiao-Wu, HeZhi-Xu, ZhouZhi-Wei, YangTianxin, ZhangXueji, YangYin-Xue, DuanWei, ZhouShu-Feng

Effective T2DM treatment
Acute pancreatitis
Headache
Hypoglycemia
Nasopharyngitis
Serious hypersensitivity
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Upper-respiratory tract infections

This review provides updated clinical information on alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It covers pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, drug interactions, and future directions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Glyburide/metformin tablets: a new therapeutic option for the management of Type 2 diabetes.

Author: DaileyGeorge E

Enhanced adherence
Improved glycaemic control

This study reviewed the use of glyburide/metformin combination therapy for type 2 diabetes. This therapy is effective in controlling blood glucose and may enhance adherence to treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Mechanism of Action of Novel Glibenclamide Derivatives on Potassium and Calcium Channels for Insulin Secretion.

Author: FredericoMarisa Jadna Silva, CastroAllisson Jhonatan Gomes, MenegazDanusa, MuratCahue De Bernardis, MendesCamila Pires, MascarelloAlessandra, NunesRicardo Jose, SilvaFatima Regina Mena Barreto

Treat diabetes
Long-term side effects

This review discusses the mechanism of action of glibenclamide, a widely used antihyperglycemic drug. Glibenclamide's long-term side effects suggest the need for newer molecules that can maintain β-cell health. This review highlights the potential of glibenclamide derivatives, such as acylhydrazones, sulfonamides, and sulfonylthioureas, to restore glucose homeostasis with less β-cell excitability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Pharmacodynamic interaction of cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) with glyburide in diabetes.

Author: KaurGinpreet, UpadhyayNidhi, TharappelLeo J Philip, InvallyMihir

Diabetes management

Cumin extract has anti-diabetic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and can lower elevated glucose levels by more than 45% without causing hypoglycemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic comparison of two fixed dose combination of Metformin/ Glibenclamide formulations in healthy subjects under fed condition.

Author: ChangC T, AngJ Y, WongJ M, TanS S, ChinS K, LimA B, TanW H, YuenK H

Bioequivalent preparation
Diarrhea
Excessive hunger
Giddiness
Headache

A single-center, single-dose, open-label, randomized, 2-treatment, 2-sequence and 2- period crossover study with 28 adult male subjects found that two fixed-dose combination tablets of metformin/glibenclamide (500mg/5 mg per tablet) were bioequivalent.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

[Preparation and utility of glibenclamide suppository for hospital use].

Author: TakahashiY, IwataM, ShirotakeS, TakayamaK, MachidaY, NagaiT

Lower blood glucose levels
Noncompliance
Side effects

This study evaluated the usefulness of glibenclamide (GC) suppositories in treating non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The suppositories were found to release GC continuously for 6 hours and significantly lower blood glucose levels compared to control, suggesting their potential as an alternative treatment option.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Japanese

14.

A pharmacologic approach to the use of glyburide in pregnancy.

Author: CaritisSteve N, HebertMary F

Hyperglycemia treatment
Side effects

This commentary provides a pharmacologic basis for altering the glyburide administration regimen to improve efficacy in patients with pregnancy-related hyperglycemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

15.

The role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers in ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury versus their effects on cardiac ischemia reperfusion in rats.

Author: TawfikMona K, Abo-ElmattyDina M, AhmedAmal A M

Renal ischemia

This study explores the role of ATP-dependent potassium channel modulators, glimepiride and glibenclamide, on renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) induced injury in rats. The study demonstrates that both glimepiride and glibenclamide significantly improve reperfusion-induced injury in both kidney and lung, with glibenclamide showing a more pronounced effect.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Saxagliptin: a new DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Author: TahraniAbd A, PiyaMilan K, BarnettAnthony H

T2DM treatment

Saxagliptin is a new drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4. It has been shown to be effective at reducing blood sugar levels and is well-tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Pioglitazone hydrochloride/glimepiride.

Author: BlakeElizabeth W

Diabetes treatment
Side effects

Pioglitazone and glimepiride are oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin. While these medications are generally well tolerated, potential side effects include weight gain, edema, and heart failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Tooth discoloration in patients with neonatal diabetes after transfer onto glibenclamide: a previously unreported side effect.

Author: KumaraguruJanani, FlanaganSarah E, GreeleySiri Atma W, NuboerRoos, StøyJulie, PhilipsonLouis H, HattersleyAndrew T, Rubio-CabezasOscar

Diabetes treatment
Tooth discoloration

Tooth discoloration was observed in 5 out of 67 patients who were successfully transferred from insulin injections to oral sulfonylureas for the treatment of neonatal diabetes. The discoloration was only seen in patients taking glibenclamide (glyburide) and ranged from mild staining to loss of enamel. This previously unreported side effect requires further investigation, but should not preclude the use of sulfonylureas in patients with activating KCNJ11 mutations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Potential of glyburide to reduce intracerebral edema in brain metastases.

Author: BoggsDrexell Hunter, SimardJ Marc, StevenAndrew, MehtaMinesh P

Brain metastasis treatment
Glyburide efficacy

Brain metastases are a serious health concern with limited treatment options. Existing anti-edema therapies are either expensive or associated with long-term side effects. This review explores the role of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1) in edema formation and suggests that the antidiabetic drug glyburide, a Sur1 inhibitor, could be a safe and cost-effective option for reducing or preventing brain edema in patients with brain metastases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2015.

Author: IbrahimMahmoud, Abu Al MagdMegahed, AnnabiFiras A, Assaad-KhalilSamir, Ba-EssaEbtesam M, FahdilIbtihal, KaradenizSehnaz, MeridenTerry, Misha'lAly A, PozzilliPaolo, SheraSamad, ThomasAbraham, BahijriSuhad, TuomilehtoJaakko, YilmazTemel, UmpierrezGuillermo E

Diabetes management
Hypoglycemia

This article provides recommendations for managing diabetes during Ramadan, including education, nutritional habits, and appropriate medication adjustments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Efficacy and Safety of a Traditional Herbal Combination in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: MehrzadiSaeed, MirzaeiReza, HeydariMojtaba, SasaniMaryam, YaqoobvandBahman, HuseiniHasan Fallah

Diabetes treatment

This abstract highlights the traditional use of a combination of seven herbs in Iran for the treatment of diabetic patients. While each herb has been studied individually, there is a need for controlled human studies to determine the efficacy and safety of this herbal combination in the treatment of diabetic patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Comparison of miglitol and glibenclamide in diet-treated type 2 diabetic patients.

Author: PaganoG, MarenaS, Corgiat-MansinL, CraveroF, GiordaC, BozzaM, RossiC M

Miglitol effective
Miglitol safe

Miglitol, an intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, was effective in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Miglitol was comparable to glibenclamide in efficacy, but had fewer side effects. Both drugs were well tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Practical considerations and guidelines for dosing sulfonylureas as monotherapy or combination therapy.

Author: BellDavid S H

Effective therapy
Side effects

Oral antidiabetic drugs are the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. Knowing the benefits and risks of each drug is important for choosing the right drug or combination for patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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