Effective treatment of hepatitis: A Synthesis of Findings from 32 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

The aim of chronic hepatitis B treatment is to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels for a long period to prevent disease progression, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 21 . Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. 9 . Ribavirin plus interferon combination therapy is considered the optimal treatment for interferon-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C, although its role in relapsers and non-responders to previous interferon therapy is not established. 9 . Interferon monotherapy leads to viral clearance in only 10% of patients with genotype 1 and less than 10% of patients with cirrhosis. 6 . Patients with detectable HCV RNA levels at week 4 of therapy have only a 2% chance of viral clearance. 6 . Extending the treatment duration reduces relapse rates in responders. 6 . Interferon-ribavirin combination therapy appears to enhance efficacy 2-3 fold without increasing toxicity. 6 . Interferon-ursodeoxycholic acid combination therapy has also been investigated for its potential to enhance the effectiveness of interferon treatment. 6 . The conventional treatment for chronic hepatitis C is interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination therapy. However, it has some adverse effects, doesn’t work for all patients, and is expensive. 19 . Traditional Chinese medicine has shown potential for improving symptoms, liver function, and loss of HCV markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 19 . However, many of the included trials were published in Chinese and were of poor quality, so the promising effects of some herbs need to be confirmed in rigorous clinical trials that follow international standards. 19 . Low uptake of hepatitis C treatment globally is partly due to the need to attend specialists, usually in tertiary hospitals. 25 . Providing HCV treatment in community settings has the potential to increase treatment uptake. 25 . Ribavirin monotherapy showed no significant beneficial effect on virological response or liver morbidity and mortality compared to placebo or no intervention. 12 . Ribavirin significantly improved end-of-treatment biochemical and histological responses but not sustained biochemical responses. 12 . Ribavirin was significantly inferior to interferon regarding virological and biochemical responses. 12 . Ribavirin significantly increased the risk of anemia. 12 . Peginterferon plus ribavirin is the recommended treatment for chronic hepatitis C, but ribavirin monotherapy may be considered for some patients. 18 . Ribavirin monotherapy showed no significant beneficial effect on sustained virological response or liver morbidity and mortality compared to placebo or no intervention. 18 . Ribavirin monotherapy was significantly inferior to interferon monotherapy. 18 . Ribavirin significantly increased the risk of anemia. 18 . To maximize the effectiveness of hepatitis B and hepatitis C treatment, patients must be engaged and retained in care. 26 . In chronic hepatitis C patients, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy depend on treatment strategies that adjust treatment duration, dosage, and early stopping rules based on HCV genotype and early viral response. 17 . In patients who received peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin combination therapy, those with low viral loads (less than 6,000 IU/mL) at week 12 achieved significantly higher sustained virological response rates when treatment duration was extended from 48 weeks to 72 weeks. 13 . In patients with chronic hepatitis C, administering epoetin alpha increases hemoglobin levels and improves treatment adherence, which leads to a higher end-of-treatment rate and sustained virological response in those who develop anemia during treatment. 20 . Initial therapy options for chronic hepatitis B include interferon alfa-2b, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, peginterferon alfa-2a, telbivudine, and tenofovir. 16 . These agents have certain advantages and disadvantages. 16 . The preferred first-line treatment choices are entecavir, peginterferon alfa-2a, and tenofovir. 16 . In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment with a therapeutic vaccine containing both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving viral load reduction below the limit of detection (250 copies/mL) 24 weeks after treatment completion, compared to pegylated interferon treatment. 28 . The therapeutic vaccine also showed a higher clearance rate of Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and a lower progression to cirrhosis compared to pegylated interferon treatment. 28 .

Treatment Summary

Treatment options for chronic hepatitis B include interferon alfa-2b, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, peginterferon alfa-2a, telbivudine, and tenofovir. 16 . The optimal treatment for chronic hepatitis C is currently interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. 9 . Traditional Chinese medicine also shows potential for treating chronic hepatitis C. 19 . However, many of the included trials were published in Chinese and were of poor quality, so the promising effects of some herbs need to be confirmed in rigorous clinical trials that follow international standards. 19 . To maximize the effectiveness of hepatitis B and hepatitis C treatment, patients must be engaged and retained in care. 26 . In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment with a therapeutic vaccine containing both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving viral load reduction below the limit of detection (250 copies/mL) 24 weeks after treatment completion, compared to pegylated interferon treatment. 28 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Treatment for chronic hepatitis B can prevent disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 21 . Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is an effective treatment option for interferon-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. 9 . Extending the treatment duration reduces relapse rates in responders. 6 . Interferon-ribavirin combination therapy appears to enhance efficacy 2-3 fold without increasing toxicity. 6 . Traditional Chinese medicine has shown potential for improving symptoms, liver function, and loss of HCV markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 19 . Providing HCV treatment in community settings has the potential to increase treatment uptake. 25 . Peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin combination therapy is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis C. 26 . In patients who received peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin combination therapy, those with low viral loads (less than 6,000 IU/mL) at week 12 achieved significantly higher sustained virological response rates when treatment duration was extended from 48 weeks to 72 weeks. 13 . In patients with chronic hepatitis C, administering epoetin alpha increases hemoglobin levels and improves treatment adherence, which leads to a higher end-of-treatment rate and sustained virological response in those who develop anemia during treatment. 20 . In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment with a therapeutic vaccine containing both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving viral load reduction below the limit of detection (250 copies/mL) 24 weeks after treatment completion, compared to pegylated interferon treatment. 28 .

Risk Summary

Interferon monotherapy can have side effects such as fatigue, fever, chills, muscle aches, and joint pain. 6 . The risk of side effects, such as anemia, is increased with interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. 6 . Ribavirin monotherapy also increases the risk of side effects, such as anemia. 12 . Ribavirin monotherapy is significantly inferior to interferon monotherapy. 18 . Traditional Chinese medicine, especially injections, can have side effects. 19 .

Study Comparison

Study Commonalities

Multiple studies demonstrate that interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis C. 9 6 13 . Multiple studies show that ribavirin monotherapy shows no significant effect compared to placebo or no intervention. 12 18 . These studies suggest that interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is more effective than ribavirin monotherapy for treating chronic hepatitis C.

Study Differences

Multiple studies show that the effectiveness of interferon and ribavirin combination therapy varies depending on the HCV genotype and treatment duration. 6 13 . Multiple studies demonstrate that the side effects of ribavirin monotherapy vary across studies. 12 18 . These studies suggest that the optimal treatment needs to be tailored to individual patients for treating chronic hepatitis C.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

While multiple studies show that interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis C, effectiveness varies. 9 6 13 . This is likely due to the fact that treatment effects vary depending on factors such as HCV genotype, treatment duration, and patient condition. 6 13 . Also, the effectiveness of ribavirin monotherapy varies across studies. 12 18 . This might be influenced by differences in study design and patient selection criteria.

Application to Daily Life

The optimal treatment for chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C needs to be tailored to individual patients. 16 26 . Treatment decisions should consider HCV genotype, treatment duration, and patient condition. 6 13 . It is essential to understand the potential risks of side effects. 6 12 18 . Patients with chronic hepatitis C need to seek the advice of a specialist. 25 . Providing treatment in community settings has the potential to increase treatment uptake. 25 . Traditional Chinese medicine may be effective for treating chronic hepatitis C, but this needs to be confirmed in rigorous clinical trials. 19 .

Limitations of Current Research

Research on chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C treatment is still ongoing and more research is needed. 16 26 . Rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. 19 . Further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment for each patient. 17 .

Future Research Directions

Future research on chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C treatment should focus on the following: 16 26 .

  • Rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. 19
  • Research is needed to determine the optimal treatment for each patient. 17
  • Research is needed to optimize treatment duration and dosage. 13
  • Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying side effects. 6 12 18
  • Research is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treatment. 17

Conclusion

Treating chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C is crucial to prevent disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 21 . Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is an effective treatment for interferon-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. 9 . However, the optimal treatment needs to be tailored to each patient considering factors such as HCV genotype, treatment duration, and patient condition. 6 13 . It is essential to understand the potential risks of side effects. 6 12 18 . Patients with chronic hepatitis C need to seek the advice of a specialist. 25 . Providing treatment in community settings has the potential to increase treatment uptake. 25 . Traditional Chinese medicine may be effective for treating chronic hepatitis C, but this needs to be confirmed in rigorous clinical trials. 19 . In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment with a therapeutic vaccine containing both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving viral load reduction below the limit of detection (250 copies/mL) 24 weeks after treatment completion, compared to pegylated interferon treatment. 28 . The optimal treatment for chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C needs to be tailored to individual patients. 16 26 . Treatment decisions should consider HCV genotype, treatment duration, and patient condition. 6 13 . It is essential to understand the potential risks of side effects. 6 12 18 . Patients with chronic hepatitis C need to seek the advice of a specialist. 25 . Providing treatment in community settings has the potential to increase treatment uptake. 25 . Traditional Chinese medicine may be effective for treating chronic hepatitis C, but this needs to be confirmed in rigorous clinical trials. 19 .

Treatment List

Interferon alfa-2b, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, peginterferon alfa-2a, telbivudine, tenofovir, ribavirin, ursodeoxycholic acid, traditional Chinese medicine, therapeutic vaccine.

Literature analysis of 32 papers
Positive Content
30
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
0
Article Type
13
13
18
15
32
1.

[Chronic hepatitis treated with alpha-interferon].

Author: MichaelM

Hepatitis B treatment
Hepatitis C treatment
Relapse

A study reviewed the effectiveness of interferon treatment for chronic viral hepatitis. In chronic hepatitis B, approximately 35% of patients showed good response to treatment, while in chronic hepatitis C, 80% responded well, though relapse was common after stopping treatment. The study also noted that further research is needed on interferon treatment for hepatitis Delta. The optimal duration of interferon treatment for chronic viral hepatitis remains an open question.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Hungarian

2.

Natural course and response to interferon of chronic hepatitis B accompanied by antibody to hepatitis B e antigen.

Author: BrunettoM R, OliveriF, RoccaG, CriscuoloD, ChiabergeE, CapalboM, DavidE, VermeG, BoninoF

Improved liver histology
Reduced viral DNA
Viral DNA recurrence

A study of 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B found that interferon alpha-2a treatment resulted in a rapid decrease in detectable hepatitis B virus DNA levels and normalized aminotransferase levels in eight patients. However, in seven patients, viral levels rebounded after treatment ended.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Effects of interferon beta on non-A, non-B acute hepatitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled-dose study. Japan Acute Hepatitis Cooperative Study Group.

Author: TakanoS, SatomuraY, OmataM

Improved hepatitis C treatment

This study investigated the effectiveness of interferon in preventing non-A, non-B hepatitis from becoming chronic and determining the best treatment approach. Non-A, non-B hepatitis is more likely to become chronic and lead to liver cancer.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Two dose regimens of recombinant interferon-alpha-2b in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Biochemistry, hepatitis C virus RNA, and liver histology as response indices.

Author: BjøroK, KrarupH, BellH, ChristophersenP, EvensenS, FrølandS S, LaursenA, B vd LippeB, MaelandA, RanekL

Interferon for HCV

The higher dose group of recombinant interferon-alpha-2b for 48 weeks had a significantly higher rate of sustained alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) response (45% versus 19%) and a significantly better chance of becoming HCV RNA-negative during therapy (47% versus 23%).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Subcutaneously administered recombinant human beta-interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Author: GuanR, YeohK G, YapI, KangJ Y, WeeA, SmithR

Improved liver function
Reduced HBV-DNA levels

Subcutaneously administered rINF-beta ser was well tolerated. At the end of 6 months, HBV-DNA was undetectable in 20% of patients in the low-dose group and 40% in the high-dose group. One year after completion of treatment, HBV-DNA was undetectable in 50% and 30% of patients in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Antiviral therapy of hepatitis C.

Author: SchalmS W, BrouwerJ T

Viral clearance
Relapse

Interferon mono-therapy leads to viral clearance in only 10% of patients with genotype 1 and in less than 10% in cirrhosis. Interferon-ribavirin combination therapy appears to enhance the efficacy 2-3 fold without increasing toxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Ribavirin with or without alpha interferon versus no intervention, placebo or alpha interferon for chronic hepatitis C.

Author: KjaergardL L, KrogsgaardK, GluudC

Effective treatment of hepatitis C
Unclear role in relapsers and non-responders

Hepatitis C is a serious liver disease. While a combination of ribavirin and interferon is currently the preferred treatment for those who have never received interferon, the effectiveness of this combination for patients who haven’t responded to interferon or have had the disease return is not clear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.

Author: MellerupM T, KrogsgaardK, MathurinP, GluudC, PoynardT

HBV DNA loss
HBeAg clearance

Pretreatment with glucocorticosteroids before treatment with alfa interferon in patients with hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis B may be more effective than treatment with alfa interferon alone with regard to loss of hepatitis B 'e' antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Ribavirin with or without alpha interferon for chronic hepatitis C.

Author: KjaergardL L, KrogsgaardK, GluudC

Effective treatment of hepatitis C
Unclear role in relapsers and non-responders

Hepatitis C is a serious liver disease. While a combination of ribavirin and interferon is currently the preferred treatment for those who have never received interferon, the effectiveness of this combination for patients who haven’t responded to interferon or have had the disease return is not clear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Combination therapy of thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) and peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who are non-responders to standard treatment.

Author: RustgiVinod

Hepatitis C treatment
Disappointing responses
Long-term safety implications
Risk of resistance

Hepatitis C is a widespread problem, causing liver damage and cancer. While treatments have improved, some groups, like those with weakened immune systems or advanced liver disease, still have poor outcomes. Combining treatments may be the answer. Combining thymalfasin with pegylated interferon shows promise, and ongoing research is evaluating its effectiveness for these difficult-to-treat patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.

Author: MellerupM T, KrogsgaardK, MathurinP, GluudC, PoynardT

HBeAg clearance
Seroconversion to anti-HBe
Insufficient data
Unsatisfactory response rates

Pretreatment with glucocorticosteroids before treatment with alfa interferon in patients with hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis B may be more effective than treatment with alfa interferon alone with regard to loss of hepatitis B 'e' antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA, but evidence for effect on clinical outcomes is lacking.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Ribavirin monotherapy for chronic hepatitis C.

Author: BrokJ, GluudL L, GluudC

Biochemical response improvement
Histological response improvement
Anaemia risk

Ribavirin monotherapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C did not have a significant beneficial effect on virological response or liver morbidity. It may improve biochemical and histological response transiently. Ribavirin significantly increased the risk of anemia. Therefore, ribavirin monotherapy is not recommended outside of randomized trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Extended treatment duration for hepatitis C virus type 1: comparing 48 versus 72 weeks of peginterferon-alfa-2a plus ribavirin.

Author: BergThomas, von WagnerMichael, NasserSamer, SarrazinChristoph, HeintgesTobias, GerlachTilman, BuggischPeter, GoeserTobias, RasenackJens, PapeGerd R, SchmidtWolfgang E, KallinowskiBirgit, KlinkerHartwig, SpenglerUlrich, MartusPeter, AlshuthUlrich, ZeuzemStefan

SVR rates

Extended treatment duration beyond 48 weeks is generally not recommended for HCV type 1 infection. Only patients with a slow virologic response, defined as HCV-RNA positive at week 12 but negative at week 24, may benefit from extended treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

WITHDRAWN: Ribavirin with or without alpha interferon for chronic hepatitis C.

Author: GluudL L, KrogsgaardK, GluudC

Improved hepatitis C treatment
Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver problems and death. While combining ribavirin and interferon is the standard treatment for those never treated before, its effectiveness in people who have relapsed or not responded to interferon before is unknown.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

Clinical trial: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of re-treatment with fixed-dose induction of peginterferon alpha-2a in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 true non-responder patients.

Author: DiagoM, CrespoJ, OlveiraA, PérezR, BárcenaR, Sánchez-TapiasJ M, Muñoz-SánchezM, Romero-GómezM

Improved cure rate

This study found that fixed-dose induction of peginterferon alpha-2a improved the likelihood of achieving a cure in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 true non-responder patients to a previous interferon-based combination regimen. The sustained virological response rates were 38%, 30%, and 18% in the 360, 270, and 180 microg/week groups, respectively. The three regimens were equally well tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2008 update.

Author: KeeffeEmmet B, DieterichDouglas T, HanSteven-Huy B, JacobsonIra M, MartinPaul, SchiffEugene R, TobiasHillel

Improved chronic HBV infection treatment
Chronic HBV infection

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a major health issue globally and in the US. Treatment guidelines for hepatitis B have been updated based on new research, improved testing, and new medications. The goal of treatment is to reduce the levels of hepatitis B virus in the blood to very low or undetectable levels. Several medications are available, but entecavir, peginterferon alfa-2a, and tenofovir are preferred first-line options. The choice of medication depends on factors like effectiveness, safety, the risk of resistance, how the medication is given, and cost.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of tailoring chronic hepatitis C treatment with peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin to HCV genotype and early viral response: a decision analysis based on German guidelines.

Author: SiebertUwe, SroczynskiGaby, AidelsburgerPamela, RossolSiegbert, WasemJürgen, MannsMichael P, McHutchisonJohn G, WongJohn B

Cost effective treatment
Increased life expectancy

German guidelines for antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C, tailored to genotype, body weight, and early viral response, were found to be cost-effective compared with other treatment strategies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Ribavirin monotherapy for chronic hepatitis C.

Author: BrokJesper, GluudLise Lotte, GluudChristian

Improved Liver Function
Increased Adverse Reactions

Ribavirin monotherapy did not show any significant benefit for chronic hepatitis C patients. It did not improve sustained virological response or liver-related morbidity. However, it increased the risk of adverse reactions, including anemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

[Compound Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal drugs and their active extracts for treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials].

Author: QinXian-kui, HanMei, LiuJian-ping

Improved Hepatitis C Symptoms
Improved Liver Function
Reduced Viral Markers
Adverse Effects

Chinese herbal medicine alone or in combination with antiviral treatment was generally better than non-specific treatment or antiviral treatment alone for chronic hepatitis C.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : Chinese

20.

Epoetin alpha improves the response to antiviral treatment in HCV-related chronic hepatitis.

Author: BertinoGaetano, ArdiriAnnalisa, BoemiPatrizia Maria, CalvagnoGiuseppe Stefano, RuggeriIrene Maria, SperanzaAnnalisa, SantonocitoMaria Milena, IernaDario, BrunoCosimo Marcello, ValentiMaria, BoemiRoberta, NaimoSimona, NeriSergio

Hemoglobin increase
Treatment adherence

Epoetin alpha administration in patients with chronic hepatitis C developing anemia during antiviral treatment significantly increased hemoglobin levels, end-of-treatment response rate, and sustained virological response by improving treatment adherence.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Review article: current antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B.

Author: AyoubW S, KeeffeE B

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Treatment goals for chronic hepatitis B are changing. The aim is to suppress the hepatitis B virus (HBV) long-term to prevent liver damage and cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Interferon for interferon nonresponding and relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Author: KoretzRonald L, PleguezueloMaria, ArvanitiVasiliki, Barrera BaenaPilar, CiriaRuben, GurusamyKurinchi Selvan, DavidsonBrian R, BurroughsAndrew K

HCV treatment

The goal of treatment for chronic hepatitis C is to achieve a sustained viral response, meaning no virus is detected in the blood six months after treatment. However, this measure, along with other biochemical and tissue-based measures, hasn't been directly linked to long-term health outcomes. This is because long-term studies on hepatitis C treatment are very challenging. People who don't respond to initial treatment may need to try treatment again, and interferon alone might be an option for those who can't take other medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

Suppression of HBV by tenofovir in HBV/HIV coinfected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: PriceHuw, DunnDavid, PillayDeenan, Bani-SadrFirouze, de Vries-SluijsTheodora, JainMamta K, KuzushitaNoriyoshi, MaussStefan, NúñezMarina, NüeschReto, PetersMarion, ReibergerThomas, StephanChristoph, TanLionel, GilsonRichard

Hepatitis B treatment

Hepatitis B is common in people with HIV, and has become a more significant concern as treatments for HIV have improved. Tenofovir (TDF) is a powerful medication for hepatitis B, with a low risk of resistance. However, there are still questions about TDF's use, including how many people successfully reduce their viral levels, how long the effect lasts, and whether it's less effective for people who have previously used other hepatitis B medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

A Clinical Evaluation of a Hepatitis C Nosode in the Treatment of Hepatitis C.

Author: ShahRajesh

Appetite improvement
Viral load reduction
Weight gain

An observational study using an ultra-diluted preparation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nosode showed a decrease in viral load in responders, suggesting potential for a new treatment option. Further studies with larger populations and longer duration are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

A systematic review of community based hepatitis C treatment.

Author: WadeAmanda J, VeroneseVanessa, HellardMargaret E, DoyleJoseph S

Improved SVR
Increased treatment uptake
None mentioned

This study reviewed 13 studies that compared community-based HCV treatment to tertiary hospital-based treatment. Community-based care was more likely to increase treatment uptake and sometimes led to higher cure rates, though more research is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

26.

Interventions to optimise the care continuum for chronic viral hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Author: ZhouKali, FitzpatrickThomas, WalshNick, KimJi Young, ChouRoger, LackeyMellanye, ScottJulia, LoYing-Ru, TuckerJoseph D

Improved hepatitis treatment

New treatments for hepatitis B and C have revolutionized care for these diseases, but patients need to stay in treatment for these medications to be fully effective. This study examined different strategies to improve testing, engagement in care, treatment uptake, adherence to treatment, and achieving remission or a cure for these viral infections.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

27.

Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection: an attempted network meta-analysis.

Author: MantzoukisKonstantinos, Rodríguez-PerálvarezManuel, BuzzettiElena, ThorburnDouglas, DavidsonBrian R, TsochatzisEmmanuel, GurusamyKurinchi Selvan

Acute HBV infection treatment

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause symptoms or be without symptoms. Beyond chronic infection, acute HBV can lead to severe liver inflammation or liver failure. The best treatment for acute HBV infection is still debated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

28.

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B naïve patients with a therapeutic vaccine containing HBs and HBc antigens (a randomized, open and treatment controlled phase III clinical trial).

Author: Al MahtabMamun, AkbarSheikh Mohammad Fazle, AguilarJulio Cesar, GuillenGerardo, PentonEuduaro, TueroAngela, YoshidaOsamu, HiasaYoichi, OnjiMorikazu

Cirrhosis progression reduction
Viral load reduction
ALT increases

Nasvac, a therapeutic vaccine candidate containing both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg), induced a superior reduction of the viral load under the limit of detection compared to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

29.

Antiviral treatment for treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: WongWilliam W L, PechivanoglouPetros, WongJosephine, BieleckiJoanna M, HainesAlex, ErmanAysegul, SaeedYasmin, PhoonArcturus, TadrousMina, YounisMona, RayadNoha Z, RacValeria, JanssenHarry L A, KrahnMurray D

CHB infection treatment

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a significant global health concern, often without symptoms until the disease is advanced. Treatment aims to improve survival and quality of life by preventing liver damage and cancer. This review examines the effectiveness of available treatments for CHB.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

30.

Lamivudine vs placebo or no treatment in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B virus during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ZhaoPeng, QianXueqian, SuChang, YangXiaofu, BaiXiaoxia

HBV treatment

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where nearly half the population lives in areas with high rates of transmission. The most common way HBV spreads is from mother to child. While antiviral treatments are available, their effectiveness is still being debated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

31.

Quality-of-life scores improve after 96 weeks of PEG-IFNa-2a treatment of hepatitis D: An analysis of the HIDIT-II trial.

Author: DinkelborgKatja, KahlhöferJulia, DörgePetra, YurdaydinCihan, HardtkeSvenja, CaruntuFlorin Alexandru, CurescuManuela G, YalcinKendal, AkarcaUlus S, GürelSelim, ZeuzemStefan, ErhardtAndreas, LüthStefan, PapatheodoridisGeorge V, KeskinOnur, PortKerstin, RaduMonica, CelenMustafa K, IdilmanRamazan, WeberKristina, StiftJudith, WittkopUlrike, HeidrichBenjamin, MederackeIngmar, von der LeyenHeiko, DienesHans Peter, CornbergMarkus, KochArmin, MannsMichael P, WedemeyerHeiner, DeterdingKatja,

Hepatitis delta treatment

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is the most severe form of viral hepatitis, associated with a high risk of liver complications and worse patient outcomes. Until recently, pegylated interferon alfa was the only treatment option.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

32.

How nurses contribute to the elimination of hepatitis B? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: LiCaixia, ZhangMengxing, KarthijekanKarthikesu, FuXia

Hepatitis B care

Hepatitis B is a major health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. While there are challenges in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and managing hepatitis B, nurses play a critical role in providing care. Despite this, the contributions of nurses in hepatitis B care have been overlooked.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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