Effective treatment of heroin: A Synthesis of Findings from 64 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Various studies have been conducted on the treatment of heroin addiction. These studies indicate that pharmacotherapy, such as methadone maintenance therapy and buprenorphine maintenance therapy, are effective in treating heroin addiction. 23 , 22 , 10 It is also suggested that psychosocial interventions, such as psychotherapy, are important in treating heroin addiction. 3 , 19 , 63 Furthermore, choosing an appropriate treatment method tailored to the individual needs of each patient is crucial in treating heroin addiction. 21 , 43

Some studies have shown that heroin-assisted therapy, which involves prescribing heroin under medical supervision, may be effective in treating heroin addiction. 12 , 36 , 31 , 47 , 53 , 58 However, heroin-assisted therapy has concerns regarding the risk of addiction and side effects. 12 , Heroin-assisted therapy should be carefully considered for those who have not responded to other treatment methods.

Treatment Summary

Treatment methods for heroin addiction include methadone maintenance therapy, buprenorphine maintenance therapy, heroin-assisted therapy, and others. 23 , 22 , 10 Methadone maintenance therapy alleviates heroin withdrawal symptoms and reduces cravings for heroin. 23 , 25 Buprenorphine maintenance therapy is said to have fewer side effects compared to methadone maintenance therapy and can more effectively suppress cravings for heroin. 52 , Heroin-assisted therapy is a treatment method in which heroin is prescribed under medical supervision when other treatment methods have not been effective. 12 , 36

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Treatment for heroin addiction can improve the quality of life of patients. For example, reducing heroin use can lessen the risk of crime and health issues. 28 , 22 Moreover, receiving treatment can facilitate the return to social life. 28

Risks Summary

Treatment for heroin addiction involves side effects and risks of addiction. For instance, methadone maintenance therapy can lead to side effects such as dependence and respiratory depression. 23 Furthermore, heroin-assisted therapy can increase the risk of addiction. 12

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Many studies indicate that pharmacotherapy is effective in treating heroin addiction. 23 , 22 , 10 Additionally, it is suggested that psychosocial interventions may enhance the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. 3 , 19

Differences in Studies

Treatment methods for heroin addiction vary depending on the individual needs and circumstances of each patient, making it impossible to definitively say which method is optimal. 21 For example, if methadone maintenance therapy proves ineffective, other treatment methods such as heroin-assisted therapy may be considered. 12

Consistency and Inconsistencies in Results

Research on heroin addiction treatment reveals both consistent and conflicting findings. 24 For instance, the effectiveness of heroin-assisted therapy varies depending on the study. 12 , 36 , 31 Therefore, when choosing a treatment method for heroin addiction, it is crucial to consider these inconsistencies and select an appropriate treatment method based on the individual circumstances of each patient.

Points to Note for Applying Research to Real Life

Research findings on heroin addiction treatment cannot be directly applied to real-life situations. This is because research is conducted under specific conditions, and different results may be obtained in the real world. Furthermore, as the circumstances of each patient differ, research findings may not always apply directly. Therefore, when selecting a treatment method for heroin addiction, it is essential to refer to research findings while consulting with a doctor or specialist and choosing an appropriate treatment method tailored to the individual circumstances of each patient.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on heroin addiction treatment has several limitations. For example, if the sample size of a study is small, the results may not be generalizable. Additionally, if the characteristics of the research participants are skewed towards a particular group, the results may not apply to other groups. Furthermore, some studies lack information about long-term effects.

Future Research Directions

Research on heroin addiction treatment needs to continue. In particular, research verifying the effectiveness of heroin-assisted therapy is required. Furthermore, the development of treatment methods tailored to the individual needs of each patient and the development of new intervention methods to enhance treatment effectiveness are also necessary.

Conclusion

There are various approaches to treating heroin addiction. Pharmacotherapy, such as methadone maintenance therapy and buprenorphine maintenance therapy, is an effective treatment for many patients. 23 , 22 , 10 Furthermore, heroin-assisted therapy should be carefully considered as a treatment option for those who have not responded to other treatment methods. 12 , 36 Choosing an appropriate treatment method based on the individual needs of each patient is crucial in treating heroin addiction. It is important to consult with a doctor or specialist to find the best treatment method.

Treatment List

Methadone maintenance therapy, buprenorphine maintenance therapy, heroin-assisted therapy, psychotherapy, psychosocial intervention

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Heroin craving reduction
Heroin use reduction
1
Heroin detoxification
2
Increased long-term treatment
3
Reduced complaints
4
Improved abstinence rates
5
Heroin addiction recovery
6
Improved compliance
8
Heroin withdrawal treatment
Improved naltrexone compliance
9
Increased abstinence
Reduced craving
Reduced heroin use
10
Methadone maintenance treatment retention
11
Heroin dependence treatment
12
Heroin dependence treatment
13
Heroin dependence treatment
14
Stabilization of heroin users
15
Stabilization of heroin users
16
Anhedonia treatment
Heroin addiction treatment
17
Heroin withdrawal treatment
18
Reduced heroin use
19
Opioid detoxification
20
Improved heroin addiction treatment
21
Cost effective treatment
Improved quality of life
22
Improved heroin dependence treatment
23
Heroin dependence treatment
24
Methadone treatment entry
Reduced criminal behavior
Reduced heroin use
25
Effective maintenance treatment
Tolerable opioid withdrawal treatment
26
Heroin dependence treatment
27
Improved heroin use treatment
28
Improved physical and mental health
Reduced illicit drug use
30
Improved health
Reduced illicit drug use
Social stabilization
31
Increased abstinence
Reduced craving
32
Improved heroin dependence treatment
33
High response
High retention
36
Reduced opioid use
37
Heroin dependence treatment
38
Opioid dependence treatment
39
Improved health
Reduced drug use
40
Reduced criminality
Reduced heroin use
Reduced mortality
41
Heroin addiction treatment
42
Improved retention
Reduced HIV risk
43
Reduced opiate craving
44
Methadone reduces craving
Methadone reduces relapse
45
Improved mental health
Improved physical health
46
Heroin craving reduction
Illicit heroin use reduction
47
Improved opioid detoxification
48
Improved health
Reduced drug use
Social integration
50
Heroin dependence treatment
51
Buprenorphine
52
Improve health
Improve street heroin use
Reduce criminal acts
53
Improved treatment outcome
54
Opioid use disorder treatment
55
Opioid dependence treatment
56
Improved treatment retention
Longer cocaine abstinence
57
Opioid use disorder treatment
58
Heroin overdose treatment
59
Improved health
Reduced heroin use
60
Family support for MMT
61
Heroin addiction treatment
Naltrexone
62
CM for heroin use
63
Heroin addiction treatment
64
Risk Keywords
Abstinence symptoms
1
No decrease in heroin use
4
Respiratory depression
12
Insufficient evidence
19
Heroin dependence
23
Heroin use
28
Acquisitive crime
29
Serious adverse events
30
Opioid dependence
31
Heroin dependence
33
Death
37
Controversial effectiveness
38
Overdose
Seizures
39
Weaker effects in comorbid group
40
Craving risk persists
45
Serious adverse events
46
Heroin addiction
52
Less safe than MMT
54
None mentioned
57
Financial burden
Waiting periods
60
Family heroin use for MMT
61
Conflicting evidence
62
Literature analysis of 64 papers
Positive Content
59
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
2
Article Type
44
14
18
19
64
1.

Buprenorphine: an alternative to methadone for heroin dependence treatment.

Author: ResnickR B, GalanterM, PychaC, CohenA, GrandisonP, FloodN

Heroin craving reduction
Heroin use reduction
Abstinence symptoms

A study of 85 heroin addicts found that buprenorphine was effective in reducing heroin cravings and use, even in those who had never received treatment. While reducing the dose of buprenorphine led to withdrawal symptoms and increased drug-seeking behavior, maintaining a stable dose was more successful in achieving long-term abstinence. The study concluded that buprenorphine could be a valuable treatment option for heroin addiction, especially for those who are not currently receiving treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Efficacy of psychotherapeutic counselling during 21-day ambulatory heroin detoxification.

Author: RawsonR A, MannA J, TennantF S, ClaboughD

Heroin detoxification

Structured psychotherapeutic counseling during heroin detoxification did not significantly improve detoxification success rates, as measured by morphine-negative urine. However, counseling significantly increased treatment attendance and the number of patients entering long-term treatment after detoxification.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Efficacy of psychotherapeutic counselling during 21-day ambulatory heroin detoxification.

Author: RawsonR A, MannA J, TennantF S, ClaboughD

Increased long-term treatment

A study of 50 heroin addicts found no significant difference in successful detoxification between those who received structured counselling during detoxification and those who received standard detoxification. However, the counselling group had better attendance and more patients entered long-term treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Chronic heroin use during methadone treatment: a test of the efficacy of high maintenance doses.

Author: HavassyB E, TschannJ M

Reduced complaints
No decrease in heroin use

Increasing methadone doses for patients continuing heroin use after stabilization on methadone did not reduce illicit opiate use. Although Group 1 reported alleviated physical and psychological complaints, Group 2 maintained low levels of complaints and unexpectedly decreased opiate abuse. This suggests that clear and consistently enforced program policies are necessary in addition to dose increases.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Evaluation of heroin maintenance in controlled trial.

Author: HartnollR L, MitchesonM C, BattersbyA, BrownG, EllisM, FlemingP, HedleyN

Improved abstinence rates

In a study of 96 people with heroin addiction, those who were offered heroin maintenance continued to use heroin regularly, supplementing their prescription from other sources. They remained moderately involved in the drug subculture and criminal activities. Those offered oral methadone had a higher abstinence rate but also a greater dependence on illegal drugs. They were more likely to be arrested during the year-long follow-up. There was no significant difference in employment, health, or non-opiate drug use between the two groups. Refusal to prescribe heroin led to a significantly higher dropout rate from treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

The Swedish methadone maintenance program: a controlled study.

Author: GunneL M, GrönbladhL

Heroin addiction recovery

This study of 34 drug addicts found that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) was more effective than no treatment in reducing drug abuse and improving employment outcomes. After two years, 12 out of 17 MMT patients were drug-free and working, compared to only 1 out of 17 in the control group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Investigating the influence of treatment philosophy on outcome of methadone maintenance.

Author: BellJ, ChanJ, KukA

A study of 202 heroin users compared long-term maintenance treatment (Clinic 2) to time-limited treatment aimed at abstinence (Clinic 1). Overall, 25% of urine tests from Clinic 1 were positive for heroin compared to 18% in Clinic 2. This difference was partly due to higher heroin use during the withdrawal period in Clinic 1. The study found a strong association between methadone dose and heroin use, with higher doses being less likely to be associated with heroin use. After adjusting for methadone dose, there was no significant difference in heroin use between the clinics during maintenance treatment. The higher rates of heroin use in the abstinence-orientated clinic were attributed to time-limited treatment and lower methadone doses. This highlights the importance of considering methadone dose when evaluating treatment factors for heroin users.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

[Dutch research on the effectiveness of medical prescription of heroin; background, research design and preliminary results].

Author: van den BrinkW, HendriksV M, BlankenP, van ReeJ M

Improved compliance

The Dutch study on the effectiveness of medical prescription of heroin for treatment-resistant heroin addicts is underway, with 180 patients randomized to receive either inhalable or injectable heroin.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Dutch

9.

Rapid opiate detoxication in outpatient treatment: relationship with naltrexone compliance.

Author: GerraG, ZaimovicA, RustichelliP, FontanesiB, ZambelliU, TimpanoM, BocchiC, DelsignoreR

Heroin withdrawal treatment
Improved naltrexone compliance

This study compared the efficacy of different detoxification methods for heroin withdrawal, including clonidine only, a combination of clonidine, oxazepam, baclofen, and ketoprofene with naloxone and naltrexone, and methadone in decreasing doses. The study found that rapid detoxification with opiate antagonists (Group B) facilitated extended naltrexone acceptance and improved recovery outcomes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Methadone dose increase and abstinence reinforcement for treatment of continued heroin use during methadone maintenance.

Author: PrestonK L, UmbrichtA, EpsteinD H

Increased abstinence
Reduced craving
Reduced heroin use

Contingent vouchers and methadone dose increases were effective in reducing heroin use among patients in a methadone maintenance program. When combined, they did not significantly enhance each other's effects but seemed to have complementary benefits.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Evaluation of an alternative program for MMTP drop-outs: impact on treatment re-entry.

Author: GoldsteinMarjorie F, DerenSherry, KangSung Yeon, Des JarlaisDon C, MaguraStephen

Methadone maintenance treatment retention

An intervention for MMTP drop-outs that included street outreach, cognitive behavioral groups, and individual counseling was effective in encouraging treatment re-entry.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

12.

New aspects in the treatment of heroin dependence with special reference to neurobiological aspects.

Author: LadewigDieter, Dürsteler-MacFarlandKenneth M, SeifritzErich, HockChristoph, StohlerRudolf

Heroin dependence treatment
Respiratory depression

This study reviews the Swiss heroin trials, which explored the use of prescribed heroin for severe heroin addiction. While the trials showed improvements in health, well-being, and reduced illicit drug use and crime among participants, they also highlighted potential downsides. Intravenous heroin use under medical supervision was associated with temporary but significant decreases in oxygen levels in the body and brain, likely due to breathing problems. Further research is needed to understand the risks and benefits of this approach.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence.

Author: MattickR P, BreenC, KimberJ, DavoliM

Heroin dependence treatment

The study discusses the effectiveness and controversies surrounding methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence.

Author: MattickR P, BreenC, KimberJ, DavoliM

Heroin dependence treatment

Methadone maintenance, while the most researched treatment for heroin dependence, remains controversial regarding its effectiveness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin dependents.

Author: FerriM, DavoliM, PerucciC A

Stabilization of heroin users

People with heroin addiction continue using the drug despite negative impacts on their health, legal status, social life, and relationships. Maintenance treatment programs, which provide controlled doses of medication, are designed to help stabilize these individuals. Common medications include methadone, buprenorphine, and LAAM. This review focuses on maintenance treatment that involves prescribing heroin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin dependents.

Author: FerriM, DavoliM, PerucciC A

Stabilization of heroin users

People with heroin addiction continue using the drug despite negative impacts on their health, legal status, social life, and relationships. Maintenance treatment programs, which provide controlled doses of medication, are designed to help stabilize these individuals. Common medications include methadone, buprenorphine, and LAAM. This review focuses on maintenance treatment that involves prescribing heroin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

[Pharmacotherapy in heroin addiction: pharmacological approaches to remission stabilization and recurrence prevention].

Author: GrinenkoA Ia, KrupitskiĭE M, ZvartauE E

Anhedonia treatment
Heroin addiction treatment

The study investigated the effectiveness of citalopram (SSRI) and memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist) in treating anhedonia in heroin addicts, finding that both drugs effectively arrested anhedonia symptoms. Naltrexone was found to be more effective for remission stabilization, while a combination of naltrexone with SSRI antidepressants showed promise for both remission stabilization and recurrence prevention.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Russian

18.

The Leeds Evaluation of Efficacy of Detoxification Study (LEEDS) project: an open-label pragmatic randomised control trial comparing the efficacy of differing therapeutic agents for primary care detoxification from either street heroin or methadone [ISRCTN07752728].

Author: OldhamNicola S, WrightNat M J, AdamsClive E, SheardLaura, TompkinsCharlotte N E

Heroin withdrawal treatment

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of dihydrocodeine and sublingual buprenorphine in helping heroin users successfully and comfortably withdraw from heroin in a primary care setting.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of opioid dependence.

Author: AmatoL, MinozziS, DavoliM, VecchiS, FerriM, MayetS

Reduced heroin use
Insufficient evidence

Adding psychosocial support to standard methadone maintenance treatment significantly improves the non-use of heroin during treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification.

Author: AmatoL, MinozziS, DavoliM, VecchiS, FerriM, MayetS

Opioid detoxification

While various medications can help with opioid withdrawal, many people relapse to heroin use. Research suggests that psychological symptoms, rather than physical withdrawal symptoms, are more distressing to addicts during detox, highlighting the need for support addressing mental health in addiction recovery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription of heroin or oral methadone treatment: results from two randomized controlled trials.

Author: BlankenPeter, HendriksVincent M, KoeterMaarten W J, van ReeJan M, van den BrinkWim

Improved heroin addiction treatment

Medical heroin prescription is significantly more effective than standard methadone maintenance treatment for heroin addiction. This effect is most pronounced for patients who have previously participated in abstinence-oriented treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

Cost utility analysis of co-prescribed heroin compared with methadone maintenance treatment in heroin addicts in two randomised trials.

Author: DijkgraafMarcel G W, van der ZandenBart P, de BorgieCorianne A J M, BlankenPeter, van ReeJan M, van den BrinkWim

Cost effective treatment
Improved quality of life

Co-prescription of heroin was cost-effective compared with methadone maintenance treatment for chronic, treatment-resistant heroin addicts.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Methadone doses of 100 mg or greater are more effective than lower doses at suppressing heroin self-administration in opioid-dependent volunteers.

Author: DonnyEric C, BrasserSusan M, BigelowGeorge E, StitzerMaxine L, WalshSharon L

Improved heroin dependence treatment
Heroin dependence

Methadone maintenance has been a successful treatment for heroin addiction for many years. Recent studies suggest that higher doses of methadone than typically used may be even more effective in reducing heroin use. This could be because higher doses create greater resistance to the pleasurable effects of heroin.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

24.

Heroin maintenance treatment for chronic heroin-dependent individuals: a Cochrane systematic review of effectiveness.

Author: FerriMarica, DavoliMarina, PerucciCarlo A

Heroin dependence treatment

The Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled trials found that heroin was more effective than methadone in refraining people from using street heroin and potentially reducing criminal activities in patients with chronic heroin dependence.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

25.

A randomized controlled trial of interim methadone maintenance.

Author: SchwartzRobert P, HighfieldDavid A, JaffeJerome H, BradyJoseph V, ButlerCarol B, RouseCharles O, CallamanJason M, O'GradyKevin E, BattjesRobert J

Methadone treatment entry
Reduced criminal behavior
Reduced heroin use

Interim methadone maintenance resulted in a substantial increase in the likelihood of entry into comprehensive treatment, and was an effective means of reducing heroin use and criminal behavior among opioid-dependent individuals awaiting entry into a comprehensive methadone treatment program. Significantly more participants assigned to interim methadone maintenance entered comprehensive methadone maintenance treatment by the 120th day from baseline (75.9%) than those assigned to the waiting list control condition (20.8%) (P<.001).

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

26.

Role of buprenorphine in the management of heroin addiction.

Author: SungSoojin, ConryJohn M

Effective maintenance treatment
Tolerable opioid withdrawal treatment

Buprenorphine offers several advantages for the treatment of heroin addiction, including potentially better tolerability than methadone or clonidine for opioid withdrawal.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

The effectiveness of outreach case management in re-enrolling discharged methadone patients.

Author: CovielloDonna M, ZanisDave A, WesnoskiSusan A, AltermanArthur I

Heroin dependence treatment

This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of outreach case management for methadone patients after they have been discharged from treatment programs, addressing the high rates of relapse and risky behaviors in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

29.

Patterns of acquisitive crime during methadone maintenance treatment among patients eligible for heroin assisted treatment.

Author: van der ZandenBart P, DijkgraafMarcel G W, BlankenPeter, van ReeJan M, van den BrinkWim

Acquisitive crime

During methadone maintenance treatment, 50% of criminally active, problematic heroin users eligible for heroin assisted treatment reported acquisitive crime, primarily shoplifting and bicycle theft.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

30.

Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial.

Author: HaasenChristian, VertheinUwe, DegkwitzPeter, BergerJuergen, KrauszMichael, NaberDieter

Improved physical and mental health
Reduced illicit drug use
Serious adverse events

Heroin-assisted treatment is more effective for people with opioid dependence who continue intravenous heroin. Despite a higher risk, it should be considered for treatment resistance under medical supervision.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

31.

Long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment in Germany.

Author: VertheinUwe, Bonorden-KleijKarin, DegkwitzPeter, DilgChristoph, KöhlerWilfried K, PassieTorsten, SoykaMichael, TangerSabine, VogelMario, HaasenChristian

Improved health
Reduced illicit drug use
Social stabilization
Opioid dependence

Studies in Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Spain have shown that heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) for opioid addiction reduces illegal drug use. A German study also found heroin treatment to be more effective than methadone treatment. This study examines the relationship between two years of heroin treatment and improvements in health, social stability, and illegal drug use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

32.

Medication of l-tetrahydropalmatine significantly ameliorates opiate craving and increases the abstinence rate in heroin users: a pilot study.

Author: YangZheng, ShaoYong-cong, LiShi-jiang, QiJian-lin, ZhangMei-jie, HaoWei, JinGuo-zhang

Increased abstinence
Reduced craving

This study investigates the potential of levotetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) to reduce heroin cravings and increase the success rate of staying off heroin in individuals addicted to the drug. The study highlights the need for new medications to help people maintain long-term recovery from addiction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

33.

Maintenance treatment with buprenorphine and naltrexone for heroin dependence in Malaysia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: SchottenfeldRichard S, ChawarskiMarek C, MazlanMahmud

Improved heroin dependence treatment
Heroin dependence

Expanding access to effective treatments for heroin addiction is a global health priority that can also reduce HIV transmission. This study compares the effectiveness of naltrexone, buprenorphine, and no additional treatment after detoxification and counseling, in terms of maintaining abstinence from heroin, preventing relapse, and reducing risky behaviors associated with HIV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

34.

Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification.

Author: AmatoLaura, MinozziSilvia, DavoliMarina, VecchiSimona, FerriMarica Mf, MayetSoraya

While various medications can help with opioid withdrawal, many people relapse to heroin use. Research suggests that psychological symptoms, rather than physical withdrawal symptoms, are more distressing to addicts during detox, highlighting the need for support addressing mental health in addiction recovery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

35.

Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification.

Author: AmatoLaura, MinozziSilvia, DavoliMarina, VecchiSimona, FerriMarica Mf, MayetSoraya

While various medications can help with opioid withdrawal, many people relapse to heroin use. Research suggests that psychological symptoms, rather than physical withdrawal symptoms, are more distressing to addicts during detox, highlighting the need for support addressing mental health in addiction recovery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

36.

Results of the first North American prescription heroin study are promising.

Author: SymingtonAlison

High response
High retention

This study found that supervised treatment with pharmaceutical-grade heroin was safe and highly effective for people with chronic heroin addiction who had not responded to other treatments. The study had high rates of people staying in treatment and showing improvement.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Newspaper ArticleAn article published in a newspaper that provides the latest news, opinions, and analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

37.

Naltrexone implants after in-patient treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial.

Author: KunøeNikolaj, LobmaierPhilipp, VederhusJohn Kåre, HjerkinnBjørg, HegstadSolfrid, GossopMichael, KristensenØistein, WaalHelge

Reduced opioid use
Death

Naltrexone implant treatment safely and significantly reduced opioid use in a motivated population of patients. Patients receiving naltrexone had on average 45 days less heroin use and 60 days less opioid use than controls.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

38.

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence.

Author: MattickRichard P, BreenCourtney, KimberJo, DavoliMarina

Heroin dependence treatment
Controversial effectiveness

Methadone maintenance is a widely used opioid replacement therapy for heroin dependence. While its effectiveness is supported by research, it remains a controversial treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

39.

Diacetylmorphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction.

Author: Oviedo-JoekesEugenia, BrissetteSuzanne, MarshDavid C, LauzonPierre, GuhDaphne, AnisAslam, SchechterMartin T

Opioid dependence treatment
Overdose
Seizures

Injectable diacetylmorphine was more effective than oral methadone for opioid dependence that was refractory to treatment. However, there was a risk of overdoses and seizures, so diacetylmorphine maintenance therapy should be delivered in settings where prompt medical intervention is available.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

40.

Effects of psychiatric comorbidity on treatment outcome in patients undergoing diamorphine or methadone maintenance treatment.

Author: SchäferI, Eiroa-OrosaF J, VertheinU, DilgC, HaasenC, ReimerJ

Improved health
Reduced drug use
Weaker effects in comorbid group

Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) had a better outcome than methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid-dependent patients, including those with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

41.

Naltrexone implants compared to methadone: outcomes six months after prison release.

Author: LobmaierPhilipp P, KunøeNikolaj, GossopMichael, KatevollTormod, WaalHelge

Reduced criminality
Reduced heroin use
Reduced mortality

This article discusses the need for treatments that can be initiated in prison and continued after release into the community for offenders with heroin use problems.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

42.

Supervised injectable heroin or injectable methadone versus optimised oral methadone as treatment for chronic heroin addicts in England after persistent failure in orthodox treatment (RIOTT): a randomised trial.

Author: StrangJohn, MetrebianNicola, LintzerisNicholas, PottsLaura, CarnwathTom, MayetSoraya, WilliamsHugh, ZadorDeborah, EversRichard, GroshkovaTeodora, CharlesVikki, MartinAnthea, ForzisiLuciana

Heroin addiction treatment

This study compares the effectiveness of three treatments for chronic heroin addiction: supervised injection of heroin (diamorphine or diacetylmorphine), supervised injection of methadone, and optimized oral methadone, in people who haven't responded to traditional treatment.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

43.

Characteristics and response to treatment among Aboriginal people receiving heroin-assisted treatment.

Author: Oviedo-JoekesEugenia, GuhDaphne, MarshDavid C, BrissetteSuzanne, NosykBohdan, KrauszMichael, AnisAslam, ChristianWayne M, SpittalPatricia, SchechterMartin T

Improved retention
Reduced HIV risk

Medically prescribed diacetylmorphine or hydromorphone were effective in retaining Aboriginal heroin injectors in treatment and reducing the risk of HIV infection compared to oral methadone.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

44.

Heroin anticraving medications: a systematic review.

Author: FareedAyman, VayalapalliSreedevi, CasarellaJennifer, AmarRichard, DrexlerKaren

Reduced opiate craving

Buprenorphine is a promising alternative medication for heroin craving, showing similar efficacy to methadone at doses above 8 mg daily. This was determined through a review of 12 studies. While buprenorphine demonstrates potential for treating opiate craving, further research is needed to fully assess its effectiveness and compare it directly to methadone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

45.

Effect of methadone maintenance treatment on heroin craving, a literature review.

Author: FareedAyman, VayalapalliSreedevi, StoutSteven, CasarellaJennifer, DrexlerKaren, BaileyStephen P

Methadone reduces craving
Methadone reduces relapse
Craving risk persists

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is effective for heroin dependence, but its impact on heroin craving is debated. A review of 16 studies suggests that methadone can reduce some cravings but patients may still experience cue-induced cravings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

46.

Physical and mental health in severe opioid-dependent patients within a randomized controlled maintenance treatment trial.

Author: ReimerJens, VertheinUwe, KarowAnne, SchäferIngo, NaberDieter, HaasenChristian

Improved mental health
Improved physical health
Serious adverse events

Both heroin and methadone substitution treatment had positive effects on physical and mental health in opiate-dependent patients. Heroin treatment showed superior results, but also had a higher rate of serious adverse events, which were mostly manageable.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

47.

Craving and illicit heroin use among patients in heroin-assisted treatment.

Author: BlankenPeter, HendriksVincent M, KoeterMaarten W J, van ReeJan M, van den BrinkWim

Heroin craving reduction
Illicit heroin use reduction

Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) was more effective than methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in reducing heroin craving and illicit heroin use in chronic, treatment-refractory heroin-dependent patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

48.

Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification.

Author: AmatoLaura, MinozziSilvia, DavoliMarina, VecchiSimona

Improved opioid detoxification

While various medications can help with opioid withdrawal, many people relapse to heroin use. Research suggests that psychological symptoms, rather than physical withdrawal symptoms, are more distressing to addicts during detox, highlighting the need for support addressing mental health in addiction recovery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

49.

Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of opioid dependence.

Author: AmatoLaura, MinozziSilvia, DavoliMarina, VecchiSimona

Adding psychosocial support to standard agonist maintenance treatment for opiate dependence did not provide additional benefits in terms of retention, abstinence, compliance, psychiatric symptoms, or depression. More research is needed to determine if specific, structured interventions are beneficial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

50.

[Social integration after 4 years of heroin-assisted treatment].

Author: VertheinU, SchäferI, DegkwitzP

Improved health
Reduced drug use
Social integration

This study analyzed the course of long-term social integration among patients who had participated in a 4-year heroin-assisted treatment program. Significant improvements were found in health, drug use, and social integration, with the percentage of patients employed increasing 3-fold.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

51.

Scopolamine detoxification technique for heroin dependence: a randomized trial.

Author: LiuSheng, LiLonghui, ShenWenwen, ShenXueyong, YangGuodong, ZhouWenhua

Heroin dependence treatment

While treatment for heroin addiction aims to reduce withdrawal symptoms and complications, it often doesn't adequately address the psychological effects of the addiction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

52.

A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: prison outcomes and community treatment entry.

Author: GordonMichael S, KinlockTimothy W, SchwartzRobert P, FitzgeraldTerrence T, O'GradyKevin E, VocciFrank J

Buprenorphine
Heroin addiction

This study investigates the use of buprenorphine, a promising treatment for heroin addiction, for pre-release prisoners with heroin dependence who are not opioid-tolerant. The study examines the effectiveness of buprenorphine treatment in a post-release setting and explores gender differences in treatment outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

53.

Efficacy of Heroin-assisted Treatment In Belgium: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Author: DemaretIsabelle, QuertemontEtienne, LitranGéraldine, MagogaCécile, DeblireClémence, DuboisNathalie, De RoubaixJérôme, CharlierCorinne, LemaîtreAndré, AnsseauMarc

Improve health
Improve street heroin use
Reduce criminal acts

Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) was more effective than methadone maintenance treatment in reducing street heroin use, improving health, and decreasing criminal involvement in severe heroin addicts who had failed methadone treatment. While the difference between groups was not significant at 12 months, HAT showed significant short-term efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

54.

Heroin on trial: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of diamorphine-prescribing as treatment for refractory heroin addiction†.

Author: StrangJohn, GroshkovaTeodora, UchtenhagenAmbros, van den BrinkWim, HaasenChristian, SchechterMartin T, LintzerisNick, BellJames, PironaAlessandro, Oviedo-JoekesEugenia, SimonRoland, MetrebianNicola

Improved treatment outcome
Less safe than MMT

Supervised injectable heroin (SIH) is effective for treating heroin dependence refractory to standard treatments. It may be less safe than methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and requires more attention to safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

55.

Hydromorphone Compared With Diacetylmorphine for Long-term Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: Oviedo-JoekesEugenia, GuhDaphne, BrissetteSuzanne, MarchandKirsten, MacDonaldScott, LockKurt, HarrisonScott, JanmohamedAmin, AnisAslam H, KrauszMichael, MarshDavid C, SchechterMartin T

Opioid use disorder treatment

Supervised heroin treatment is effective for severe opioid addiction, but it's not available in many places due to legal and political barriers. This limits treatment options for people who inject heroin and haven't responded to other programs.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

56.

Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people.

Author: NielsenSuzanne, LaranceBriony, DegenhardtLouisa, GowingLinda, KehlerChyanne, LintzerisNicholas

Opioid dependence treatment

This study investigates the differences between people dependent on pharmaceutical opioids and those who use heroin, considering that most opioid agonist treatment research has focused on heroin users.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

57.

Efficacy of cocaine contingency management in heroin-assisted treatment: Results of a randomized controlled trial.

Author: BlankenPeter, HendriksVincent M, HuijsmanIneke A, van ReeJan M, van den BrinkWim

Improved treatment retention
Longer cocaine abstinence
None mentioned

Contingency management (CM) is an effective add-on intervention for heroin-dependent patients in supervised heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) with frequent cocaine use. In a randomized controlled trial of 214 patients, HAT+CM was more effective than HAT-only in promoting longer, uninterrupted periods of cocaine abstinence (3.7 weeks versus 1.6 weeks).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

58.

Loss of treatment benefit when heroin-assisted treatment is stopped after 12 months.

Author: DemaretIsabelle, QuertemontEtienne, LitranGéraldine, MagogaCécile, DeblireClémence, DuboisNathalie, CharlierCorinne, LemaitreAndré, AnsseauMarc

Opioid use disorder treatment

A previous study found that people in a heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) program significantly reduced their use of street heroin compared to those in a methadone treatment program. This follow-up study examined whether the benefits of HAT continued three months after the program ended.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

59.

Do heroin overdose patients require observation after receiving naloxone?

Author: WillmanMichael W, LissDavid B, SchwarzEvan S, MullinsMichael E

Heroin overdose treatment

Heroin use has increased dramatically, leading to many overdoses that require naloxone to reverse the effects. Some people who recover from an overdose refuse further medical care or transport to the hospital, placing them at risk for breathing problems. There's debate about how long people should be monitored in the emergency department after an overdose. Additionally, non-medical first responders and bystanders are administering naloxone for overdoses, but the effectiveness and safety of this practice are still being investigated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

60.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of unsupervised buprenorphine-naloxone for the treatment of heroin dependence in a randomized waitlist controlled trial.

Author: DunlopAdrian J, BrownAmanda L, OldmeadowChristopher, HarrisAnthony, GillAnthony, SadlerCraig, RibbonsKaren, AttiaJohn, BarkerDaniel, GhijbenPeter, HinmanJennifer, JacksonMelissa, BellJames, LintzerisNicholas

Improved health
Reduced heroin use
Financial burden
Waiting periods

This study investigated the effectiveness of weekly buprenorphine-naloxone dispensing for patients with heroin dependence, compared to waitlist controls, and examined the cost-effectiveness of this approach.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

61.

Family Related Factors and Concurrent Heroin Use in Methadone Maintenance Treatment in China.

Author: FengNan, LinChunqing, HsiehJulie, RouKeming, LiLi

Family support for MMT
Family heroin use for MMT

Family members' heroin use and family problems were positively associated with concurrent heroin use during MMT programs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

62.

Extended-release naltrexone versus standard oral naltrexone versus placebo for opioid use disorder: the NEAT three-arm RCT.

Author: StrangJohn, KelleherMichael, MayetSoraya, DayEd, HellierJennifer, ByfordSarah, MurphyCaroline, McLennanBlair, ShearerJames, RyanElizabeth, MarsdenJohn

Heroin addiction treatment
Naltrexone
Conflicting evidence

People recovering from heroin addiction need better treatment options. Naltrexone is a medication that blocks the effects of heroin, but the best way to take it is still being researched.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

63.

Using a pragmatically adapted, low-cost contingency management intervention to promote heroin abstinence in individuals undergoing treatment for heroin use disorder in UK drug services (PRAISE): a cluster randomised trial.

Author: MetrebianNicola, WeaverTim, GoldsmithKimberley, PillingStephen, HellierJennifer, PicklesAndrew, ShearerJames, ByfordSarah, MitchesonLuke, BijralPrun, BogdanNadine, Bowden-JonesOwen, DayEdward, DunnJohn, GlasperAnthony, FinchEmily, ForshallSam, AkhtarShabana, BajariaJalpa, BennettCarmel, BishopElizabeth, CharlesVikki, DaveyClare, DesaiRoopal, GoodfellowClaire, HaqueFarjana, LittleNicholas, McKechnieHortencia, MoslerFranziska, MorrisJo, MutzJulian, PauliRuth, PoovendranDilkushi, PhillipsElizabeth, StrangJohn,

CM for heroin use

Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is a common treatment for heroin use disorder, but it is associated with high attrition and persistent heroin use. This study assessed a contingency management (CM) intervention adapted for use in UK drug services to promote heroin abstinence among individuals receiving OAT.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

64.

Heroin assisted treatment for key health outcomes in people with chronic heroin addictions: A context-focused systematic review.

Author: McNairRiley, MonaghanMark, MontgomeryPaul

Heroin addiction treatment

Studies in Europe and Canada show that supervised heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) is effective for people with long-term heroin addiction who haven't responded to standard treatments. This review examines the effectiveness of HAT and how factors like location and program design influence its success.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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