Side Effects of hydroxyzine: A Synthesis of Findings from 30 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Hydroxyzine, a widely used antihistamine, has been shown to have potential side effects in several studies. Research indicates that hydroxyzine can cause side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and respiratory complications. Additionally, the combination of hydroxyzine with other drugs may increase the severity of these side effects. 1

Hydroxyzine may be effective in reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms when used as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist or an antihistamine. However, some studies suggest that hydroxyzine can also cause side effects like impaired psychomotor function and increased drowsiness. 11

Reason for Side Effects

Hydroxyzine acts as an antihistamine by blocking histamine H1 receptors, preventing histamine from acting. Histamine is a substance involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions, and hydroxyzine improves allergic symptoms by suppressing these reactions. However, hydroxyzine also affects the central nervous system, potentially leading to side effects like drowsiness and sedation. 28

Common Side Effects

Drowsiness

Hydroxyzine can cause drowsiness and sedation by acting on the central nervous system. 28

Dry Mouth

Hydroxyzine, due to its anticholinergic properties, can cause side effects such as dry mouth. 1

Respiratory Complications

Hydroxyzine, when combined with other drugs, may lead to respiratory complications. 1

Side Effects Management

Drowsiness

Drowsiness caused by hydroxyzine may be reduced by lowering the dosage. Additionally, refrain from driving or operating machinery if you experience significant drowsiness. 26

Dry Mouth

Dry mouth caused by hydroxyzine can be alleviated by drinking plenty of water. 1

Respiratory Complications

Respiratory complications from hydroxyzine can be minimized by avoiding the combination with other drugs as instructed by your doctor. 1

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies have shown that hydroxyzine can cause side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and respiratory complications. 1

Differences

Some studies suggest that hydroxyzine can also lead to impaired psychomotor function and increased drowsiness. 11

Points to Note for Real-Life Application

While hydroxyzine is an effective antihistamine, it’s crucial to be aware of the potential side effects. Exercise caution when driving or operating machinery as it can cause drowsiness. 28

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of hydroxyzine is still incomplete. In particular, the long-term effects of hydroxyzine are not fully understood. 21

Future Research Directions

To further investigate the side effects of hydroxyzine, long-term research is necessary. Additionally, the development of new treatments to mitigate hydroxyzine's side effects is needed. 21

Conclusion

Hydroxyzine is an effective antihistamine but can cause side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth. If you are taking hydroxyzine, it’s important to understand the risks of side effects and follow your doctor's instructions. 28

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Oral sedation
1
Parent satisfaction
Patient satisfaction
2
PTSD treatment
Prazosin efficacy
Sleep improvement
3
Improved patient safety
Ototoxic drug identification
4
Reduced anxiety
5
Bruxism reduction
6
Rapid diagnosis
7
Drug repositioning
8
Urticaria treatment
10
Reduced withdrawal symptoms
11
Improved adherence
Medicine recall
12
IR reduction
13
Improved sleep quality
Reduced dream anxiety
15
Treats bruxism
Well tolerated
16
GAD treatment
17
Hydroxyzine HCl controlled release
18
Reduced anxiety symptoms
19
Anti-inflammatory effects
20
Dissociation of peripheral and CNS effects
No tolerance or sensitization
Peripheral anti-H1 effects
21
Diagnosis of phospholipidosis
Prediction of toxicity
23
Effective sedation
Safe sedation
24
Improved urticaria
25
Reduced sedation
26
Choriocarcinoma treatment
27
Improved quality of life for allergy patients
28
Psychiatric symptom relief
Sjögren's syndrome treatment
29
Pain relief
30
Risk Keywords
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Respiratory complications
1
Hearing loss risk
Ototoxic drug reactions
4
Side effects
5
Acute dystonia
7
Adverse side effects
Drug-related death
9
Blood pressure
Renal function
10
Adverse effect underreporting
12
Infusion reactions
13
Acute mixed drug toxicity
Multidrug fatality
14
Daytime sleepiness
Mood disturbances
15
Side effects
17
Hydroxyzine HCl side effects
18
CNS side effects
20
CNS impairment
Sedation
21
Adverse effects
Drug interactions
22
Edema
Pain
24
Side effects
25
Sedation
26
Bronchospasms
Cutaneous flushing
Etoposide anaphylaxis
27
Cardiotoxic side effects
28
Delirium
Depression
Retrobulbar neuritis
Vasculitis
29
Side effects
30
Literature analysis of 30 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
3
Article Type
7
2
2
6
29
1.

Safety of hydroxyzine in the sedation of pediatric dental patients.

Author: KimTaegyeom, KimKeoungah, KimSeungoh, KimJongbin

Oral sedation
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Respiratory complications

Hydroxyzine, a common oral sedative in pediatric dentistry, is generally safe when administered at appropriate dosages. The most common side effects are drowsiness and dry mouth. Respiratory complications can occur due to synergistic effects with other medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

An evidence-based approach to psychopharmacology for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - 2022 update.

Author: BajorLaura A, BalsaraCharmi, OsserDavid N

PTSD treatment
Prazosin efficacy
Sleep improvement

This updated algorithm for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prioritizes treatment of sleep impairments with prazosin, followed by an SSRI for persistent symptoms. Other options like second-generation antipsychotics or anti-adrenergic agents for daytime use have limited evidence and are considered later.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Pre-operative anxiolysis in children through a combined pharmacological therapy with hydroxyzine and a non-pharmacological distraction technique with a clown (SONRISA): study protocol for randomised double-blind clinical trial.

Author: Aleo LujánEsther, Lopez-PicadoAmanda, RivasAna, Joyanes AbancensBelén, Rodríguez RojoMarina Laura, Fernández GarcíaPatricia, Soto BeauregardCarmen, Rodríguez AlarcónJaime, González PerrinoCarlos, San Pedro de UrquizaBorja, AriasEva, RodriguezDiamelis, Esteban PolonioCarmen, TorrejónMaria José

Reduced anxiety
Side effects

The use of clowns and hydroxyzine for reducing pre-operative anxiety in children is controversial. While some studies support their effectiveness, others contradict this notion, highlighting the need for further research.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Interventions to reduce bruxism in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review and critical reflection.

Author: ChisiniLuiz Alexandre, San MartinAlissa Schmidt, CademartoriMariana Gonzales, BoscatoNoéli, CorreaMarcos Britto, GoettemsMarília Leão

Bruxism reduction

This study reviews intervention options for bruxism reduction in children and adolescents. It found that medications, occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, and psychological/physical therapy can effectively reduce bruxism.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Pathogenesis and Treatment Considerations.

Author: KaplanAllen P

Urticaria treatment
Blood pressure
Renal function

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition that causes hives and itching. This study discusses the different treatments for CSU, including antihistamines, omalizumab, cyclosporine, and corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Palonosetron and hydroxyzine pre-treatment reduces the objective signs of experimentally-induced acute opioid withdrawal in humans: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study.

Author: ErlendsonMatthew J, D'ArcyNicole, EnciscoEllen M, YuJeffrey J, Rincon-CruzLorena, PeltzGary, ClarkJ David, ChuLarry F

Reduced withdrawal symptoms

The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist palonosetron was found to be effective in reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Premedication prevents infusion reactions and improves retention rate during infliximab treatment.

Author: BartoliFrancesca, BruniCosimo, CometiLaura, BlagojevicJelena, FioriGinevra, TofaniLorenzo, GalluccioFelice, FurstDaniel E, Matucci CerinicMarco

IR reduction
Infusion reactions

This retrospective study evaluated the incidence of infusion reactions (IR) in patients with joint inflammatory diseases receiving infliximab (IFX) with and without premedication. The use of premedication significantly reduced the number of IR to IFX.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Multidrug toxicity involving sumatriptan.

Author: KnittelJessica L, VorceShawn P, LevineBarry, HughesRhome L, BosyThomas Z

Acute mixed drug toxicity
Multidrug fatality

This report describes a multidrug fatality involving sumatriptan, highlighting the potential risks associated with high doses of the medication.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Assessment of the effects of antihistamine drugs on mood, sleep quality, sleepiness, and dream anxiety.

Author: OzdemirPinar Guzel, KaradagAyşe Serap, SelviYavuz, BoysanMurat, BilgiliSerap Gunes, AydinAdem, OnderSevda

Improved sleep quality
Reduced dream anxiety
Daytime sleepiness
Mood disturbances

Both classic and new-generation antihistamines significantly increased daytime sleepiness and nocturnal sleep quality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

A preliminary randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydroxyzine for treating sleep bruxism in children.

Author: GhanizadehA, ZareS

Treats bruxism
Well tolerated

This randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of hydroxyzine for treating sleep bruxism in children. The results showed that hydroxyzine significantly decreased bruxism scores compared to placebo. No serious adverse effects were reported.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Hydroxyzine for generalised anxiety disorder.

Author: GuaianaGiuseppe, BarbuiCorrado, CiprianiAndrea

Reduced anxiety symptoms

Hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, has been explored for its potential in managing generalized anxiety disorder, alongside established treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Characterization of anti-inflammatory properties and evidence for no sedation liability for the novel antihistamine SUN-1334H.

Author: MandhaneSanjay N, ShahJigar H, BahekarPrashant C, MehetreSameer V, PawarChandrashekhar A, BagadAshish S, ChidrewarGajanan U, RaoChitturi Trinadha, RajamannarThennati

Anti-inflammatory effects
CNS side effects

This study compared the anti-inflammatory effects, sedation potential, and interaction with alcohol of SUN-1334H, a new potential antihistamine, with other antihistamines.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Comparison of peripheral and central effects of single and repeated oral dose administrations of bilastine, a new H1 antihistamine: a dose-range study in healthy volunteers with hydroxyzine and placebo as control treatments.

Author: García-GeaConsuelo, Martínez-ColomerJoan, AntonijoanRosa M, ValienteRomán, BarbanojManuel-José

Dissociation of peripheral and CNS effects
No tolerance or sensitization
Peripheral anti-H1 effects
CNS impairment
Sedation

This crossover study assessed the peripheral anti-H1 and central nervous system (CNS) effects of bilastine (BIL) in 20 healthy volunteers. BIL demonstrated significant and sustained peripheral anti-H1 activity with minimal CNS effects at the therapeutic dose of 20 mg. Higher doses (40 mg and 80 mg) produced subjective sedation and objective CNS side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Gene expression profiling in rat liver treated with compounds inducing phospholipidosis.

Author: HirodeMitsuhiro, OnoAtsushi, MiyagishimaToshikazu, NagaoTaku, OhnoYasuo, UrushidaniTetsuro

Diagnosis of phospholipidosis
Prediction of toxicity

This study developed a transcriptome database of rat liver treated with various drugs to identify biomarkers for hepatic phospholipidosis. 78 probe sets were identified that could distinguish between drugs causing phospholipidosis and those with similar histological appearances.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

A comparison of two meperidine/hydroxyzine sedation regimens for the uncooperative pediatric dental patient.

Author: CathersJustin W, WilsonCarolyn F G, WebbMichael D, AlvarezMarta E D, SchiffmanTeresa, TaylorSamuel

Effective sedation
Safe sedation
Edema
Pain

Both submucosal and oral administration of meperidine were found to be safe and effective for sedating uncooperative pediatric dental patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Chronic urticaria: pathogenesis and treatment.

Author: KaplanAllen P

Improved urticaria
Side effects

Chronic urticaria is a condition that causes hives. There are two types of chronic urticaria: chronic idiopathic urticaria and chronic autoimmune urticaria. Treatment for severe chronic urticaria may include high-dose antihistamines, H-2 antagonists, leukotriene antagonists, or low-dose steroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

Central effects of fexofenadine and cetirizine: measurement of psychomotor performance, subjective sleepiness, and brain histamine H1-receptor occupancy using 11C-doxepin positron emission tomography.

Author: TashiroManabu, SakuradaYumiko, IwabuchiKentaro, MochizukiHideki, KatoMotohisa, AokiMariko, FunakiYoshihito, ItohMasatoshi, IwataRen, WongDean F, YanaiKazuhiko

Reduced sedation
Sedation

Fexofenadine and cetirizine are second-generation antihistamines often used to treat allergic disorders. This study compared their sedative profiles using subjective and objective assessments. Fexofenadine showed significantly less impairment in psychomotor performance and subjective sleepiness compared to cetirizine. This difference is likely due to fexofenadine having negligible histamine H1-receptor occupancy in the brain compared to cetirizine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

[Anaphylaxia induced by etoposide--a case report].

Author: TaguchiAkinori, TakeshitaShigeki, MachidaRyouta, HoriYuko, AidaKeiko, FuruyaUshio, OheEiichi, MuraseTakayuki, ShinozukaNorio, AyabeTakuya, MoriHiroyuki

Choriocarcinoma treatment
Bronchospasms
Cutaneous flushing
Etoposide anaphylaxis

A 32-year-old woman experienced an anaphylactic reaction to etoposide, a chemotherapy drug used for choriocarcinoma. The reaction was successfully managed by administering hydroxyzine hydrochloride and modifying the etoposide regimen. This case highlights the importance of being aware of potential anaphylactic reactions to chemotherapeutic agents.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Japanese

28.

Next generation antihistamines: therapeutic rationale, accomplishments and advances.

Author: OppenheimerJohn J, CasaleThomas B

Improved quality of life for allergy patients
Cardiotoxic side effects

This review discusses the evolution of antihistamines, highlighting the development of newer generations with improved safety and efficacy profiles. First-generation antihistamines have significant sedative effects, while second-generation agents were associated with rare but serious cardiac side effects. Third-generation antihistamines, often metabolites of earlier drugs, have demonstrated no cardiac effects and offer improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.

Historical ArticleA research paper that analyzes past events and developments using primary sources and examines them from a historical perspective.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

29.

[Psychiatric manifestations of lupus erythematosus systemic and Sjogren's syndrome].

Author: AmpélasJ F, WattiauxM J, Van AmerongenA P

Psychiatric symptom relief
Sjögren's syndrome treatment
Delirium
Depression
Retrobulbar neuritis
Vasculitis

This case report describes a patient with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with predominant psychiatric manifestations. The patient was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. The report also reviews the psychiatric aspects of SLE and SS, including etiopathogenic hypotheses and treatment options.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

30.

Intraosseous lidocaine provides effective analgesia for percutaneous vertebroplasty of osteoporotic fractures.

Author: SesayMusa, DoussetVincent, LiguoroDominique, PéhourcqFabienne, CailléJean-Marie, MaurettePierre

Pain relief
Side effects

Intraosseous lidocaine is as effective as the association of iv nalbuphine and propacetamol for analgesia in percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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