Side Effects of levofloxacin: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Levofloxacin is an antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Many studies have shown that levofloxacin is effective in treating bacterial infections, but it also has the risk of side effects. These studies investigated the possibility of levofloxacin causing side effects, the mechanisms of these side effects, and how to reduce side effects.

Levofloxacin has been shown to have a lower risk of side effects compared to other antibiotics. For example, the study 1 showed that levofloxacin has a lower incidence of side effects compared to other antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cefuroxime axetil, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate.

Also, the study 18 evaluated the safety of levonadifloxacin, a novel benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone, and found no serious side effects even at high doses.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of levofloxacin are thought to be caused by a variety of factors, including its pharmacological action, metabolism, and the individual patient's constitution. Levofloxacin exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, but it may also affect human cells.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

According to the study 1 , levofloxacin, like other antibiotics, is likely to cause gastrointestinal side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The study 2 also reported that nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were the most commonly reported side effects of levofloxacin.

Central Nervous System

According to the study 2 , levofloxacin has a lower potential for affecting the central nervous system than other fluoroquinolones, but side effects such as dizziness, headache, and insomnia have been reported. The study 9 reported movement disorders caused by levofloxacin.

Allergy

According to the study 2 , levofloxacin has a lower incidence of side effects such as skin allergies compared to other fluoroquinolones.

Other

The study 13 shows that levofloxacin can cause transient mixed sensorimotor lacunar syndrome when overdosed.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

To reduce gastrointestinal side effects caused by levofloxacin, dietary changes and medication may be used.

Central Nervous System

To reduce central nervous system side effects caused by levofloxacin, it may be necessary to adjust the time of administration or use other medications in combination.

Allergy

If you develop an allergic reaction to levofloxacin, you should consult your doctor immediately.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities among Studies

Many studies have shown that levofloxacin is effective in treating bacterial infections, but it also has the risk of side effects.

Differences among Studies

There are differences in the incidence, type, and severity of levofloxacin side effects in each study. This is thought to be influenced by differences in the study subjects' age, gender, type of illness, and dosage.

Things to Keep in Mind When Applying to Real Life

Levofloxacin is an effective drug for treating bacterial infections, but you need to be aware of the risk of side effects. If you experience side effects, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on side effects of levofloxacin is still not sufficient. In particular, research on long-term side effects is insufficient.

Future Research Directions

To better understand the side effects of levofloxacin, future research on long-term side effects and the mechanisms of side effect development is needed.

Conclusion

Levofloxacin is an effective drug for treating bacterial infections, but there is also a risk of side effects. If you experience side effects, consult your doctor immediately.

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
0
0
4
16
1.

A comparison of side effects of levofloxacin to other agents concerning the ecological and microbiological effects on normal human flora.

Author: AcarJ F

low ADR rate
low ecological impact
safe
gastrointestinal side effects

This study compared the safety of levofloxacin to that of non-fluoroquinolone alternatives used for respiratory tract infections. Levofloxacin was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events and a milder effect on normal microflora compared to other agents.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Comparison of side effects of levofloxacin versus other fluoroquinolones.

Author: CarbonC

low CNS adverse events
low hepatic abnormalities
safe
QTc prolongation
diarrhea
nausea
vomiting

This study compared the side-effect profile of levofloxacin to other fluoroquinolones. Levofloxacin was found to be very safe with a low rate of hepatic abnormalities, CNS adverse events, and phototoxicity. It also showed a lower rate of adverse drug reactions compared to other fluoroquinolones.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

A Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient with Cutaneous <i>Mycobacterium haemophilum</i> Infection under Belimumab Treatment: A Case Report.

Author: KimJonghun, HasegawaToshio, TadaKurisu, UeharaYuki, FukuiYukiko, NakamuraAyako, TakeiSatomi, MitaraiSatoshi, AonoAkio, IkedaShigaku

Effective for SLE
Mycobacterial infection risk

Belimumab is a B cell-targeted biologic drug used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This case report describes a patient who developed Mycobacterium haemophilum infection after starting belimumab therapy. This suggests that belimumab may increase the risk of mycobacterial infections.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

4.

A Rare Case of Levofloxacin-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: Case Report and Literature Review.

Author: OmoregieOsahon, UgwuokeUyonne T, AghoOsamede, OkonnaUwemedimoh C, IklakiWinifred U, OkoroGrace C

Acute pancreatitis management
Improved UTI treatment
Acute pancreatitis
Liver toxicity
Photosensitivity

This article reports a case of levofloxacin-induced acute pancreatitis in a female patient. The patient developed typical manifestations of acute pancreatitis after taking levofloxacin for a urinary tract infection.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

5.

Clinical Experience with Off-Label Intrathecal Administration of Selected Antibiotics in Adults: An Overview with Pharmacometric Considerations.

Author: MullerAnouk E, van VlietPeter, KochBirgit C P

Intracerebral infection treatment
Side effects

यो लेखले ड्रेन-सम्बन्धित इन्ट्रासेरेब्रल संकलनहरूको उपचार को लागि अफ-लेबल intrathecal (IT) खुराक को प्रयोग को बारेमा जानकारी प्रदान गर्छ।

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Cyclodextrins and Their Polymers Affect Human Serum Albumin's Interaction with Drugs Used in the Treatment of Pulmonary Infections.

Author: SkuredinaAnna A, YakupovaLinara R, KopnovaTatiana Yu, Le-DeygenIrina M, BelogurovaNatalya G, KudryashovaElena V

Antibacterial activity
Prolonged drug release

This study proposes cyclodextrin (CD) and CD-based polymers as drug delivery systems for ceftriaxone, meropenem, and levofloxacin, three commonly used antibiotics. CD polymers showed high binding affinity and prolonged drug release.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Fluoroquinolone-Associated Movement Disorder: A Literature Review.

Author: RissardoJamir Pitton, CapraraAna Letícia Fornari

Ataxia
Cerebellar syndromes
Dyskinesias
Dystonias
Myoclonus
Tic

This review of 45 reports examining fluoroquinolones (FQNs)-associated movement disorders (MDs) found that MDs were reported in 51 cases, including myoclonus, dyskinesias, dystonias, cerebellar syndromes, ataxia, and tics. The majority of patients (95.83%) fully recovered after drug withdrawal and management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Case Series of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Treated with Hydroxychloroquine.

Author: TanakaTomohiro, OkamotoMasaki, MatsuoNorikazu, Naitou-NishidaYoshiko, NounoTakashi, KojimaTakashi, NishiiYuuya, UchiyashikiYoshihiro, TakeokaHiroaki, NagasakiYoji

COVID-19 treatment
Improved condition
Cardiac events
Diarrhea
Liver enzyme elevation

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy for COVID-19 has been widely debated. This case series shows that HCQ was well-tolerated in 27 patients with COVID-19, with manageable side effects. Although HCQ has not been endorsed as a standard treatment for COVID-19, this study provides evidence of its tolerability in some patients.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

12.

Helicobacter pylori eradication rates using clarithromycin and levofloxacin-based regimens in patients with previous COVID-19 treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

Author: KamalAhmed, GhazyRamy Mohamed, SheriefDalia, IsmailAliaa, EllakanyWalid Ismail

H. pylori eradication
Antibiotic misuse

This study compares the efficacy of clarithromycin-based versus levofloxacin-based regimens for treating Helicobacter pylori in patients after the COVID-19 pandemic misuse of antibiotics. The study aims to inform treatment strategies considering the potential impact of antibiotic misuse on H. pylori eradication rates.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Levofloxacin-associated transient mixed sensorimotor lacunar syndrome.

Author: MichelassiFrancesco, BloomJoshua, SuMark K, NaqviImama A

Hemiparesis
Transient ischemic attack

A case report highlights the potential for acute levofloxacin overdose to cause transient ischemic attack (TIA), presenting as hemiparesis. While fluoroquinolones are common antibiotics, overdose events are rare and their potential neurological side effects are not fully understood.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Pharmacovigilance of cutaneous adverse drug reactions in associations with drugs and medical conditions: a retrospective study of hospitalized patients.

Author: ZhengLei, JinHao-Bin, GuanYu-Yao, YangJing

Prevent CADR
Kidney damage
Liver damage

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are often associated with other adverse drug reactions, particularly rashes and pruritus. Antibiotics and herbal injections were the most common culprits. Detailed attention to patient history and drug safety can help prevent or reverse CADRs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Real-world evidence of levofloxacin prophylaxis in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who received bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone regimen.

Author: KimSu-In, JungSung-Hoon, YhimHo-Young, JoJae-Cheol, SongGa-Young, KimMihee, AhnSeo-Yeon, AhnJae-Sook, YangDeok-Hwan, KimHyeoung-Joon, LeeJe-Jung

Infection prevention
MM treatment

This study evaluated the efficacy of levofloxacin prophylaxis in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (VMP) therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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