Effects of mmr vaccine: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

MMR vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. 20 It has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of these diseases. 20 Some studies suggest that MMR vaccine may also offer protection against other infections. 2 However, MMR vaccine can also cause some side effects, although most of them are mild and temporary. 19 The most common side effects are pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, and fever. 19 More serious side effects, such as thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, are rare but can be life-threatening. 19 ， 6

Benefits and Risks

Benefits summary

MMR vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. 20 It has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of these diseases. 20 MMR vaccination is also associated with lower rates of hospitalization for other infectious diseases. 2

Risks summary

MMR vaccine is very safe, but it can cause some side effects, although most of them are mild and temporary. 19 The most common side effects are pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, and fever. 19 More serious side effects, such as thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, are rare but can be life-threatening. 19 ， 6

Comparison across studies

Commonalities across studies

Multiple studies confirm that MMR vaccine is effective in preventing measles, mumps, and rubella. 20 ， 9 ， 18 Some studies also suggest that MMR vaccine may offer protection against other infections. 2

Differences across studies

Research findings vary regarding the side effects of MMR vaccine. 19 ， 6 While some studies indicate that MMR vaccine can cause severe side effects, such as thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, 19 ， 6 most studies suggest that side effects are mild and temporary. 19

Consistency and contradictions in findings

The majority of studies consistently demonstrate the efficacy of MMR vaccine in preventing measles, mumps, and rubella. 20 ， 9 ， 18 However, some variation exists in research findings concerning side effects, with some studies indicating a higher risk of severe adverse events than others. 19 ， 6

Caveats for real-life application

MMR vaccine is a crucial tool in preventing serious diseases, and it is important to understand that despite its safety, rare adverse events can occur. 19 It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to weigh the benefits and risks of MMR vaccination, particularly in the case of individuals with specific medical conditions or allergies. 19

Limitations of current research

While research on MMR vaccine provides valuable information, it has certain limitations. 19 Some studies may have small sample sizes, leading to potential bias in their results. 19 Furthermore, some studies may not be long-term in nature, making it difficult to assess long-term effects. 19

Future research directions

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of MMR vaccine, further research is essential. 19 Larger-scale studies with increased sample sizes can help to ensure greater accuracy and generalizability of findings. 19 Moreover, conducting long-term studies is crucial to evaluate long-term effects and better understand the potential benefits and risks of MMR vaccination. 19

Conclusion

MMR vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella, significantly reducing the incidence of these diseases. 20 However, it is important to be aware that, like all medications, MMR vaccine carries a small risk of side effects. 19 It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss any concerns and make an informed decision about MMR vaccination. 19

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
4
Article Type
2
2
2
2
23
1.

Unintended events following immunization with MMR: a systematic review.

Author: JeffersonTom, PriceDeirdre, DemicheliVittorio, BiancoElvira,

Lower respiratory infections
MMR vaccine effectiveness
Aseptic meningitis
Irritability
Joint pain
Parotitis
Thrombocytopenic purpura

A systematic review of 22 studies found that the MMR vaccine is associated with a lower incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, a higher incidence of irritability, and similar incidence of other adverse effects compared to placebo. It is likely associated with benign thrombocytopenic purpura (TP), parotitis, joint and limb complaints, and aseptic meningitis (mumps Urabe strain-containing MMR). Exposure to MMR is unlikely to be associated with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, autism, or aseptic meningitis (mumps Jeryl-Lynn strain-containing MMR).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Non-specific effects of MMR vaccines on infectious disease related hospitalizations during the second year of life in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: SinzingerAndrea Xaver, Von KriesRüdiger, SiedlerAnette, WichmannOle, HarderThomas

MMR vaccination
confounding factors
vaccine bias

This study reviewed the evidence regarding the potential benefit of MMR vaccination on the risk of hospitalization due to infectious diseases. The available evidence is insufficient to support a change in current vaccination schedules.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

Antibody Persistence Following Administration of a Hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T Vaccine Versus Separate DTwP-HB-PRP~T and IPV Vaccines and Safety and Immunogenicity of a Booster Dose of DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T Administered With an MMR Vaccine in Healthy Infants in India.

Author: MangaruleSomnath, SiddaiahPrashanth, KawadeAnand, DhatiRavi Mandyam, PadmavathiInumarthi Vara, PalkarSonali, TripathiVirendranath, SinghRaghvendra, PalviKudyar, MitraMonjori, ShettyRanjitha, LeclercqJulie, MiddeVenkata Jayanth, VargheseKucku, KandukuriSreeramulu Reddy, KukianDarshna, NoriegaFernando

Pertussis vaccine efficacy

A booster dose of DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine was immunogenic and safe when administered concomitantly with MMR vaccine or 28 days before MMR. The co-administration did not affect the immunogenicity of MMR.

Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Viral Vaccines in a Multicenter Cohort of Pediatric Transplant Recipients.

Author: FeldmanAmy G, BeatyBrenda L, FerrolinoJose A, MaronGabriela, WeidnerHillary K, AliSaira A, BitterfeldLeandra, BoulwareMary Alice, CampbellKathleen M, CarrEmily, ChapmanShelley, ChangYeh-Chung, CunninghamRyan, DallasRonald H, DantuluriKeerti L, DomenickBryanna N, EbelNoelle H, ElisofonScott, FawazRima, FocaMarc, GansHayley A, GopalareddyVani V, GuCindy, GuptaNitika A, HarmannKatherine, HollenbeckJessica, HupplerAnna R, JaramilloCatalina, KasiNagraj, KerkarNanda, LerretStacee, LobrittoSteven J, LopezMaclovio J, MariniElizabeth, MavisAlisha, MehraSonia, MoatsLynnette, MohandasSindhu, MunozFlor M, MysoreKrupa R, OnsanCeren, OvchinskyNadia, PerkinsKerrigan, PostmaStacy, PratscherLauren, RandElizabeth B, RoweRegina K, SchultzDanielle, SearKatherine, SellMegan L, SharmaTanvi, StollJanis, VangMychoua, VillarinDominique, WeaverCarly, WoodPhoebe, Woodford-BerryOlivia, YanniGeorge, Danziger-IsakovLara A

MMR and VZV vaccine benefits
Vaccine strain infection

Live vaccines such as MMR and VZV have not been routinely recommended after solid organ transplantation due to concerns about vaccine-strain infection in immunocompromised individuals. However, rising rates of vaccine-preventable diseases necessitate reevaluation of this practice to protect vulnerable populations.

Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Virus and Seroresponse to the Vaccinations in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Candidates.

Author: JavaidHana, PrasadPooja, De GolovineAleksandra, HasbunRodrigo, JyothulaSoma, MachicaoVictor, BynonJohn S, OstroskyLuis, NigoMasayuki

Reduced MMRV morbidity

This study describes the seroprevalence of MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella) and the efficacy of MMRV vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine at age 6 months and hospitalisation for infection before age 12 months: randomised controlled trial.

Author: ZimakoffAnne Cathrine, JensenAndreas, VittrupDorthe Maria, HerlufsenEmma Hoppe, SørensenJesper Kiehn, MalonMichelle, SvenssonJannet, StensballeLone Graff

MMR vaccine safety

This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial tested for potential non-specific effects of an additional, early measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine on the risk of infection-related hospitalization in infants. Findings did not support the hypothesis that early MMR vaccination decreases the rate of hospitalizations for non-targeted infection.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effect of MMR Vaccination to Mitigate Severe Sequelae Associated With COVID-19: Challenges and Lessons Learned.

Author: NoverrMairi C, YanoJunko, HagenseeMichael E, LinHui-Yi, MeyaskiMary C, MeyaskiErin, CameronJennifer, ShellitoJudd, TrauthAmber, FidelPaul L

Sepsis prevention

A clinical trial investigated the non-specific immune effects of the MMR vaccine on COVID-19. The trial was inconclusive, but it showed that high COVID-19 antibody titers occurred more often in those who received the MMR vaccine compared to placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine 12 months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Author: RandiBruno Azevedo, FernandesEder Gatti, HigashinoHermes Ryoiti, LopesMarta Heloisa, RochaVanderson Geraldo, CostaSilvia Figueiredo, SartoriAna Marli Christovam

MMR vaccination

This retrospective study evaluated the timing of MMR vaccination after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and any reported side effects. Of 82 patients, 75.6% received the MMR vaccine before 23 months post-transplantation. None reported side effects. The data suggests that the MMR vaccination is safe from 12 to 23 months after HSCT.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Quantification of Waning Immunity After Measles Vaccination-Evidence From a Seroprevalence Study.

Author: ZibolenováJana, HudečkováHenrieta, ChladnáZuzana, MalobickáEva, NovákMartin, WaczulíkováIveta, MikasJán, MečochováAdriana

Measles immunity
Waning immunity

This study quantified rates of waning immunity after measles vaccination from seroprevalence data collected in Slovakia. The average waning rate after the first dose of MMR vaccine was 9.7% per year, while the rate after the second dose was significantly lower at 4.8% per year. This decline in antibody levels suggests that vaccine-induced protection may be compromised, leading to an increase in seronegative/borderline individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Case report: Persistent shedding of a live vaccine-derived rubella virus in a young man with severe combined immunodeficiency and cutaneous granuloma.

Author: BonnerKimberly E, SukermanEllie, LikoJuventila, LanzieriTatiana M, SuttonMelissa, DeBessEmilio, LeesmanChristopher, IcenogleJoseph, HaoLiJuan, ChenMin-Hsin, FaisthalabRaeesa, LemanRichard F, CieslakPaul R, DeRavinSuk See, PerelyginaLudmila

Cutaneous granulomas
Persistent VDRV infection
Viral shedding

This case report describes a young man with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency who developed a persistent vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) infection, leading to the emergence of cutaneous granulomas more than 15 years after receiving two doses of MMR vaccine. VDRV was detected in respiratory samples, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine, highlighting the potential for prolonged shedding and possible transmission. However, no evidence of VDRV transmission to close contacts was found.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

17.

A retrospective nationwide register-based study to evaluate the non-specific effects of first MMR vaccination among children in Finland.

Author: PalmuAkseli A M, NieminenHeta, LahdenkariMika, PalmuArto A

MMR vaccine
Non-specific effect

This study investigated the potential non-specific effects of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. While earlier studies suggested a protective effect against other infections, this natural experiment in Finland did not support this conclusion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Epidemiological features and risk factors for measles and rubella in Taiwan during 2011 to 2020.

Author: YuChia-Peng, ChenBao-Chung, ChouYu-Ching, HsiehChi-Jeng, LinFu-Huang

Measles prevention
Rubella prevention

Measles and rubella cases in Taiwan have significantly decreased in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased vaccination coverage and travel restrictions likely contributed to this decline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Immune non-interference and safety study of Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine with a measles, mumps and rubella containing vaccine in 9-15 months old Nepalese infants.

Author: SalujaTarun, RaiGanesh Kumar, ChaudharyShipra, KanodiaPiush, GiriBishnu Rath, KimDeok Ryun, YangJae Seung, ParkIl-Yeon, KyungSeung-Eun, VemulaSridhar, Reddy EJagadeesh, KimBomi, GuptaBirendra Prasad, JoSue Kyoung, RyuJi Hwa, ParkHo Keun, ShinJong Hoon, LeeYoonyeong, KimHun, KimJerome H, MojaresZenaida Reynoso, WartelT Anh, SahastrabuddheSushant

High immunogenicity

This study assessed the non-interference of Vi-DT TCV with a measles-containing vaccine in 9-15 months old healthy infants in Nepal.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Uptake of infant and preschool immunisations in Scotland and England during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study of routinely collected data.

Author: McQuaidFiona, MulhollandRachel, Sangpang RaiYuma, AgrawalUtkarsh, BedfordHelen, CameronJ Claire, GibbonsCheryl, RoyPartho, SheikhAziz, ShiTing, SimpsonColin R, TaitJudith, TessierElise, TurnerSteve, Villacampa OrtegaJaime, WhiteJoanne, WoodRachael

Immunisation uptake

The study analyzed the impact of different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood immunization uptake rates in Scotland and England.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Association Between Subnational Vaccine Coverage, Migration, and Incident Cases of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Iraq, 2001-2016.

Author: ComfortHaley, LaftaRiyadh K, FlaxmanAbraham D, HagopianAmy, DuberHerbert C

Measles incidence reduction

There is high geospatial disparity in disease incidence in Iraq, particularly for measles. Even when vaccine coverage was constant, measles incidence was higher in locations with more displaced persons.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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