Side Effects of naloxegol: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Naloxegol is an orally administered, peripherally acting, µ opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA) approved for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in noncancer patients. 11 It has been shown to be effective in patients who have not responded to traditional constipation treatments. 12 Naloxegol has the potential to become the first-line treatment for noncancer patients with OIC due to its efficacy, safety, and oral administration. 11

Reasons for side effects

Side effects of naloxegol are primarily due to its antagonism of opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. 11 However, since it has limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it does not significantly impact the central analgesic effects of opioids. 7

Common side effects

Gastrointestinal

The most common side effects of naloxegol are gastrointestinal in nature, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. 11 These side effects are usually mild and transient. 11

Psychiatric

Mood changes such as agitation, confusion, irritability, hysteria, and unprompted crying spells have been reported in a patient with pre-existing bipolar disorder. 2 This highlights the potential for unusual adverse effects in patients with underlying psychiatric illness. 2

Side effects management

Gastrointestinal

To minimize gastrointestinal side effects, it is recommended to take naloxegol with food. 11 If symptoms are severe, consult your doctor.

Psychiatric

If you experience psychiatric side effects, discontinue naloxegol and consult your doctor. 2

Comparison across studies

Commonalities

All studies showed that naloxegol was effective in treating OIC.

Differences

The frequency and severity of side effects may vary across studies. This could be due to differences in patient characteristics, dosages, or study design.

Practical application considerations

Naloxegol may be a suitable option for patients who have not responded to traditional constipation treatments. 12 However, it is important to note that it is not effective for everyone, and it can cause gastrointestinal and psychiatric side effects. Consult with your doctor if you are considering taking naloxegol.

Limitations of current research

There is limited research on the long-term efficacy and safety of naloxegol. There is also a lack of research on the effectiveness of naloxegol in specific populations, such as patients with pre-existing psychiatric illness or older adults. 10

Future research directions

Further research is needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of naloxegol. Studies should also explore its effectiveness in specific populations. Additionally, developing new administration methods or combination therapies to enhance its effectiveness could be beneficial.

Conclusion

Naloxegol is an effective oral PAMORA for treating OIC, especially in those who haven't responded to conventional treatments. 12 However, it is not effective for everyone, and it can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal issues and potential mood changes in patients with psychiatric pre-existing conditions. 2 It is crucial to consult your doctor before starting naloxegol.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
0
0
0
9
14
1.

Naloxegol and Postoperative Urinary Retention: A Randomized Trial.

Author: TuranAlparslan, FangJonathan, EsaWael Ali Sakr, HamadnallaHassan, LeungSteve, PuXuan, RazaSyed, ChelnickDavid, Mounir SolimanLoran, SeifJohn, RuetzlerKurt, SesslerDaniel I

Urinary retention

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of naloxegol on opioid-induced bladder dysfunction following hip and knee surgery. The study found no significant difference in residual urine volume between the naloxegol and placebo groups. Therefore, the authors concluded that naloxegol is not recommended for the treatment of postoperative urinary retention.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Associated mood changes with naloxegol therapy for opioid-induced constipation in a patient with psychiatric disease.

Author: NagdaNeil, JavedSaba

Agitation
Confusion
Crying spells
Hysteria
Irritability
Mood lability

This clinical case report highlights unusual adverse effects of naloxegol therapy in a patient with pre-existing bipolar disorder. The patient experienced mood lability and profound psychiatric manifestations after taking naloxegol, which are not typically described as side effects by the drug manufacturer. Clinicians should be aware of these potential adverse effects when prescribing naloxegol to patients with psychiatric co-morbidities.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

[Opioid-induced constipation in oncologic patient: a clinical case treated with naloxegol].

Author: GalloPasquale

Opioid-induced constipation

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common side effect of opioid therapy in oncologic patients. This case report shows how naloxegol, a peripheral mu-opioid receptor antagonist, effectively solved OIC in an oncologic patient, improving her quality of life.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Italian

6.

New opioid receptor modulators and agonists.

Author: KayeAlan D, CornettElyse M, PatilShilpa S, GennusoSonja A, ColontonioMatthew M, LatimerDustin R, KayeAaron J, UrmanRichard D, VadiveluNalini

Addiction treatment
Opioid abuse treatment
Pain management

This review discusses the development of novel opioid receptor modulators, which aim to provide pain relief with fewer side effects compared to traditional opioids. These modulators can act as both agonists and antagonists, interacting with different opioid receptors. The review highlights the potential of these compounds in treating pain, opioid abuse, and addiction, emphasizing the importance of continued research and development in this field.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Peripherally Acting μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Related Side Effects: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications.

Author: StreicherJohn M, BilskyEdward J

Opioid induced constipation
Opioid bowel dysfunction

Opioids can cause constipation, a common side effect that can negatively impact patients’ quality of life. New drugs called PAMORAs can reduce constipation without affecting the pain-relieving effects of opioids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists as treatment options for constipation in noncancer pain patients on chronic opioid therapy.

Author: PergolizziJoseph V, RaffaRobert B, PappagalloMarco, FleischerCharles, PergolizziJoseph, ZampognaGianpietro, DuvalElizabeth, HishmehJanan, LeQuangJo Ann, TaylorRobert

Bowel symptom improvement
Opioid analgesia
Abdominal pain

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common and troubling side effect of opioid therapy. This study discusses new treatments for OIC, including peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists like methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, and alvimopan. These medications have been shown to improve bowel symptoms without impacting pain relief, but potential side effects like abdominal pain exist. The study also mentions fixed-dose combination products of oxycodone and naloxone as another treatment option.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Opioid-induced constipation in chronic noncancer pain.

Author: WeberH Christian

OIC treatment

This review examines new medications for treating opioid-induced constipation (OIC), a common side effect of opioid use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Clinical utility of naloxegol in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation.

Author: BrunerHeather C, AtayeeRabia S, EdmondsKyle P, BuckholzGary T

Opioid-induced constipation treatment

Naloxegol, an orally administered peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, is used to treat opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in noncancer patients. It has been shown to be effective in patients who fail traditional constipation treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Naloxegol , a new drug for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation.

Author: CorsettiMaura, TackJan

OIC treatment

Naloxegol, an orally administered, peripherally acting, μ-opioid receptor antagonist, was developed for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Naloxegol for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation.

Author: TackJan, CorsettiMaura

Constipation relief
Gastrointestinal side effects

This drug profile summarizes published information on the effects of naloxegol, a peripherally-acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, in opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Naloxegol was effective in inhibiting OIC without signs of opioid withdrawal. Side effects were mainly gastrointestinal in origin and usually transient and mild.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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