Effects of naloxone nasal spray: A Synthesis of Findings from 8 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Prescription of benzodiazepines, z-drugs, and gabapentinoids in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) may increase the risk of mortality. 8 However, these medications may also increase treatment duration, leading to overall benefit. 8

The Opioid Rapid Response System™ (ORRS) is a training program for lay citizens to administer naloxone nasal spray in cases of opioid overdose. 1 This program has been shown to improve knowledge of opioid overdose, confidence in responding, and reduce concerns about responding. 1

Higher doses of naloxone nasal spray are potentially effective in treating opioid overdose.

Naloxone nasal spray is effective for treating opioid overdose in community settings. 3

Take-home naloxone is recognized as a potentially effective strategy for preventing opioid overdose deaths. 6 In France, naloxone nasal spray has been approved for use in opioid overdose treatment. 6

In Germany, take-home naloxone is considered a crucial component of emergency drug prophylaxis. 7

While higher-dose naloxone nasal spray may be effective in treating opioid overdose, patients may have concerns about increased withdrawal symptoms. 2

Naloxone nasal spray has been proven to be safe and effective for treating opioid overdose. 5

Naloxone is a safe and effective treatment for opioid overdose. 4 It should be made available not only to healthcare professionals but also to the general public. 4

Higher-dose naloxone nasal spray has the potential to be effective in treating opioid overdose.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Naloxone nasal spray has proven to be a safe and effective method for treating opioid overdose. 4 It should be made available not only to healthcare professionals but also to the general public. 4 Naloxone nasal spray training programs have been shown to improve knowledge of opioid overdose, confidence in responding, and reduce concerns about responding. 1 Higher doses of naloxone nasal spray have the potential to be effective in treating opioid overdose.

Risk Summary

Prescription of benzodiazepines, z-drugs, and gabapentinoids in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment may increase the risk of mortality. 8 Higher doses of naloxone nasal spray may lead to more intense withdrawal symptoms. 2

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have indicated the effectiveness of naloxone nasal spray in treating opioid overdose. 5 、 4 、 3 、 、 Many studies advocate for making naloxone nasal spray available to the general public. 4 、 3

Differences

Research on naloxone nasal spray reveals varying results in terms of dosage and formulations. 3 、 、 Additionally, the methods used to investigate the use of naloxone nasal spray vary across studies. 8 、 1

Consistency and Discrepancies in Findings

While numerous studies demonstrate the effectiveness of naloxone nasal spray in treating opioid overdose, further research may be necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of higher doses of naloxone nasal spray. 2 Additionally, results indicate that prescription of benzodiazepines, z-drugs, and gabapentinoids in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment might increase the risk of mortality. 8

Practical Applications and Considerations

Naloxone nasal spray has the potential to be a lifesaver in opioid overdose emergencies. 4 However, it is not a substitute for professional treatment of opioid overdose. 4 Treating opioid overdose requires professional medical care. 4

Limitations of Current Research

A common limitation in naloxone nasal spray research is the small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. 4 Larger studies may be needed to further assess the efficacy and safety of naloxone nasal spray. 4

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to assess the efficacy and safety of higher-dose naloxone nasal spray. 2 Additionally, more detailed studies may be required to investigate the impact of prescribing benzodiazepines, z-drugs, and gabapentinoids in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment. 8

Conclusion

Naloxone nasal spray has proven to be a safe and effective method for treating opioid overdose. 4 It should be made available not only to healthcare professionals but also to the general public. 4 Opioid overdose is a serious issue, and naloxone nasal spray could play a vital role in preventing opioid overdose deaths. 4 Treating opioid overdose requires professional medical care. 4

Literature analysis of 8 papers
Positive Content
8
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
1
0
0
2
8
1.

Developing the Opioid Rapid Response System™ for Lay Citizen Response to the Opioid Overdose Crisis: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: HechtMichael L, JayawardeneWasantha, HendersonCris, PezallaAnnie, Flood-GradyElizabeth, KriegerJanice L, FrederickAmy, ParkerMaria, AblesErin

Opioid overdose prevention

This study aimed to develop the Opioid Rapid Response System (ORRS) to train lay citizens to administer naloxone in opioid overdoses. The study evaluated the effectiveness of ORRS in a randomized clinical trial.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

2.

Patient perceptions of higher-dose naloxone nasal spray for opioid overdose.

Author: StricklandJustin C, MarksKatherine R, SmithKirsten E, EllisJennifer D, HobelmannJ Gregory, HuhnAndrew S

Precipitated withdrawal

This study explores patient perceptions of higher-dose naloxone formulations. Concerns regarding increased precipitated withdrawal risk associated with higher doses were raised. Findings from this study are crucial to inform scientific debate and distribution efforts related to higher-dose naloxone formulations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

3.

Use of naloxone nasal spray 4 mg in the community setting: a survey of use by community organizations.

Author: AvetianGeorge K, FiutyPhillip, MazzellaSilvana, KoppaDave, HeyeVivian, HebbarPratibha

Opioid overdose reversal

This survey investigated the real-world experiences of first responders and community-based organizations with the newly approved intranasal naloxone formulation for opioid overdose reversal.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Review of naloxone safety for opioid overdose: practical considerations for new technology and expanded public access.

Author: WermelingDaniel P

Opioid overdose treatment
Withdrawal symptoms

This review discusses the use of naloxone in treating opioid overdose, including its safety and efficacy when administered by non-healthcare professionals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

[Interest of take-home naloxone for opioid overdose].

Author: FraugerElisabeth, KheloufiFarid, BoucherieQuentin, MonzonEmilie, JupinLeonard, RichardNathalie, MallaretMichel, MicallefJoëlle

Naloxone efficacy
Opioid overdose treatment
Opioid overdose
Opioid use

Opioid overdose is a major public health concern. Naloxone is an effective antidote for opioid overdose, and its availability to people likely to witness an overdose can significantly reduce fatalities.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

7.

[Take-home naloxone: a building block of drug emergency prophylaxis in Germany].

Author: FleißnerSimon, StöverHeino, SchäfferDirk

Opioid overdose reversal
Reduced opioid overdose deaths

This discussion article reviews the development of take-home naloxone (THN) in Germany since 1998. THN is an important intervention for reducing opioid overdose deaths, but its implementation in Germany has been limited. The article highlights the difficulties and outlines strategies for expanding THN availability and making it a more effective public health intervention.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

8.

Prescription of benzodiazepines, z-drugs, and gabapentinoids and mortality risk in people receiving opioid agonist treatment: Observational study based on the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Office for National Statistics death records.

Author: MacleodJohn, SteerColin, TillingKate, CornishRosie, MarsdenJohn, MillarTim, StrangJohn, HickmanMatthew

Treatment duration
Mortality

This study investigated the relationship between benzodiazepine prescriptions and mortality risk in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid dependency. The researchers hypothesized that benzodiazepines would increase mortality risk, regardless of any increased treatment duration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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