Effects of nitazoxanide: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Nitazoxanide has shown potential as a treatment for various parasitic infections, including cryptosporidiosis, echinococcosis, *Trichuris muris*, and *Ancylostoma ceylanicum*. 5 , 15 , 12 , 14 Specifically, it has been found to be particularly effective against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice. 5 Furthermore, nitazoxanide may exhibit synergistic effects when used in combination with other antiparasitic drugs. 12 It has also been demonstrated to possess immunomodulatory properties, suggesting its potential to improve immune responses in diabetic individuals. 6 Beyond parasitic infections, nitazoxanide has shown promise in treating Parkinson's disease. 10 , 3 Its mild uncoupling effect on mitochondria may enhance cellular autophagy and promote the clearance of α-synuclein, a protein implicated in Parkinson's disease. 3 Additionally, nitazoxanide's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties make it a potential candidate for treating COVID-19. 8

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Nitazoxanide exhibits potential as a treatment for various parasitic infections, including cryptosporidiosis, echinococcosis, *Trichuris muris*, and *Ancylostoma ceylanicum*. It may also improve immune responses in diabetic individuals and holds promise for treating Parkinson's disease. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties suggest potential benefits in treating COVID-19.

Risks Summary

Nitazoxanide may affect the pharmacokinetics of other medications, such as warfarin. 1 Furthermore, its effectiveness against human norovirus may be limited.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies consistently highlight the effectiveness of nitazoxanide against various parasitic infections, including cryptosporidiosis, echinococcosis, *Trichuris muris*, and *Ancylostoma ceylanicum*. Additionally, it has been shown to exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other antiparasitic drugs.

Differences

The specific effectiveness and potential applications of nitazoxanide vary across different studies. For instance, while nitazoxanide appears highly effective against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice, its efficacy against *Trichuris muris* and *Ancylostoma ceylanicum* may be more limited. Furthermore, while nitazoxanide's influence on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin is documented, further research is necessary to understand its interactions with other medications.

Consistency and Contradictions

Although multiple studies demonstrate nitazoxanide's potential against parasitic infections, variations in effectiveness and potential applications exist. Further investigation is crucial to comprehensively assess its safety and efficacy.

Implications for Daily Life

Nitazoxanide may be used to treat parasitic infections, but its effectiveness can vary. Additionally, it can affect the pharmacokinetics of other medications. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking nitazoxanide and avoid self-medication.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the safety and efficacy of nitazoxanide is still ongoing. Further investigation is needed to thoroughly assess its safety, drug interactions, long-term effects, and effectiveness against various parasitic infections.

Future Research Directions

Continued research is crucial to further assess nitazoxanide's safety and efficacy. This includes investigating potential drug interactions, long-term effects, and its effectiveness against a wider range of parasitic infections.

Conclusion

Nitazoxanide holds promise as a treatment for various parasitic infections, including cryptosporidiosis, echinococcosis, *Trichuris muris*, and *Ancylostoma ceylanicum*. It may also offer benefits for diabetic patients and potentially treat Parkinson's disease. While its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties suggest potential for COVID-19 treatment, further research is necessary. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking nitazoxanide due to potential interactions with other medications. Further research is crucial to comprehensively assess its safety, effectiveness, and potential applications.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
2
0
0
0
15
1.

Effects of nitazoxanide on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of warfarin.

Author: VetsEva, RossignolJean-Francois, JacksonAnthony Shane

Safe treatment
Adverse events

Coadministration of nitazoxanide twice daily for six days did not affect the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of a single 25-mg dose of warfarin sodium. Administration of a single dose of warfarin or combined administration of a single dose of warfarin and multiple doses of nitazoxanide appeared safe and well tolerated.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Blockage of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Resistant Cells by Nitazoxanide Effects on Peptidylarginine Deiminases Expression.

Author: Hemmati-DinarvandMohsen, KheirandishShahnaz, KhodadadianAli, MostafazadehMostafa, SeghatoleslamAtefeh

Treats cancer
Multidrug resistance

This study investigated the combination effect and molecular mechanism of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and oxaliplatin (OXP) on LS174T/OXP-resistant cells, a type of colon cancer cell that is resistant to chemotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Nitazoxanide Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Author: Castillo-SalazarMauricio, Sánchez-MuñozFausto, Springall Del VillarRashidi, Navarrete-VázquezGabriel, Hernández-DiazCouderAdrián, Mojica-CardosoCarlos, García-JiménezSara, Toledano-JaimesCairo, Bernal-FernándezGermán

Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum drug with promising immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of NTZ on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a low-grade inflammatory condition with abnormalities in the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Effects of triple-drug therapy with nitazoxanide, high-dose ribavirin and peginterferon-α-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Author: BasuP Patrick, RayapudiKrishna, ShahNiraj James, KrishnaswamyNithya, BrownRobert S

Improved SVR rates

This study evaluated a novel three-drug regimen for chronic hepatitis C virus infection, using nitazoxanide and high-dose ribavirin as lead-in therapy followed by PEG IFN-α-2a in triple therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Effects of nitazoxanide on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of warfarin.

Author: VetsEva, RossignolJean-Francois, JacksonAnthony Shane

Safe treatment
Adverse events

Coadministration of nitazoxanide twice daily for six days did not affect the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of a single 25-mg dose of warfarin sodium. Administration of a single dose of warfarin or combined administration of a single dose of warfarin and multiple doses of nitazoxanide appeared safe and well tolerated.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Brugia malayi: Effects of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide on adult worms and microfilariae of filarial nematodes.

Author: RaoRamakrishna U, HuangYuefang, FischerKerstin, FischerPeter U, WeilGary J

Antifilarial activity

This study investigates the effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and tizoxanide (TZ) on Brugia malayi nematodes in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, both NTZ and TZ reduced worm motility and viability, blocked embryogenesis, and damaged worm cuticles. However, neither compound cleared adult worms or microfilariae in infected gerbils.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

In vitro effects of nitazoxanide on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and metacestodes.

Author: WalkerMirjam, RossignolJean François, TorgersonPaul, HemphillAndrew

Cystic echinococcosis

Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum drug used against intestinal parasites and bacteria. In vitro studies suggest that it may be an effective treatment option for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This drug is a potential alternative to benzimidazole carbamate derivatives, such as mebendazole and albendazole, which have significant side effects when used in high doses for long periods of time.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

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