Effective treatment of personality disorders: A Synthesis of Findings from 41 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Personality disorders are mental health conditions that can significantly impact an individual's life, affecting their relationships, emotional regulation, impulsive behaviors, and sense of self. Research has shown that personality disorders are prevalent, affecting a large portion of individuals seeking psychiatric services. These conditions can lead to various difficulties, including interpersonal problems, impaired quality of life, and challenges in work or school. Thankfully, research has made strides in developing effective treatments for personality disorders. This article explores these treatments based on relevant research findings.

Treatment Summary

Several studies highlight effective treatments for personality disorders, including:

These treatments offer potential for symptom reduction and improved quality of life for individuals with personality disorders.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Treatment for personality disorders can provide various benefits, including:

  • Reduced personality disorder symptoms
  • Improved interpersonal relationships
  • Enhanced emotional regulation skills
  • Increased control over impulsivity
  • Improved sense of self (identity formation)
  • Improved quality of life
  • Increased participation in work or school
  • Reduced suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors
  • Decreased reliance on mental health services

Risks Summary

There are potential risks associated with personality disorder treatment, which may include:

  • Side effects from medication therapy
  • Lengthy treatment duration
  • Possible lack of treatment effectiveness for some individuals
  • Temporary worsening of symptoms during treatment
  • Treatment costs

However, these risks are generally considered to be outweighed by the benefits of treatment. It is important to remember that treatment for personality disorders should be undertaken with the guidance of a qualified mental health professional.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

Many studies consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment for personality disorders, resulting in symptom improvement, enhanced quality of life, reduced suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors, and a decrease in reliance on mental health services.

Differences Among Studies

Despite the overall positive findings, variations exist in the specific treatments found effective and the extent of their effectiveness. These differences can be attributed to factors such as the specific type of personality disorder being studied, the type of treatment provided, and the methods employed in the research.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While extensive research has been conducted on treating personality disorders, definitive conclusions remain elusive. While there is consistency in some findings, contradictions also exist. These inconsistencies can be attributed to the complexity of personality disorders themselves, the diverse range of research methods employed, and other variables.

Applying Research Findings to Daily Life: Important Considerations

When seeking treatment for personality disorders, it is crucial to consult with a qualified mental health professional. Self-treating is strongly discouraged. Additionally, remember that treatment may take time, requiring patience and persistence.

Limitations of Current Research

The body of research on personality disorder treatment remains relatively limited. Future research should involve larger sample sizes, comparisons of various treatment approaches, and studies investigating long-term treatment effects.

Future Research Directions

Future research should prioritize the following areas:

  • Developing effective treatments for the diverse types of personality disorders
  • Identifying methods for sustaining long-term treatment benefits
  • Examining the cost-effectiveness of different treatment options
  • Creating better methods for matching patients to the most appropriate treatments

Conclusion

Treatment for personality disorders holds the potential to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and offer hope for a more fulfilling life. However, remember that treatment requires expert guidance and should be undertaken cautiously. It is important to be patient and persistent with treatment, as it may require time to achieve desired outcomes.

If you are struggling with a personality disorder, seek professional help. Do not hesitate to reach out to a qualified mental health professional for guidance and support.

Treatment List

  • Transference interpretation
  • Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy
  • Schema therapy
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
  • Psychodynamic psychotherapy
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
  • Psychoeducation
  • Medication therapy
  • Arts therapy
  • Psychomotor therapy
Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Obsessive-compulsive disorder treatment
1
Positive prognosis for borderline and antisocial personality disorder
2
Personality disorder treatment
3
Improved depression treatment
6
Personality change
8
Effective treatment of atypical depression
9
Depression treatment
10
Antidepressant response
Functional improvement
Quality of life improvement
12
Personality disorder treatment
15
Personality disorder treatment
16
Improved depression
17
Suicidal behavior reduction
18
Suicidal behavior reduction
19
Improved outcomes
21
Depression reduction
22
Personality disorder treatment
23
Personality disorder symptom reduction
24
Improved interpersonal functioning
Improved psychopathology
PD remission
Reduced drop-out rate
Reduced health service use
25
Improved PD symptoms
Improved quality of life
27
Offender treatment
28
Exercise training effective
Schema therapy effective
29
Cost-effective treatment
30
Psychotherapy for PDs
31
PIT for cluster B personality disorders
32
Treatment for alcohol misuse and depression
33
Substance abuse treatment
34
Panic disorder treatment
36
Treatment for EDs
37
Personality disorder treatment
38
Improved emotional regulation
Improved social functioning
39
Personality disorder management
40
Improved quality of life
Reduced PD symptoms
41
Risk Keywords
Personality disorders
1
Poorer response to treatment for depression
2
Residual depression
Worse social functioning
4
Limited applicability to specific populations
6
Hypochondriacal personality disorder
Somatization
Treatment resistance
7
Unclear impact on personality dimensions
9
Different treatment responses
11
None reported
12
Delayed treatment response
Functional impairment
Non-response to treatment
13
Personality disorders
14
Personality disorder
17
Limited research
18
Limited research
19
Drug treatment limitations
26
Limited PD assessment
28
Personality disorders
36
Impact of PDs on treatment outcomes
37
Limited evidence
39
Unknown
41
Literature analysis of 41 papers
Positive Content
31
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
7
Article Type
29
2
11
9
39
1.

Effect of axis II diagnoses on treatment outcome with clomipramine in 55 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Author: BaerL, JenikeM A, BlackD W, TreeceC, RosenfeldR, GreistJ

Obsessive-compulsive disorder treatment
Personality disorders

A study of 55 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder found that those with cluster A personality disorders (such as schizoid, paranoid, and schizotypal) had more severe obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms at the start of treatment. While the presence of any personality disorder did not affect the overall effectiveness of clomipramine treatment, patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or multiple personality disorders had poorer treatment outcomes. The study highlights the importance of considering personality disorders when treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, as these factors may predict treatment response.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Comorbidity of personality disorders and depression: implications for treatment.

Author: SheaM T, WidigerT A, KleinM H

Positive prognosis for borderline and antisocial personality disorder
Poorer response to treatment for depression

Personality disorders are associated with poorer response to depression treatment. Limited evidence suggests that depression may be a positive prognostic indicator for borderline and antisocial personality disorders. More specific assessment of personality disorders is needed to identify effective treatments.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Brief psychotherapy of personality disorders.

Author: WinstonA, PollackJ, McCulloughL, FlegenheimerW, KestenbaumR, TrujilloM

Personality disorder treatment

This study compared two types of brief dynamic psychotherapy in 32 patients with personality disorders. Both types of therapy led to significant improvements in targeted symptoms, overall distress, and social adjustment compared to a control group. While both treatments were equally effective overall, they differed in how they approached specific symptoms. The study also found differences in how therapists interacted with patients during sessions, confirming the distinct techniques used in each approach.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Personality disorders and treatment outcome in the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program.

Author: SheaM T, PilkonisP A, BeckhamE, CollinsJ F, ElkinI, SotskyS M, DochertyJ P

Residual depression
Worse social functioning

This study investigated the impact of personality disorders on the treatment of major depressive disorder in 239 patients. Patients with personality disorders had significantly poorer social functioning and were more likely to have lingering depression symptoms compared to those without personality disorders. However, there was no difference in work functioning or overall depression severity at the end of treatment. This suggests that personality disorders may negatively impact social functioning in depression, but do not necessarily worsen overall response to treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Impact of Cluster C personality disorders on outcomes of contrasting brief psychotherapies for depression.

Author: HardyG E, BarkhamM, ShapiroD A, StilesW B, ReesA, ReynoldsS

A study of 114 depressed clients compared the outcomes of cognitive-behavioral (CB) and psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) psychotherapy for those with Cluster C personality disorders (avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, or dependent) and those without. While Cluster C personality disorder clients began with more severe symptoms, those receiving CB therapy showed similar improvement to those without a personality disorder. However, Cluster C personality disorder clients who received PI therapy maintained more severe symptoms after treatment and at 1-year follow-up. Additionally, Cluster C personality disorder clients with more severe depression showed less improvement compared to those with less severe depression or those without a personality disorder. Treatment length did not influence outcomes for those with a Cluster C personality disorder.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

The role of avoidance and obsessiveness in matching patients to cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy: empirical findings from the treatment for depression collaborative research program.

Author: BarberJ P, MuenzL R

Improved depression treatment
Limited applicability to specific populations

This study found that cognitive therapy (CT) was more effective than interpersonal therapy (IPT) for treating depressed patients with an elevated level of avoidant personality, while the reverse was true for depressed patients with elevated levels of obsessive personality. Married patients also fared better with CT, while single and non-cohabiting patients improved more with IPT.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Long-term outcome of hypochondriacal personality disorder.

Author: TyrerP, SeivewrightN, SeivewrightH

Hypochondriacal personality disorder
Somatization
Treatment resistance

This study examined the relationship between hypochondriacal personality disorder and outcomes after treatment for generalized anxiety, panic, and dysthymic disorders. Patients with hypochondriacal personality disorder had significantly worse outcomes in terms of symptom change and health service utilization.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Change in personality status in neurotic disorders.

Author: SeivewrightHelen, TyrerPeter, JohnsonTony

Personality change

A long-term study found that personality traits can change over time, with cluster B traits becoming less pronounced and cluster A and C traits becoming more pronounced.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Comparison of the effects of fluoxetine, imipramine and placebo on personality in atypical depression.

Author: AgostiVito, McGrathPatrick J

Effective treatment of atypical depression
Unclear impact on personality dimensions

Atypical depression is linked to higher rates of personality disorders. While certain antidepressants have proven effective in treating atypical depression, it is unknown if those personality traits diminish after successful treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Borderline personality disorder in major depression: symptomatology, temperament, character, differential drug response, and 6-month outcome.

Author: JoycePeter R, MulderRoger T, LutySuzanne E, McKenzieJanice M, SullivanPatrick F, CloningerRobert C

Depression treatment

This study investigated the impact of personality disorders on the treatment of depression. The results showed that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) had a poorer short-term response to nortriptyline compared to fluoxetine, but had favorable long-term outcomes in terms of depressive symptoms and social adjustment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

The relationship of personality disorders to treatment outcome in depressed outpatients.

Author: MulderRoger T, JoycePeter R, LutySuzanne E

Different treatment responses

Many clinicians believe that people with depression who also have a personality disorder may respond differently to standard treatments compared to those with depression alone. Personality disorders are common in people with depression, suggesting that these treatment considerations may be relevant for a significant number of patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Chronic depression and comorbid personality disorders: response to sertraline versus imipramine.

Author: RussellJames M, KornsteinSusan G, SheaM Tracie, McCulloughJames P, HarrisonWilma M, HirschfeldRobert M A, KellerMartin B

Antidepressant response
Functional improvement
Quality of life improvement
None reported

In patients with chronic major depression or double depression, Axis II personality disorder comorbidity is common, with 46% meeting criteria for at least one disorder and 21% meeting criteria for at least two. The presence of Axis II personality disorder comorbidity does not significantly impact treatment response or time to response with sertraline or imipramine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Impact of cluster C personality disorders on outcomes of acute and maintenance treatment in late-life depression.

Author: MorseJennifer Q, PilkonisPaul A, HouckPatricia R, FrankEllen, ReynoldsCharles F

Delayed treatment response
Functional impairment
Non-response to treatment

This study found that Cluster C personality disorders are associated with longer time-to-response during acute treatment and non-response in continuation or maintenance treatment for late-life depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

14.

Dysfunctional attitudes and personality disorder comorbidity during long-term treatment of MDD.

Author: FarabaughAmy, MischoulonDavid, SchwartzFaye, PenderMaribeth, FavaMaurizio, AlpertJonathan

Personality disorders

This study found that individuals with stable personality disorder diagnoses following successful treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) had greater severity of dysfunctional attitudes, suggesting a potential link between dysfunctional attitudes and personality disorder stability.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

15.

Treatment of older adults with co-morbid personality disorder and depression: a dialectical behavior therapy approach.

Author: LynchThomas R, CheavensJennifer S, CukrowiczKelly C, ThorpSteven R, BronnerLeslie, BeyerJohn

Personality disorder treatment

This study highlights the need for more research on treating personality disorders in older adults, especially when these disorders occur alongside other mental health conditions like depression. The study notes that personality disorders in older adults can make treating other mental health problems more challenging and lead to significant difficulties in relationships and emotional well-being.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

The efficacy of various modalities of psychotherapy for personality disorders: a systematic review of the evidence and clinical recommendations.

Author: VerheulRoel, HerbrinkMarjolein

Personality disorder treatment

This study examines the effectiveness of different formats and settings for delivering psychotherapy to individuals with personality disorders. The review found evidence supporting the effectiveness of individual psychotherapy, particularly those with a cognitive-behavioral or psychodynamic approach. Some evidence also supports the use of long-term, psychodynamically-oriented group therapy, short-term psychodynamic therapy in a day hospital setting, and psychodynamically-oriented inpatient programs. However, the review notes that most research focuses on certain personality disorders (e.g., borderline, dependent, avoidant), and more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these approaches for other types of personality disorders.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Temperament, character and personality disorders as predictors of response to interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression.

Author: JoycePeter R, McKenzieJanice M, CarterJanet D, RaeAlma M, LutySuzanne E, FramptonChristopher M A, MulderRoger T

Improved depression
Personality disorder

Cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective than interpersonal psychotherapy for patients with severe depression, while personality disorder adversely affected the response to interpersonal psychotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Effectiveness of psychosocial treatments on suicidality in personality disorders.

Author: McMainShelley

Suicidal behavior reduction
Limited research

While there is limited research on the treatment of suicidality in borderline personality disorder, several recent studies suggest that certain psychosocial interventions, such as dialectical behavior therapy, can help reduce suicidal behaviors in people with personality disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

Psychopharmacologic management of suicidality in personality disorders.

Author: CardishRobert J

Suicidal behavior reduction
Limited research

While there is limited evidence for the treatment of suicidality specifically in personality disorders, pharmacotherapy has shown modest efficacy for symptom clusters associated with suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. These clusters include transient psychotic episodes, flashbacks and dissociations, affective dysregulation, impulsivity, and anger and hostility.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of personality disorders.

Author: HerpertzSabine C, ZanariniMary, SchulzCharles S, SieverLarry, LiebKlaus, MöllerHans-Jürgen,

This study provides guidelines for treating personality disorders in primary care settings using medication. The guidelines focus on three specific personality disorders: borderline, schizotypal, and anxious/avoidant personality disorder. They review the current understanding of these conditions, including their causes and treatments, and offer recommendations on the use of medications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. The guidelines aim to help healthcare providers select the best medications for individual patients based on their specific symptoms and diagnoses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Protocol: Personality assessment as a support for referral and case-work in treatment for substance use disorders (PASRC-study).

Author: HesseMorten, PedersenMads K

Improved outcomes

This randomized controlled trial is evaluating the impact of routine personality disorder assessment and feedback versus a general life situation interview in adults with past-year substance dependence. The trial aims to determine if routine personality assessment improves outcomes of substance abuse treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Select comorbid personality disorders and the treatment of chronic depression with nefazodone, targeted psychotherapy, or their combination.

Author: MadduxRachel E, RisoLawrence P, KleinDaniel N, MarkowitzJohn C, RothbaumBarbara O, ArnowBruce A, ManberRachel, BlalockJanice A, KeitnerGabor I, ThaseMichael E

Depression reduction

Comorbid Axis II disorders did not negatively affect treatment outcome and did not differentially affect response to psychotherapy versus medication.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Pre-treatment predictors and in-treatment factors associated with change in avoidant and dependent personality disorder traits among patients with social phobia.

Author: BorgeFinn-Magnus, HoffartAsle, SextonHarold, MartinsenEgil, GudeTore, HedleyLiv Margaret, AbrahamsenGun

Personality disorder treatment

This study examined the effects of cognitive therapy (CT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) on personality disorders in patients with social phobia. Both therapies were associated with reductions in avoidant and dependent personality traits, with CT showing a greater decrease in dependent traits. Changes in cognitive factors were found to be more predictive of personality changes than changes in symptoms or interpersonal factors.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Technical ReportA document that reports the results of technical or scientific research in detail. It details the methodology, results, and conclusions.

Language : English

24.

Personality disorders improve in patients treated for major depression.

Author: MulderRoger T, JoyceP R, FramptonC M A

Personality disorder symptom reduction

Personality disorders in depressed outpatients were not stable and improved significantly over 18 months of treatment. Even patients who did not fully recover from their depression showed a reduction in personality disorder symptoms, suggesting that these disorders are not necessarily treatment resistant.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Long-term effects of transference interpretation in dynamic psychotherapy of personality disorders.

Author: HøglendP, DahlH-S, HersougA G, LorentzenS, PerryJ C

Improved interpersonal functioning
Improved psychopathology
PD remission
Reduced drop-out rate
Reduced health service use

Transference interpretation in dynamic psychotherapy led to significantly greater improvement in core psychopathology and interpersonal functioning, reduced dropout rates, and lower use of mental health services for patients with personality disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Pharmacological treatments for personality disorders.

Author: ParisJoel

Drug treatment limitations

This review found that while some medications, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics, may help with symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), they do not cure the condition. There is not enough evidence to support routinely prescribing these drugs for BPD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

27.

Changes in natural language use as an indicator of psychotherapeutic change in personality disorders.

Author: ArntzArnoud, HawkeLisa D, BamelisLotte, SpinhovenPhilip, MolendijkMarc L

Improved PD symptoms
Improved quality of life

This study examined changes in self-view over the course of therapy in patients with personality disorders (PDs) using linguistic analysis. The results suggest that changes in word use, particularly in categories like negative emotions and negations, reflect key treatment targets and predict better treatment outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

The impact of personality disorders on legally supervised community treatment: a systematic literature review.

Author: CarrW Amory

Offender treatment
Limited PD assessment

This review examined the impact of personality disorders (PDs) on treatment completion in community corrections offenders. The review found that antisocial personality disorder was a common focus of research, and that other PDs were rarely assessed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

29.

Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy for personality disorders.

Author: BamelisLotte L M, EversSilvia M A A, SpinhovenPhilip, ArntzArnoud

Exercise training effective
Schema therapy effective

This study compared the effectiveness of schema therapy, clarification-oriented psychotherapy, and treatment as usual among patients with personality disorders. The study found that schema therapy was superior to treatment as usual and clarification-oriented psychotherapy in terms of recovery and other interview-based outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

30.

Economic evaluation of schema therapy and clarification-oriented psychotherapy for personality disorders: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Author: BamelisLotte L M, ArntzArnoud, WetzelaerPim, VerdoornRyanne, EversSilvia M A A

Cost-effective treatment

A multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing schema therapy, clarification-oriented psychotherapy, and treatment as usual for patients with personality disorders found that schema therapy was dominant over the other treatments in the cost-effectiveness analyses. Schema therapy had a stable 75% probability of being cost-effective in the cost-utility analysis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

31.

Personality Disorder and Changes in Affect Consciousness: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study of Patients with Avoidant and Borderline Personality Disorder.

Author: Normann-EideEivind, JohansenMerete Selsbakk, Normann-EideTone, EgelandJens, WilbergTheresa

Psychotherapy for PDs

This study investigates changes in affect consciousness (AC) in patients with avoidant or borderline personality disorders (PDs) after three years of follow-up. The study explores the potential role of AC in improving personality functioning and reducing interpersonal difficulties in PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

32.

Psychoanalytic-Interactional Therapy versus Psychodynamic Therapy by Experts for Personality Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy-Effectiveness Study in Cluster B Personality Disorders.

Author: LeichsenringFalk, MasuhrOliver, JaegerUlrich, RabungSven, DallyAndreas, DümpelmannMichael, Fricke-NeefChristian, SteinertChristiane, StreeckUlrich

PIT for cluster B personality disorders

This randomized controlled trial compares manual-guided psychoanalytic-interactional therapy (PIT) with nonmanualized psychodynamic therapy by experts in personality disorders (E-PDT) for treating patients with cluster B personality disorders. The study investigates the effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

33.

Associations between personality disorder characteristics and treatment outcomes in people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression.

Author: McCarterKristen L, HalpinSean A, BakerAmanda L, Kay-LambkinFrances J, LewinTerry J, ThorntonLouise K, KavanaghDavid J, KellyBrian J

Treatment for alcohol misuse and depression

This study investigated relationships between personality disorder profiles and treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

35.

What Does Personality Mean in the Context of Mental Health? A Topic Modeling Approach Based on Abstracts Published in Pubmed Over the Last 5 Years.

Author: SperandeoRaffaele, MessinaGiovanni, IennacoDaniela, SessaFrancesco, RussoVincenzo, PolitoRita, MondaVincenzo, MondaMarcellino, MessinaAntonietta, MoscaLucia Luciana, MoscaLaura, Dell'OrcoSilvia, MorettoEnrico, GiganteElena, ChiacchioAntonello, ScognamiglioChiara, CarotenutoMarco, MaldonatoNelson Mauro

This study examined the current research on personality in the clinical field, analyzing text patterns in PubMed abstracts related to "personality" and "mental health" to identify emerging and declining areas of research interest.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

36.

The Impact of Personality Pathology on Treatment Outcome in Late-life Panic Disorder.

Author: GulpersBernice, Oude VoshaarRichard, KampmanMirjam, VerheyFrans, VAN AlphenSebastiaan, HendriksGert-Jan

Panic disorder treatment
Personality disorders

Cluster B personality pathology negatively impacted the treatment outcomes of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder in both younger and older adults. In late-life panic disorder with comorbid personality pathology, CBT may be a better treatment option than paroxetine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

37.

The impact of personality disorders and personality traits on psychotherapy treatment outcome of eating disorders: A systematic review.

Author: SimpsonSusan, AzamFatima, BrownSiennaMarisa, HronisAnastasia, BrockmanRobert

Treatment for EDs
Impact of PDs on treatment outcomes

This systematic review investigated the impact of personality disorders (PDs) on the treatment outcomes of eating disorders (EDs). The review suggests that PDs can affect treatment outcomes, particularly for binge eating disorder and anorexia nervosa.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

38.

[How evidence-based is the guideline-informed treatment for personality disorders (GIT-PD)?]

Author: HutsebautJ, BachrachN, KindtK C M, van DamL J H

Personality disorder treatment

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of guideline-informed treatment for personality disorders (GIT-PD), a common approach used to treat these conditions. While this treatment approach is widely used and included in healthcare standards, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Dutch

40.

Evaluation of international guidance for the community treatment of 'personality disorders': A systematic review.

Author: Zhan Yuen WongNicholas, BarnettPhoebe, Sheridan RainsLuke, JohnsonSonia, BillingsJo

Personality disorder management

This study examines existing guidelines for the treatment and management of 'personality disorders' and highlights the need for a globally recognized consensus on best mental health care practices for people with these disorders.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

41.

The efficacy of schema therapy for personality disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ZhangKaiyuan, HuXinyang, MaLijun, XieQihang, WangZhipeng, FanChuan, LiXiaoming

Improved quality of life
Reduced PD symptoms
Unknown

Schema therapy (ST) is an effective treatment for personality disorders, reducing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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