Health effects of rhythmic gymnastics: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Rhythmic gymnastics has been shown to improve explosive strength, jump height, and postural control in young athletes. 2 , 9 , 21 Integrated functional core and plyometric training is recommended for rhythmic gymnastics to enhance jump performance and postural control. 2 , 9 Core stability training can improve postural control in rhythmic gymnasts, potentially leading to better performance. 17 Functional core stability training in addition to regular training may improve core stability in young rhythmic gymnasts. 17 Rhythmic gymnastics has been linked to increased bone mineral density and bone growth, particularly in prepubertal girls. 1 , 23 , 10 Rhythmic gymnastics can enhance cognitive function, especially attention and memory, in children. 15 The sport has the potential to improve mental health, including self-concept, discipline, and flexibility, in young adolescents. 24 Rhythmic gymnastics has shown promise in improving joint attention and emotional problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. 12 Intensive physical activity in rhythmic gymnastics can delay menarche and increase the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. 22

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Rhythmic gymnastics offers several potential benefits, including improved explosive strength, jump height, postural control, bone health, cognitive function, and mental health. It also shows promise in improving joint attention and emotional problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. These advantages may apply not only to competitive rhythmic gymnasts but also to individuals seeking a healthy lifestyle.

Risk Summary

Rhythmic gymnastics may pose some risks, such as delayed menarche and increased prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These risks may be more prominent in competitive rhythmic gymnasts. It's crucial to be fully aware of these risks before starting rhythmic gymnastics.

Comparison Among Studies

Similarities Among Studies

Many studies indicate that rhythmic gymnastics can improve explosive strength, jump height, and postural control in young athletes. A common finding is the potential positive effect of rhythmic gymnastics on bone health.

Differences Among Studies

Some studies suggest that rhythmic gymnastics may delay menarche and increase the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, while others do not show such outcomes. These differences may be attributed to factors such as the age of participants and the intensity of training programs.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Research on the health effects of rhythmic gymnastics generally shows consistent results. However, there are contradictions regarding the potential risks of delayed menarche and increased prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Further research is needed to clarify these discrepancies.

Practical Applications and Considerations

Rhythmic gymnastics can contribute to both physical and mental well-being. However, it's important to understand the potential risks associated with the sport, particularly delayed menarche and increased prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Before starting rhythmic gymnastics, it's essential to be aware of these benefits and risks. Moreover, rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of skill, so seeking guidance from qualified instructors is crucial.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the health effects of rhythmic gymnastics is still limited. Further investigation is necessary, especially regarding the potential risks of delayed menarche and increased prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It's important to recognize that the health effects of rhythmic gymnastics may vary between individuals, requiring personalized assessment.

Future Research Directions

Future research on the health effects of rhythmic gymnastics should involve larger sample sizes, longer study durations, and a more diverse range of ages. Further investigation is also needed to clarify the potential risks of delayed menarche and increased prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Developing optimal training methods to maximize benefits and minimize risks is crucial.

Conclusion

Rhythmic gymnastics has the potential to enhance both physical and mental health. However, it's important to be aware of the potential risks associated with the sport. Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the benefits and risks of rhythmic gymnastics.

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
3
Article Type
8
0
0
1
24
1.

Artistic versus rhythmic gymnastics: effects on bone and muscle mass in young girls.

Author: Vicente-RodriguezG, DoradoC, AraI, Perez-GomezJ, OlmedillasH, Delgado-GuerraS, CalbetJ A L

Bone density increase
Delayed puberty
Enhanced fitness
Muscle mass increase

This study compares prepubertal girls involved in artistic and rhythmic gymnastics to non-active controls. Artistic gymnasts showed delayed puberty, increased physical fitness, muscle mass, and bone density compared to other groups. This suggests artistic gymnastics may provide a greater stimulus for bone growth in young girls.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

The Effects of an Eight-Week Integrated Functional Core and Plyometric Training Program on Young Rhythmic Gymnasts' Explosive Strength.

Author: CabrejasCristina, Solana-TramuntMónica, MoralesJose, NietoAinhoa, BofillAna, CarballeiraEduardo, PierantozziEmanuela

Improved jump performance
Increased explosive strength

Integrated core and plyometric training improved explosive strength and jump performance in young rhythmic gymnasts, suggesting its value for enhancing performance in this sport.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

The Effectiveness of the Mézières Method in Elite Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes With Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: LenaOrges, TodriJasemin, TodriArdita, GilJosé Luis Martínez, GallegoMaria Gomez

Low back pain treatment
Mézières method
Low back pain

The Mézières method treatment for low back pain in elite rhythmic gymnastics athletes showed positive effects on all outcomes analyzed compared to the control group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Body composition and cardiac dimensions in elite rhythmic gymnasts.

Author: GalettaF, FranzoniF, D'alessandroC, PiazzaM, TocchiniL, FallahiP, AntonelliA, CupistiF, SantoroG

Malnutrition

Elite adolescent gymnasts may be at risk of malnutrition due to intensive training and weight management practices, which can affect body composition and cardiac function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Does 8 Weeks of Integrated Functional Core and Plyometric Training Improve Postural Control Performance in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts?

Author: CabrejasCristina, MoralesJose, Solana-TramuntMónica, Nieto-GuisadoAinhoa, Badiola-ZabalaAlesander, Campos-RiusJosep

Postural control improvement

An 8-week core stability and plyometric training program improved postural control and balance in young rhythmic gymnasts, suggesting its potential to enhance performance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Effect of rhythmic gymnastics on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry in premenarcheal female athletes and controls.

Author: TournisS, MichopoulouE, FatourosI G, PaspatiI, MichalopoulouM, RaptouP, LeontsiniD, AvlonitiA, KrekoukiaM, ZouvelouV, GalanosA, AggelousisN, KambasA, DouroudosI, LyritisG P, TaxildarisK, PappaioannouN

Bone health

This study investigated the impact of long-term elite rhythmic gymnastics on bone health. It aimed to determine if gymnastics positively affects bone density and geometry, and if these adaptations are associated with increased bone formation or reduced bone resorption.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Live Streaming vs. Pre-Recorded Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italian Rhythmic Gymnastics.

Author: CardinaliLudovica, CurziDavide, MaccaraniEmanuela, FalcioniLavinia, CampanellaMatteo, FerrariDafne, MauliniClaudia, GallottaMaria Chiara, ZimatoreGiovanna, BaldariCarlo, GuidettiLaura

Gymnastics training

This study compared the effectiveness of live-streaming and pre-recorded training in rhythmic gymnastics during the COVID-19 pandemic. It found that athletes and coaches favored live-streaming for its higher training frequency, motivation, and efficacy. Pre-recorded training may be more useful for specific training types, particularly for athletes with higher technical levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Comparison of the effect of two sports training methods on the flexibility of rhythmic gymnasts at different levels of biological maturation.

Author: BordaloM F, De Nazaré PortalM, CaderS, PerrottaN V, Dias NetoJ M, DantasE

Flexibility improvement

Selecting children for physical education should not be based solely on chronological age, but primarily on biological maturation.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Effects of resistance training on jumping performance in pre-adolescent rhythmic gymnasts: a randomized controlled study.

Author: PiazzaMarina, BattagliaClaudia, FiorilliGiovanni, InnocentiGiovanni, IulianoEnzo, AquinoGiovanna, CalcagnoGiuseppe, GiombiniArrigo, Di CagnoAlessandra

Jumping performance enhancement

Both unspecific and specific resistance training programs improved jumping performance in young female athletes. Both approaches increased lower limb explosive strength by 6-7% without negative side effects. This indicates that resistance training can be effectively incorporated into gymnastics training to enhance athletic performance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

Homolateral hand and foot coordination in trained older women.

Author: CapranicaLaura, TessitoreAntonio, OlivieriBerardo, PesceCaterina

Improved coordination
Reduced aging effects

Regular and prolonged practice of rhythmic gymnastics enhances inter-limb performance over both a sedentary lifestyle as well as ageing.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: CabrejasCristina, Solana-TramuntMónica, MoralesJose, Campos-RiusJosep, OrtegónAlberto, Nieto-GuisadoAinhoa, CarballeiraEduardo

Improved core stability

This study investigated the effects of an 8-week core stability training (CST) program on young rhythmic gymnasts. The results showed that adding a functional CST to regular training improved pelvic tilt performance and had a trend towards improving other core stability measures. Coaches should consider incorporating functional CST to improve core stability and potentially enhance rhythmic gymnastics performance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

Increased sclerostin and preadipocyte factor-1 levels in prepubertal rhythmic gymnasts: associations with bone mineral density, body composition, and adipocytokine values.

Author: JürimäeJ, TillmannV, CicchellaA, StefanelliC, VõsobergK, TammA L, JürimäeT

Bone mineralization
Rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics, a high-impact sport, showed increased levels of bone-inhibiting hormones (sclerostin and Pref-1) but also higher bone mineral density in gymnasts compared to controls, suggesting positive effects on bone health.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Effects of Body Posture and Different Exercise Intensity on Athletes' Limb Injury.

Author: JinDi, MaQian

Gymnast injury

Gymnastics involves high injury risk, particularly spinal injuries. A study of rhythmic gymnasts revealed common injuries and risk factors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Effects of supplemental training on fitness and aesthetic competence parameters in contemporary dance: a randomised controlled trial.

Author: AngioiManuela, MetsiosGeorge, TwitchettEmily A, KoutedakisYiannis, WyonMatthew

Aesthetic competence
Dance performance

A 6-week exercise intervention (circuit and vibration training) significantly increased lower body power (11%), upper body endurance (22%), aerobic fitness (11%), and aesthetic competence (12%) in contemporary dancers compared to a control group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Preexercise static stretching effect on leaping performance in elite rhythmic gymnasts.

Author: Di CagnoAlessandra, BaldariCarlo, BattagliaClaudia, GallottaMaria Chiara, VideiraMiguel, PiazzaMarina, GuidettiLaura

Reduced leap performance

A study on rhythmic gymnasts found that static stretching before technical leaps decreased flight time and negatively affected judges' scores. This suggests that static stretching might not be the best warm-up for this type of performance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

A Longitudinal Study of Bone Mineral Accrual during Growth in Competitive Premenarcheal Rhythmic Gymnasts.

Author: RemmelLiina, TillmannVallo, TammAnna-Liisa, MengelEva, JürimäeJaak

Increased bone mineral accrual

This study found that competitive rhythmic gymnastics training in premenarcheal girls was associated with greater bone mineral accrual compared to untrained girls. Despite lower body fat and leptin levels, rhythmic gymnasts had higher bone mineral content, suggesting that the training regimen positively influences bone health.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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