Effects of riluzole: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Riluzole is a drug that has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. It has been studied in various contexts, including its effects on neurotoxicity induced by NMDA or veratridine. 6 showed that riluzole can protect neurons from damage caused by these agents in rat hippocampal slices. Riluzole has also been investigated for its potential to slow the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. 2 reviewed the effects of riluzole on the nervous system, highlighting its various actions, including inhibition of sodium and calcium channels, modulation of potassium channels, and promotion of neuronal survival. In addition, riluzole has been shown to impact brain function and behavior. 1 found that riluzole has sedative properties and may affect mood and alertness in humans. 12 investigated riluzole's effects on rat cortical neurons, demonstrating its ability to block repetitive firing of sodium action potentials and increase the threshold for calcium spikes. Riluzole also protects astrocytes from damage induced by manganese chloride, a compound associated with Parkinson's disease. 11 demonstrated that riluzole can reverse manganese-induced toxicity in astrocytes. Riluzole has also been investigated for its antitumor effects, with studies showing that it can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. 7 found that riluzole induced mitotic arrest in breast cancer cells. Additionally, riluzole has shown neuroprotective effects against damage caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation (ischemia). 13 showed that riluzole can protect neurons from ischemic damage in rat cortical slices. The effects of riluzole on respiration have also been studied. 8 showed that riluzole can reduce gasping behavior in neonatal mice, suggesting a potential role in managing hypoventilation in ALS patients. Riluzole has also been found to have pain-inhibiting effects. 4 suggests that riluzole might activate SK channels in the amygdala, contributing to its pain-relieving effects. Further research has investigated the effects of riluzole on nerve root compression, suggesting potential benefits in managing cervical radiculopathy. 9 explored the neuroprotective and antinociceptive effects of riluzole in a rat model of this condition. Finally, riluzole has also been investigated for its potential role in treating psychiatric disorders, particularly those characterized by anxiety and fear. 3 reviewed evidence suggesting that riluzole could be a promising psychotropic drug for these conditions. 10 investigated the effects of riluzole on neurochemical markers in the striatum, showing a dose-dependent decrease in the uptake of dopamine, GABA, and glutamate. 14 focused on the effects of riluzole on neurotransmitter release, demonstrating its ability to inhibit the release of various neurotransmitters, including glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin. Lastly, 5 investigated the neuroprotective effects of riluzole following spinal cord injury, demonstrating improved behavioral and neuroanatomical recovery in animals treated with riluzole.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Riluzole has shown promise in various areas, including neuroprotection, inhibition of neurotransmitter release, and reduction of neuronal excitability. These effects suggest its potential as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly ALS. There is also evidence suggesting potential benefits in pain management and psychiatric conditions, particularly those related to anxiety and fear.

Risk Summary

Riluzole can cause various side effects, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and liver damage. There is also a possibility of respiratory problems. It is important to be aware of these potential risks and consult a healthcare professional before using riluzole.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Many studies agree that riluzole has neuroprotective effects and can inhibit neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. These findings consistently point to its potential therapeutic role in various neurological conditions.

Differences

The precise mechanisms by which riluzole exerts its effects and the extent of its effectiveness can vary across studies. There is also variability in reported side effects. Further research is needed to clarify these discrepancies and provide a more comprehensive understanding of riluzole's actions and potential risks.

Consistency and Contradictions of Findings

The neuroprotective effects of riluzole are generally consistent across studies. However, the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its effects and the range of its potential side effects remain unclear and require further investigation. Additionally, while riluzole has shown promise in specific conditions, further research is needed to understand its effectiveness across a wider range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Considerations for Real-World Application

Riluzole is used as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, primarily ALS. However, due to its potential side effects, it is crucial to follow the guidance of a healthcare professional and use riluzole only as prescribed. Any new symptoms or concerns should be reported to a doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

While there is a growing body of research on riluzole, there are still gaps in our knowledge. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which riluzole exerts its effects, to investigate its potential benefits in a broader range of conditions, and to comprehensively identify and characterize its side effects.

Future Research Directions

Future research on riluzole should prioritize the following areas: 1. Elucidating the detailed mechanisms of action of riluzole. 2. Evaluating the effectiveness of riluzole in treating various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. 3. Thoroughly investigating and characterizing the potential side effects of riluzole.

Conclusion

Riluzole is a promising drug with neuroprotective properties that offers potential benefits for treating neurodegenerative diseases, particularly ALS. While riluzole's potential is promising, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and use it under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. Further research is needed to optimize the use of riluzole and understand its full therapeutic potential.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
11
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
1
0
2
2
14
1.

Effects of the novel neuroprotective agent, riluzole, on human brain function and behavior: I. Double-blind, placebo-controlled EEG mapping and psychometric studies under normoxia.

Author: SaletuB, GrünbergerJ, AndererP, LinzmayerL

Deterioration in thymopsyche
Sedative effects

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the encephalotropic and psychotropic properties of riluzole, a neuroprotective agent, in 20 healthy volunteers. Riluzole induced significant changes in brain function, suggesting sedative properties. It also produced a deterioration in mood and well-being. These findings suggest that riluzole may have sedative and mood-altering effects in healthy individuals.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

A review of the neural mechanisms of action and clinical efficiency of riluzole in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: what have we learned in the last decade?

Author: BellinghamMark C

ALS treatment

This systematic review examines the various effects of riluzole, the only approved treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), on neural activity. The review highlights the diverse effects of riluzole across a range of doses and discusses its potential benefits and mechanisms of action in slowing ALS progression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

Effects of riluzole on psychiatric disorders with anxiety or fear as primary symptoms: A systematic review.

Author: KawashimaYoshitaka, YamadaMisa, FuruieHiroki, KuniishiHiroshi, AkagiKie, KawashimaTomoko, NodaTakamasa, YamadaMitsuhiko

Anxiety/fear treatment

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of riluzole for patients with anxiety or fear as primary symptoms.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels in the amygdala mediate pain-inhibiting effects of clinically available riluzole in a rat model of arthritis pain.

Author: ThompsonJeremy M, JiGuangchen, NeugebauerVolker

Pain relief

Riluzole, a drug for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, may have antinociceptive effects by activating SK channels in the amygdala, a brain region involved in pain processing.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

8.

Effects of riluzole and flufenamic acid on eupnea and gasping of neonatal mice in vivo.

Author: PeñaFernando, AguiletaMiguel-Angel

Increase autoresuscitation

This study investigated the role of respiratory pacemaker neurons in neonate mice. The results suggest that eupnea generation requires a complex neuronal network involving both riluzole- and FFA-sensitive elements, while gasping activity depends mostly on a riluzole-sensitive mechanism.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Neuroprotective effects of riluzole: an electrophysiological and histological analysis in an in vitro model of ischemia.

Author: SiniscalchiA, ZonaC, SancesarioG, D'AngeloE, ZengY C, MercuriN B, BernardiG

Prevents neuronal death

Riluzole is a drug that may protect neurons from damage caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation (ischemia). In this study, riluzole was shown to prevent neuronal death in an in vitro model of ischemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Effects of riluzole on electrically evoked neurotransmitter release.

Author: JehleT, BauerJ, BlauthE, HummelA, DarsteinM, FreimanT M, FeuersteinT J

Neurotransmitter release inhibition

Riluzole, a neuroprotective agent, inhibits the release of various neurotransmitters. It does not appear to be selective for the excitatory amino acid glutamate and its effects are not mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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