Effects of rizatriptan: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Rizatriptan is a medication used to treat migraine headaches. 4 found that rizatriptan was more effective than conventional therapy in terminating a migraine attack and its associated symptoms. However, the study also noted that rizatriptan has limitations in its prescription and use due to its contraindications, side effects, and cost. 9 emphasizes the significant contributions of rizatriptan in migraine treatment, highlighting its rapid onset of action, good tolerability, and safety profile similar to other triptans. It also suggests that rizatriptan's efficacy is enhanced with early use during migraine attacks, and recent data show its effectiveness in adolescents. 7 highlights that several triptans, including rizatriptan, are considered safe and effective for treating migraines in children and adolescents. 10 suggests that overuse of rizatriptan might exacerbate hyperalgesia induced by dural inflammation in rats, potentially through modulation of the serotonin system. 5 found that rizatriptan reduced the expression of CGRP and CCK in the periaqueductal gray of rats with migraine, suggesting a potential mechanism for its pain-relieving effects. 19 reports that telcagepant, a CGRP antagonist, has excellent tolerability in migraine but relatively low initial clinical efficacy. 18 suggests that overuse of triptans in chronic migraine might be linked to glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid. 12 reviews available medications for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. 14 investigates the potential interaction between beta-adrenoceptor blockers and rizatriptan, finding that different blockers have distinct effects on rizatriptan pharmacokinetics. 20 demonstrates the role of OCT1 in hepatic uptake of sumatriptan and suggests potential implications of OCT1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of other triptans. 1 provides a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of zolmitriptan for acute migraine treatment. 11 establishes a new model of trigeminovascular nociception in conscious rats, demonstrating that morphine and rizatriptan benzoate can reduce nociceptive behaviors. 13 reviews the pharmacological treatment of acute migraine in adolescents and children. 16 explores the influence of rizatriptan benzoate on the endogenous pain modulatory system in a rat model of migraine. 15 compares the efficacy of rizatriptan and ibuprofen for migraine treatment, finding that rizatriptan is superior to ibuprofen in relieving headache. 3 reports a case of liver toxicity related to rizatriptan. 2 investigates the mechanism of rizatriptan-induced liver toxicity in rat hepatocytes, highlighting the involvement of lysosomal/mitochondrial dysfunction. 8 evaluates the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of rizatriptan in pediatric migraineurs. 17 investigates the CNS effects of sumatriptan and rizatriptan in healthy female volunteers. 6 examines brain blood flow changes during migraine attacks treated with rizatriptan using ASL MRI.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Rizatriptan may be an effective medication for rapid relief of migraine attacks. 9 highlights its rapid onset of action and good tolerability. It is also effective in adolescents and may be particularly beneficial when taken early during an attack. 7 It may be more effective than conventional therapy in terminating migraine attacks and associated symptoms. 4

Risk Summary

Rizatriptan may have limitations in its use due to its contraindications, side effects, and cost. 4 Overuse of rizatriptan can contribute to hyperalgesia and may even have adverse effects on the liver. 10 2 3

Study Comparisons

Commonalities

Many studies suggest that rizatriptan is an effective medication for treating migraines. 9 4 7 Several studies indicate that it has a rapid onset of action and a good safety profile compared to other triptans. 9 7 Rizatriptan may be effective for treating migraines in children and adolescents. 7

Differences

Some studies show different results regarding the effectiveness and safety of rizatriptan. 4 suggests limitations in its prescription and use due to its contraindications, side effects, and cost. In contrast, 9 highlights its good tolerability and safety profile. 10 indicates potential concerns related to overuse and its impact on hyperalgesia. Additionally, potential liver toxicity is a concern. 2 3 Further research is needed to fully understand the variability in rizatriptan's effects depending on individual patients and situations.

Consistency and Contradictions

While rizatriptan demonstrates potential as a migraine treatment, its use is accompanied by challenges related to side effects and cost. 9 4 Furthermore, concerns about overuse leading to hyperalgesia and potential liver toxicity must be acknowledged. 10 2 3 Overall, rizatriptan shows promise as a migraine treatment, but cautious consideration is needed when utilizing it.

Practical Applications

Rizatriptan may be a useful tool for rapid relief of migraine attacks. 9 However, it's essential to be aware of its limitations regarding side effects, cost, and potential overuse-related complications. 4 10 2 3 It is crucial to follow a doctor's instructions carefully and be mindful of potential risks associated with rizatriptan use.

Current Research Limitations

There's a need for further research on rizatriptan, particularly concerning its safety and efficacy in children and adolescents. 7 More data is also needed regarding overuse and potential liver toxicity. 10 2 3 Furthermore, research on interactions between rizatriptan and other medications is limited.

Future Research Directions

Future research on rizatriptan should prioritize the following aspects: * Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of rizatriptan in children and adolescents * Research to better understand the mechanisms of rizatriptan overuse and potential liver toxicity * Investigations into interactions between rizatriptan and other medications * Studies exploring the long-term effects of rizatriptan use By advancing these research areas, we can promote the safe use and effective application of rizatriptan.

Conclusion

Rizatriptan shows promise as a migraine treatment, but its use should be carefully considered. 9 While it may offer rapid relief, its potential side effects, cost, and overuse-related complications necessitate caution. 4 10 2 3 Always follow a doctor's instructions and be aware of the potential risks associated with rizatriptan.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
2
Article Type
5
3
1
5
20
1.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of zolmitriptan in the acute treatment of migraine.

Author: ChenLi-Chia, AshcroftDarren M

Migraine treatment
Adverse events

Zolmitriptan 2.5 mg tablet was as effective as almotriptan 12.5 mg, eletriptan 40 mg, sumatriptan 50 mg and 100 mg and more effective than naratriptan 2.5 mg in terms of 2-hour pain-free rates for the treatment of acute migraine attacks.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

[Rizatriptan-induced liver toxicity. Report of a case].

Author: Fernandez-AtutxaAlberto, VergaraMercedes, GilMontserrat, DalmauBlai, MiquelMireia, Sanchez-DelgadoJordi, CasasMeritxell

Migraine treatment
Hepatotoxicity

This case report describes a patient who developed hepatotoxicity after taking rizatriptan, a triptan drug used to treat migraine headaches.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

4.

Clinicopharmacological comparative study of rizatriptan versus conventional therapy in migraine.

Author: KushwahAnjali, TomarAkhilesh

Migraine treatment
Contraindications
Cost
Side effects

This study compared the safety, efficacy, and pharmaco-economics of rizatriptan (5HT(IB/ID) agonist) versus conventional therapy for terminating migraine attacks. Rizatriptan was found to be more efficacious than conventional therapy but has limitations due to contraindications, side effects, and cost.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Effects of rizatriptan on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide and cholecystokinin in the periaqueductal gray of a rat migraine model.

Author: YaoGang, HanXimei, HaoTingting, HuangQian, YuTingmin

Migraine treatment
Rizatriptan effectiveness
Rizatriptan mechanism

This study investigated the effects of rizatriptan, a triptan used for migraine treatment, on the expression of CGRP and CCK in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Rizatriptan was found to reduce the levels of these peptides, suggesting a mechanism for its analgesic effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Arterial spin-labeled MRI study of migraine attacks treated with rizatriptan.

Author: KatoYuji, ArakiNobuo, MatsudaHiroshi, ItoYasuo, SuzukiChihiro

Migraine treatment

This study used MRI to measure cerebral blood flow in a patient during a migraine attack. The results suggest that there is hypoperfusion in the thalamus and hyperperfusion in the frontal cortex during a migraine attack. Treatment with rizatriptan improved perfusion in the thalamus.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Newly Approved Agents for the Treatment and Prevention of Pediatric Migraine.

Author: KacperskiJoanne, HersheyAndrew D

Pediatric migraine treatment
Placebo effect

This article reviews newly approved abortive and preventive agents for migraine in the pediatric age group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of rizatriptan in pediatric migraineurs in a randomized study.

Author: FraserIain P, HanLingling, HanTae H, LiChi-Chung, HreniukDavid, StochS Aubrey, WagnerJohn A, LinderSteven, WinnerPaul

Migraine treatment

A weight-based dosing scheme for rizatriptan ODTs in pediatric migraineurs generated plasma concentrations similar to those observed in adults.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

[Rizatriptan: experience after 15 years of clinical use].

Author: Ramón-CarbajoCésar, Alvarez-EscuderoRocío, PascualJulio

Treat migraine

Rizatriptan is a 5-HT1B/1D agonist used to treat migraine headaches. It has a fast onset of action and is highly effective within two hours. It is well-tolerated and has a safety profile similar to other triptans. Studies have shown that rizatriptan is cost-effective and preferred by patients. It is most effective when used early in a migraine attack and has also been shown to be effective in adolescents. Overall, rizatriptan is a first-line treatment for migraine headaches.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Spanish

11.

Nociceptive behaviors were induced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater surrounding the superior sagittal sinus in conscious adult rats and reduced by morphine and rizatriptan benzoate.

Author: DongZhao, JiangLei, WangXiaohui, WangXiaolin, YuShengyuan

Migraine treatment

This study established a new model of trigeminovascular nociception in conscious animals. This model allows for the direct assessment of pain intensity and its response to medications like morphine and rizatriptan benzoate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents.

Author: RicherLawrence, BillinghurstLori, LinsdellMeghan A, RussellKelly, VandermeerBen, CrumleyEllen T, DurecTamara, KlassenTerry P, HartlingLisa

This systematic review of acute treatment medication trials for migraine in children and adolescents aimed to provide clinicians with evidence-based management choices for this growing population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Pharmacological treatment of acute migraine in adolescents and children.

Author: Wöber-BingölÇiçek

Pain relief
High placebo rates

This review summarizes current knowledge on the treatment of acute migraine in children and adolescents. While evidence for effective treatments is limited, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and triptans are commonly used, with varying levels of evidence supporting their efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Influence of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of rizatriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D agonist: differential effects of propranolol, nadolol and metoprolol.

Author: GoldbergM R, SciberrasD, De SmetM, LowryR, TomaskoL, LeeY, OlahT V, ZhaoJ, VyasK P, HalpinR, KariP H, JamesI

Migraine treatment
Drug interaction

Rizatriptan is used to treat migraine headaches, while propranolol and other beta-blockers are used to prevent migraines. This study investigates the potential for interactions between these drugs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Rizatriptan vs. ibuprofen in migraine: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Author: MisraUsha Kant, KalitaJayantee, YadavRama Kant

Headache relief
Migraine treatment
Reduced functional disability
Side effects

Rizatriptan was more effective than ibuprofen and placebo in relieving headache and associated symptoms in patients with migraine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

CNS effects of sumatriptan and rizatriptan in healthy female volunteers.

Author: van der PostJ, SchramM T, SchoemakerR C, PietersM S M, FuseauE, PereiraA, BaggenS, CohenA F, van GervenJ M A

Sedation

Sumatriptan and rizatriptan are migraine medications that have a sedative effect. The study found that these drugs decreased saccadic peak velocity and increased body sway, similar to temazepam, but also decreased reaction times and increased EEG alpha power. This suggests that sumatriptan and rizatriptan may have a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

Glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid and triptans overuse in chronic migraine.

Author: VieiraDomingos Sávio deSouza, Naffah-MazzacorattiMaria da Graça, ZukermanEliova, Senne SoaresCarlos Augusto, CavalheiroEsper Abräo, PeresMario Fernando Prieto

Glutamate may play a role in triptan response mechanisms for acute migraine treatment. Its involvement in central sensitization, which can impact triptan effectiveness, suggests a potential connection between glutamate and migraine chronification.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Excellent tolerability but relatively low initial clinical efficacy of telcagepant in migraine.

Author: Tfelt-HansenPeer

Migraine treatment
Pain relief

Telcagepant, a new drug for treating migraine headaches, has excellent tolerability. In clinical trials, it was as effective as zolmitriptan, but less effective than rizatriptan or almotriptan. While 26% of patients were pain-free after 2 hours, 56% experienced pain relief.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

OCT1 mediates hepatic uptake of sumatriptan and loss-of-function OCT1 polymorphisms affect sumatriptan pharmacokinetics.

Author: MatthaeiJ, KuronD, FaltracoF, KnochT, Dos Santos PereiraJ N, Abu AbedM, PrukopT, BrockmöllerJ, TzvetkovM V

Improved sumatriptan bioavailability

Sumatriptan, an anti-migraine drug, has low bioavailability due to hepatic metabolism. This study investigated the impact of the organic cation transporter OCT1 on sumatriptan uptake and pharmacokinetics. OCT1 polymorphisms can significantly reduce sumatriptan uptake and increase plasma concentrations, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in drug response.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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