Causes of shingles: A Synthesis of Findings from 3 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). VZV remains dormant in nerve ganglia after chickenpox and reactivates when immunity declines.

VZV is dormant in nerve ganglia and invades nerve cells. Once reactivated, VZV travels from the ganglia to the skin and causes the shingles rash.

Shingles is more common in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Shingles can be prevented by chickenpox vaccination.

Reason for Causes

The cause of shingles is the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). VZV remains dormant in the nerve ganglia after chickenpox and reactivates when immunity declines.

Common Causes

Aging

As people age, their immune systems weaken, making them more susceptible to VZV reactivation.

Immunodeficiency

People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or undergoing organ transplantation, are more likely to experience VZV reactivation. 1

Stress

Stress can weaken the immune system, potentially triggering VZV reactivation.

Other Causes

Other causes include HIV infection, organ transplantation, chemotherapy, and steroid use. 1

Countermeasures

Chickenpox Vaccination

Chickenpox vaccination can prevent VZV infection and reduce the risk of shingles.

Shingles Vaccination

Shingles vaccination reduces the risk of shingles. 3

Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy diet, exercise, and adequate sleep can strengthen the immune system and help prevent VZV reactivation.

Stress Management

Managing stress can strengthen the immune system.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

All studies indicate that VZV is the cause of shingles. They also indicate that VZV remains dormant in the ganglia and reactivates to cause shingles.

Differences

Different studies investigate the mechanisms of VZV reactivation and the prevention and treatment of shingles.

Cautions Regarding Application to Daily Life

Chickenpox vaccination and shingles vaccination are effective in preventing shingles. 3 It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage stress.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the mechanisms of VZV reactivation and the prevention and treatment of shingles is still insufficient.

Future Research Directions

It is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms of VZV reactivation and develop more effective methods for preventing and treating shingles. 2

Conclusion

Shingles is a disease caused by reactivation of VZV. Aging and immunodeficiency make individuals more susceptible to VZV reactivation. 1 Chickenpox vaccination and shingles vaccination are effective in preventing shingles. 3 It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage stress.

Literature analysis of 3 papers
Positive Content
3
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
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1
2
3
1.

Herpes Virus Infections in Kidney Transplant Patients (HINT) - a prospective observational cohort study.

Author: HammSebastian Rask, SainiSunil Kumar, HaldAnnemette, VaabenAnna V, PedersenNatasja Wulff, Suarez-ZdunekMoises Alberto, HarboeZitta Barrella, BruunsgaardHelle, JohansenIsik Somuncu, LarsenCarsten Schade, BistrupClaus, BirnHenrik, SørensenSøren Schwartz, HadrupSine Reker, NielsenSusanne Dam

Herpes zoster prevention

Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing herpes zoster, and vaccination with the adjuvanted recombinant glycoprotein E subunit herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) is recommended. This study aims to investigate the immune response to RZV vaccination in kidney transplant candidates and recipients at different timepoints before and after transplantation.

Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Advances and Perspectives in the Management of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections.

Author: AndreiGraciela, SnoeckRobert

VZV treatment

This review discusses the role of antiviral agents in the treatment of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, including varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). It examines FDA-approved drugs for VZV infections and highlights the need for novel antiviral agents with improved efficacy and fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults.

Author: de Oliveira GomesJuliana, GagliardiAnna Mz, AndrioloBrenda Ng, TorloniMaria Regina, AndrioloRegis B, PugaMaria Eduarda Dos Santos, Canteiro CruzEduardo

Herpes zoster prevention
VZV reactivation prevention

This Cochrane Review provides an update on the effectiveness and safety of herpes zoster vaccines. Two types of vaccines are available: the single-dose live attenuated zoster vaccine (LZV) and the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV).

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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