Side Effects of sitagliptin: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Sirolimus (SRL) has shown potential in preventing acute rejection and related side effects when used in combination with reduced cyclosporine exposure in living related renal allograft recipients ( 1 ). However, de novo sirolimus in calcineurin inhibitor-free regimens, while potentially beneficial for improving early renal function, are associated with various drug-related side effects in de novo renal transplant patients ( 2 ).

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of sirolimus can be attributed to its pharmacological action and individual patient characteristics. Sirolimus acts as an immunosuppressant, suppressing the body's immune system to prevent organ rejection after transplantation. However, suppressing the immune system can lead to side effects such as infections and cancer. Additionally, sirolimus side effects may vary based on factors like age, sex, genetic predisposition, and other medications being taken.

Common Side Effects

Infections

Sirolimus can increase the risk of infections due to its immunosuppressive effect ( 1 ). Infections can be caused by various agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Symptoms may include fever, cough, fatigue, and rash. Consult a doctor immediately if you suspect an infection.

Renal Impairment

Sirolimus can increase the risk of renal impairment ( 2 ). Renal impairment occurs when the kidneys' function deteriorates. Symptoms may include swelling, fatigue, and decreased urine output. Consult a doctor immediately if you suspect renal impairment.

Hepatic Dysfunction

Sirolimus can increase the risk of hepatic dysfunction ( 2 ). Hepatic dysfunction occurs when the liver's function deteriorates. Symptoms may include jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Consult a doctor immediately if you suspect hepatic dysfunction.

Other

Other side effects of sirolimus include headache, dizziness, digestive upset, hyperlipidemia, and hypoglycemia. These side effects are usually mild and disappear when the medication is discontinued.

Side Effects Management

Infections

Prevention of infections involves frequent handwashing and avoiding crowds. Regular health checks are crucial for early detection and treatment of infections. Consult a doctor immediately if you experience any symptoms of infection.

Renal Impairment

Prevention of renal impairment involves regular blood tests to monitor kidney function. Consult a doctor immediately if you suspect renal impairment.

Hepatic Dysfunction

Prevention of hepatic dysfunction involves regular blood tests to monitor liver function. Consult a doctor immediately if you suspect hepatic dysfunction.

Other

If you are concerned about other side effects of sirolimus, consult your doctor. They can assess the severity and cause of the side effects and recommend appropriate treatment.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Both studies were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of sirolimus. They both report findings on renal function, safety, and efficacy when sirolimus is administered to kidney transplant patients.

Differences

The first study compared sirolimus with azathioprine, while the second study compared sirolimus with mycophenolate mofetil. Additionally, the second study was conducted in a calcineurin inhibitor-free regimen.

Implications for Everyday Life

Sirolimus can have immunosuppressive effects and potentially help prevent rejection in kidney transplant patients. However, it's crucial to take sirolimus as directed by your doctor as it can cause side effects like infections and renal impairment. Particularly, consult a doctor immediately if you experience any symptoms of infection.

Limitations of Current Research

The research evaluating the safety and efficacy of sirolimus is still limited. Furthermore, the long-term effects of sirolimus are not yet fully understood. Therefore, it's essential to consult with your doctor before taking sirolimus.

Future Research Directions

Larger-scale, long-term studies are needed to further investigate the safety and efficacy of sirolimus. Research is also required to find ways to mitigate the various side effects associated with sirolimus.

Conclusion

Sirolimus can potentially be helpful in suppressing the immune system and preventing rejection in kidney transplant patients. However, it's crucial to take sirolimus as prescribed by your doctor due to the potential for side effects like infections and renal impairment. Further research is anticipated to provide more information on the safety and efficacy of sirolimus.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
4
Article Type
3
0
0
2
22
1.

An open-label randomized trial of the safety and efficacy of sirolimus vs. azathioprine in living related renal allograft recipients receiving cyclosporine and prednisone combination.

Author: MachadoPaula G P, FelipeCláudia R, HanzawaNilva M, ParkSung I, GarciaRiberto, AlfieriFernando, FrancoMarcelo, SilvaHélio T, Medina-PestanaJosé O

Improved graft function
Reduced rejection
Hyperlipidemia

Sirolimus, in combination with reduced cyclosporine exposure, is effective in preventing acute rejection in renal transplant recipients. It also reduces the incidence of rejection compared to azathioprine with standard cyclosporine doses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Renal function, efficacy, and safety of sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil after short-term calcineurin inhibitor-based quadruple therapy in de novo renal transplant patients: one-year analysis of a randomized multicenter trial.

Author: GubaMarkus, PratschkeJohann, HugoChristian, KrämerBernhard K, Nohr-WestphalConstanze, BrockmannJens, AndrassyJoachim, ReinkePetra, PressmarKatharina, HakenbergOliver, FischerederMichael, PascherAndreas, IllnerWolf-Dieter, BanasBernhard, JauchKarl-Walter,

Improved renal function
Reduced cytomegalovirus viremia
Acne
Aphtous
High rate of dropouts
Hyperlipidemia

Early conversion to a calcineurin inhibitor-free regimen with sirolimus (SRL) in combination with mycophenolate mofetil was associated with improved renal function in patients after renal transplantation. However, there was a significantly higher rate of drug discontinuation in the SRL group (36.2% vs. 19.7%) due to adverse events such as acne, aphtous ulcers, and temporary hyperlipidemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Side effects of frequently used oral antidiabetics on wound healing in vitro.

Author: StuermerEwa Klara, BesserM, TerbergerN, KoesterV, BachmannH S, SeveringA L

Wound healing impairment

Oral antidiabetics can affect skin cells and wound healing. This study found that metformin had the most negative effects on skin cells, while sitagliptin, glibenclamide, and repaglinide had less of an effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Acute Liver Injury Induced by Sitagliptin: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature.

Author: ShahbazAmir, AzizKashif, UmairMuhammad, SharifzadehMohaddeseh, SachmechiIssac

Liver injury

Two cases of acute liver injury associated with sitagliptin, a diabetes medication, are presented. Both patients experienced a significant increase in liver enzymes (ALT & AST) that resolved after stopping the drug. This highlights the need for further research into liver injury linked to DPP-4 inhibitors.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

7.

Prediction of Side Effects Using Comprehensive Similarity Measures.

Author: SeoSukyung, LeeTaekeon, KimMi-Hyun, YoonYoungmi

Side effect prediction

This study developed a new method to predict drug side effects using a diverse range of data, including drug-drug interactions, genetic information, and side effect hierarchy. The proposed method showed improved prediction accuracy compared to using chemical properties alone, and highlighted potential side effects of several commonly used drugs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Liraglutide and DPP-4 inhibitors - side effects comparative clinical study.

Author: TimofteLuminiţa, StratmannBernd, QuesterWulf, BojiţăMarius Traian, TschoepeDiethelm

Diabetes treatment
Side effects

Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, had more side effects than DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin), but it was still a safe and effective treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Clinical review of sitagliptin: a DPP-4 inhibitor.

Author: GargKamlesh, TripathiC D, KumarSurinder

Effective diabetes treatment
Safe
Well tolerated
Minimal side effects

Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for type 2 diabetes. It works by increasing incretin levels and has minimal side effects when used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Effectiveness and Safety of Sitagliptin in Patients with Beta-thalassaemia Major and Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Series.

Author: ZonooziShahrzad, BarnardMaria, PrescottEmma, JonesRomilla, ShahFarrukh T, TzoulisPloutarchos

Improved glycaemic control
Reduced hypoglycaemia

Sitagliptin could be a safe and effective treatment for diabetes in beta-thalassemia major patients. A case series of 5 patients showed improvements in blood sugar control with few side effects, but further research is needed to confirm this finding.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

16.

Cardiovascular Safety of Antidiabetic Drugs in the Hospital Setting.

Author: SeggelkeStacey A, LindsayMark C, HazlettIngrid, SanagorskiRebecca, EckelRobert H, Low WangCecilia C

Glycemic control
Reduced hypoglycemia risk
Cardiovascular safety

Patients with diabetes or stress hyperglycemia need effective glucose control in hospitals. While insulin is often used, it carries a risk of hypoglycemia and errors. Alternatives to insulin are needed, but their cardiovascular safety remains a concern.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

[Annual monitoring of side effects of administering sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Author: AndelMichal, SkrhaPavel, KramlPavel, PotockovaJana, HoffmanovaIva, SilhovaElena, FontanaJosef, RichterovaAnna, GadirediMartin, BusekPetr, SromovaLucie, ŠedoAleksi

Decreased liver steatosis
Improved glycemic control
Weight loss
Increased serum amylase

This study examined the effects of sitagliptin, a diabetes medication, on patients with type 2 diabetes. After one year, sitagliptin resulted in a 1kg weight loss and slight improvements in blood sugar levels. Some patients also experienced a reduction in liver fat.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Czech

19.

LINAGLIPTIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS.

Author: MosqueraJorge Esteban, TorresNancy, RestrepoJorge, Ruz-PauCarlos

Acute pancreatitis

Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, may cause acute pancreatitis. This is a rare but serious adverse effect. Clinicians should warn patients about this risk and consider switching to another hypoglycemic treatment if a patient is at risk for pancreatitis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

20.

Safety of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: outcomes from TECOS.

Author: EngelSamuel S, SuryawanshiShailaja, StevensSusanna R, JosseRobert G, CornelJan H, JakubonieneNeli, RiefflinAxel, TankovaTsvetalina, WainsteinJulio, PetersonEric D, HolmanRury R,

Safe for CKD patients
Higher adverse events
Higher diabetes complications

This study examined the incidence of diabetes-associated complications and the safety of sitagliptin in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS). The study found that participants with CKD had higher incidences of serious adverse events and diabetes complications than those without CKD. However, sitagliptin was generally well tolerated in participants with CKD, with no meaningful differences in safety outcomes observed between those with CKD assigned to sitagliptin or placebo. This suggests that sitagliptin may be a safe and effective treatment option for diabetes in patients with CKD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Sitagliptin and tofacitinib ameliorate adjuvant induced arthritis via modulating the cross talk between JAK/STAT and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Author: IbrahimSherihan Salaheldin Abdelhamid, SalamaMona Abdelrazek, SelimaEman, ShehataRowaida Refaat

Reduced inflammation

This study explored the effects of sitagliptin and tofacitinib on inflammatory pathways in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Coadministration of sitagliptin or metformin has no major impact on the adverse metabolic outcomes induced by dexamethasone treatment in rats.

Author: FigueiredoBryanne Silva, FerreiraFrancielle Batista D, BarbosaAmanda Marreiro, Dos SantosCristiane, OrtsäterHenrik, RafachoAlex

antidiabetic effects
GC side effects

This study investigated whether metformin or sitagliptin could reduce the adverse metabolic effects of excess glucocorticoids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Association of musculoskeletal complaints and gliptin use: review of spontaneous reports.

Author: TarapuésMónica, CerezaGloria, FiguerasAlbert

Musculoskeletal adverse effects

This study investigates spontaneous reports related to musculoskeletal (MSk) adverse effects associated with the use of gliptins, a class of antidiabetic drugs. The aim is to characterize and analyze the reported adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Unresponsive Intractable Chronic Headache With Sitagliptin.

Author: ZaghloulAhmed, IorgoveanuCorina, PolioAndrew, DesaiAakash

Diabetes treatment
Headache
Joint pain
Pancreatitis

This report describes a case of chronic headache in a patient with type II diabetes that resolved after stopping the medication sitagliptin. This underscores the importance of monitoring for less common side effects of even well-tolerated drugs.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

26.

Sitagliptin plus pantoprazole can restore but not maintain insulin independence after clinical islet transplantation: results of a pilot study.

Author: SeniorP A, KohA, YauJ, ImesS, DinyariP, MalcolmA J, LightP, ShapiroA M J

Restored insulin independence
Early graft insufficiency

This study explored the use of pantoprazole and sitagliptin to restore insulin independence in islet transplant recipients with early graft failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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