Effective treatment of suicide: A Synthesis of Findings from 67 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Findings

Suicide is a significant public health concern, and the majority of those who attempt suicide suffer from mental health disorders. 40 , 57 . Beyond traditional medication, therapies like seizure therapy and noninvasive brain stimulation have been used to treat such patients. However, the impact of these non-pharmaceutical treatments on suicidal thoughts and the occurrence of suicide remains unclear. 57 . This paper aims to provide an update on the effects of seizure therapy and noninvasive brain stimulation on suicidal thoughts.

Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 17 , , 50 . Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) may also be effective for veterans with high suicidal thoughts. 40 . Furthermore, continuous communication through phone calls and letters for individuals who have attempted suicide could help reduce the risk of a subsequent attempt. 56 . Lithium is used as a maintenance treatment for mood disorders and might lower suicide rates. 5 . Clozapine may also significantly reduce suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. 9 . However, it is unclear whether antidepressants can prevent suicides or suicide attempts, particularly during long-term use. 39 . There is also research indicating that psychotropic medication is not associated with a decrease in suicidal thoughts or suicide reattempts. 58 .

In the treatment of suicidal behavior, encouraging treatment engagement is critical. 43 , 37 . Communication between patients and their families can be a very effective way of preventing a second suicide attempt. 56 . Providing suicide risk assessments and guidelines for those at high risk is also important. 29 . Therapeutic alliance plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for individuals who have attempted suicide. 44 .

Treatment Summary

Various treatments are being researched to treat suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Medication options include antidepressants, lithium, and clozapine. 5 , 9 , 39 , 58 . Non-medication therapies include CBT, DBT, seizure therapy, and noninvasive brain stimulation. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 57 . Furthermore, encouraging communication between patients and their families and promoting treatment engagement is crucial. 43 , 37 , 56 , 29 , 44 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Research suggests that treatments like CBT, DBT, continuous communication through phone calls and letters, lithium, and clozapine can help reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 56 , 5 , 9 . Encouraging communication between patients and their families and promoting treatment engagement are also important. 43 , 37 , 56 , 29 , 44 .

Risk Summary

Antidepressants may not prevent suicides or suicide attempts. 39 . Psychotropic medication may not be associated with a decrease in suicidal thoughts or suicide reattempts. 58 .

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Many studies focus on reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 56 , 5 , 9 , 39 , 58 . They also highlight the importance of promoting treatment engagement. 43 , 37 , 56 , 29 , 44 .

Differences

The patient populations, treatments, and study designs vary across studies. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 56 , 5 , 9 , 39 , 58 , 43 , 37 , 56 , 29 , 44 .

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

There is both consistency and contradiction in the research findings. Some studies show that treatments such as CBT, DBT, continuous communication through phone calls and letters, lithium, and clozapine help reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 56 , 5 , 9 . However, antidepressants may not prevent suicides or suicide attempts, and psychotropic medication may not be associated with a decrease in suicidal thoughts or suicide reattempts. 39 , 58 . These contradictions may be due to differences in the patient populations, treatments, and study designs.

Considerations for Real-World Application

If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors, seek appropriate treatment. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 56 , 5 , 9 . If you are at high risk of suicide, consult a doctor. 29 . It is important to reach out to family and friends for support. 43 , 37 , 56 . Suicidal thoughts are treatable, and it is essential to remember that there is always hope.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still not enough research on the treatment of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In particular, more research is needed on the effects of seizure therapy and noninvasive brain stimulation on suicidal thoughts. 57 . Research is also lacking on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for individuals who have attempted suicide. 36 . Furthermore, comparing research findings can be challenging due to differences in study designs, patient populations, and treatments.

Directions for Future Research

More research is needed on the effects of seizure therapy and noninvasive brain stimulation on suicidal thoughts. 57 . Research is also needed on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for individuals who have attempted suicide. 36 . Standardizing study designs, patient populations, and treatments would make comparing research findings easier.

Conclusion

Suicide is a significant public health concern, and individuals experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors should seek appropriate treatment. 17 , , 40 , 50 , 56 , 5 , 9 . If you are at high risk of suicide, consult a doctor. 29 . It is important to reach out to family and friends for support. 43 , 37 , 56 . Suicidal thoughts are treatable, and it is essential to remember that there is always hope.

Treatment List

CBT, DBT, seizure therapy, noninvasive brain stimulation, antidepressants, lithium, clozapine, continuous communication through phone calls and letters, communication with family, promoting treatment engagement

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Alcohol use reduction
Suicide attempt reduction
1
Improved depression
Reduced suicidal ideation
2
Superior effectiveness
3
Suicide attempt prevention
4
Reduced relapse
Suicide prevention
5
Substance abuse treatment
6
Reduced relapse
Suicide prevention
7
Improved mental health
Improved treatment attendance
Reduced suicidal behavior
8
Reduced suicidal behavior
9
Reduced suicidal ideation
10
Improved treatment decisions
Reduced suicidality
11
Reduced suicidal risk
12
Depression treatment
Suicidal prevention
13
Late-life depression treatment
14
Suicide behavior reduction
15
Identify suicidal patients
16
Reduced suicide attempts
17
Reduced suicide risk
18
Suicide treatment
19
Suicide prevention
20
Suicide prevention
21
Improved linkage to treatment
22
Suicidal ideation reduction
23
Improved adherence
24
Schizophrenia suicide prevention
25
Reduced suicide ideation
26
Reduced suicide vulnerability
27
Reduced suicide risk
28
Improved patient care
29
Reduced suicide attempts
30
Self-harm reduction
31
Depression therapies
32
Postcard intervention
33
Effective psychological treatment
Reduced distress
34
Reduced suicidality
35
Suicide prevention
36
Suicide prevention
37
Suicide prevention
38
Suicide prevention
40
Suicide prevention
41
Suicide prevention
42
Suicide prevention
43
Improved alliance
Reduced suicidality
44
Rapid symptom reduction
45
Self-harm reduction
Suicide attempt reduction
46
Reduced suicidal thoughts and behaviors
47
Improved mental health
Reduced suicidal ideation
48
Improved suicide prevention
49
Suicidal ideation reduction
50
Reduced depressive symptoms
51
Suicide prevention
52
Treatment for adolescent suicide risk
53
Reduced suicide reattempts
54
Suicide prevention
55
Seizure therapies for suicidality
57
Reduced reattempts
Reduced suicidal ideation
58
Cost efficiency
Diminish social isolation
Increase social support
59
Reduced suicide risk
Stronger relationships
60
Reduced suicide risk
61
Improved group cohesion
Improved treatment satisfaction
Reduced symptom distress
62
Treatment for PTSD and suicidal thoughts and behaviors
64
Reduced suicide attempts
65
Early identification
Treatment and support
66
Reduced suicidal ideation
67
Risk Keywords
Efficacy disputed
5
Efficacy disputed
7
Longer time to respond
Lower response rate
10
Antidepressant resistance
13
No improvement in clinical or functioning outcomes
22
Insufficient evidence
23
No effect on suicide
24
No clear results
28
Suicidal ideation
32
Treatment ineffective
33
Suicide
Suicide attempt
39
None mentioned
40
Dissociation
Dizziness
Nausea
45
Dissociation
Dizziness
51
Higher depression
Long-term medication not beneficial
58
Suicide attempts
63
Literature analysis of 67 papers
Positive Content
61
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
45
8
20
15
67
1.

A follow-up program for suicide attempters: evaluation of effectiveness.

Author: WeluT C

Alcohol use reduction
Suicide attempt reduction

A study of suicide attempters found that a 4-month follow-up outreach program significantly reduced the rate of suicide reattempts and excessive alcohol use compared to the standard "treat and release" approach. While the reduction in drug abuse was not statistically significant, there was a trend toward improvement. The study also found that the rate of intentional accidents was similar in both groups.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Cognitive-behavioural problem solving in the treatment of patients who repeatedly attempt suicide. A controlled trial.

Author: SalkovskisP M, AthaC, StorerD

Improved depression
Reduced suicidal ideation

This study compared cognitive-behavioral problem solving to standard care in 20 patients at high risk of suicide attempts. The problem-solving group showed significantly greater improvements in depression, hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, and identified problems at the end of treatment and after one year. The problem-solving group also showed a trend towards lower rates of repeated suicide attempts. This study suggests that cognitive-behavioral problem solving may be a valuable treatment for reducing suicide risk and improving mental health.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Behavior therapy vs insight-oriented therapy for repeated suicide attempters.

Author: LibermanR P, EckmanT

Superior effectiveness

Behavior therapy was more effective than insight-oriented therapy in reducing suicidal attempts and ideation in patients with a history of repeated suicide attempts.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

4.

Psychosocial intervention following suicide attempt: a systematic review of treatment interventions.

Author: van der SandeR, BuskensE, AllartE, van der GraafY, van EngelandH

Suicide attempt prevention

This systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining treatments for suicide attempters found that while some studies showed benefits on well-being, only cognitive-behavioural therapies demonstrated lasting positive effects on repeated suicidal behavior.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Lithium for maintenance treatment of mood disorders.

Author: BurgessS, GeddesJ, HawtonK, TownsendE, JamisonK, GoodwinG

Reduced relapse
Suicide prevention
Efficacy disputed

Mood disorders are common, debilitating, and often return. They also increase the risk of suicide. Lithium has been used to prevent relapses in bipolar disorder and, to a lesser extent, depression. However, the effectiveness of lithium is debated. Lower suicide rates in people taking lithium suggest that it may specifically reduce suicide risk, which is significant as most mental health treatments have not been shown to prevent suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

Treating the substance-abusing suicidal patient.

Author: CorneliusJ R, SalloumI M, LynchK, ClarkD B, MannJ J

Substance abuse treatment

Suicidal behavior is common among substance-abusing patients, but treatment studies are limited due to the exclusion of this population. Fluoxetine has shown promise in reducing depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation, and alcohol consumption in a study of substance-abusing suicidal patients. However, the effects were not complete, and further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of various pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies for this population.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Lithium for maintenance treatment of mood disorders.

Author: BurgessS, GeddesJ, HawtonK, TownsendE, JamisonK, GoodwinG

Reduced relapse
Suicide prevention
Efficacy disputed

Mood disorders are common, severe, and often return. They also increase the risk of suicide. Lithium has been used to prevent relapses in bipolar disorder and, to a lesser extent, depression. However, the effectiveness of lithium is debated. Lower suicide rates in people taking lithium suggest that it may specifically reduce suicide risk, which is significant as most mental health treatments have not been shown to prevent suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Telephone contact with patients in the year after a suicide attempt: does it affect treatment attendance and outcome? A randomised controlled study.

Author: CederekeM, MontiK, OjehagenA

Improved mental health
Improved treatment attendance
Reduced suicidal behavior

This study investigated the effects of regular phone calls on treatment attendance, suicide attempts, and mental health in people who had attempted suicide. The study randomly assigned participants to receive regular phone calls or not.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT).

Author: MeltzerHerbert Y, AlphsLarry, GreenAlan I, AltamuraA Carlo, AnandRavi, BertoldiAlberto, BourgeoisMarc, ChouinardGuy, IslamM Zahur, KaneJohn, KrishnanRanga, LindenmayerJ P, PotkinSteven,

Reduced suicidal behavior

Clozapine therapy was superior to olanzapine therapy in preventing suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder at high risk for suicide.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Occurrence and course of suicidality during short-term treatment of late-life depression.

Author: SzantoKatalin, MulsantBenoit H, HouckPatricia, DewMary Amanda, ReynoldsCharles F

Reduced suicidal ideation
Longer time to respond
Lower response rate

Suicidal ideation in elderly patients with depression resolves rapidly with treatment, but thoughts of death resolve more gradually. Elderly patients with depression and a history of suicide attempt or current suicidal ideation have a lower response rate and require a longer time to respond to treatment compared to those with lower risk of suicide.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Predicting suicidal risk in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients in a prospective two-year trial.

Author: PotkinSteven G, AlphsLarry, HsuChuanchieh, KrishnanK Ranga Rama, AnandRavi, YoungFrederick K, MeltzerHerbert, GreenAlan,

Improved treatment decisions
Reduced suicidality

This study identified risk factors for suicidal behavior in patients at high risk for suicide. The risk factors included schizoaffective disorder, a history of substance abuse, cigarette smoking, number of suicide attempts, number of hospitalizations to prevent suicide, and high scores on the InterSePT scale for suicidal thinking, Covi Anxiety Scale, Calgary Depression Scale (CDS), and severity of Parkinsonism.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Suicidal risk during treatment with clozapine: a meta-analysis.

Author: HennenJohn, BaldessariniRoss J

Reduced suicidal risk

Clozapine, an antipsychotic medication, shows promise in reducing suicidal risk in chronically psychotic patients with schizophrenia, a condition that remains a major cause of premature mortality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Treating suicidality in depressive illness. Part I: current controversies.

Author: SakinofskyIsaac

Depression treatment
Suicidal prevention
Antidepressant resistance

Undertreatment of depression and suicidality in depressed suicidal patients remains a concern, although there has been improvement, possibly due to increased awareness. The evidence for attributing the decline in suicide rates to increased antidepressant prescribing is inconclusive due to inconsistencies in the data.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

The relationship between suicide ideation and late-life depression.

Author: VannoySteven D, DubersteinPaul, CukrowiczKelly, LinElizabeth, FanMing-Yu, UnützerJürgen

Late-life depression treatment

This study describes the course of suicide ideation (SI) in primary-care based late-life depression treatment, identifies predictors of SI, and investigates the relationship between depression and SI.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce suicide behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: TarrierNicholas, TaylorKatherine, GoodingPatricia

Suicide behavior reduction

Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) were found to significantly reduce suicide behavior in adults.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Clinical features of patients with treatment-emergent suicidal behavior following initiation of paroxetine therapy.

Author: KrausJohn E, HorriganJoseph P, CarpenterDavid J, FongRegan, BarrettPamela S, DaviesJohn T

Identify suicidal patients

This meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials compared suicidality in adult patients treated with paroxetine vs. placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP): treatment model, feasibility, and acceptability.

Author: StanleyBarbara, BrownGregory, BrentDavid A, WellsKaren, PolingKim, CurryJohn, KennardBetsy D, WagnerAnn, CwikMary F, KlomekAnat Brunstein, GoldsteinTina, VitielloBenedetto, BarnettShannon, DanielStephanie, HughesJennifer

Reduced suicide attempts

A manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP) has been developed for adolescents who have recently attempted suicide. The CBT-SP consists of acute and continuation phases, each lasting about 12 sessions, and includes a chain analysis of the suicidal event, safety plan development, skill building, psychoeducation, family intervention, and relapse prevention.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

18.

The Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters study (TASA): predictors of suicidal events in an open treatment trial.

Author: BrentDavid A, GreenhillLaurence L, ComptonScott, EmslieGraham, WellsKaren, WalkupJohn T, VitielloBenedetto, BuksteinOscar, StanleyBarbara, PosnerKelly, KennardBetsy D, CwikMary F, WagnerAnn, CoffeyBarbara, MarchJohn S, RiddleMark, GoldsteinTina, CurryJohn, BarnettShannon, CapassoLisa, ZelaznyJamie, HughesJennifer, ShenSa, GuggaS Sonia, TurnerJ Blake

Reduced suicide risk

The 6-month morbid risks for suicidal events and for reattempts were lower than those in other comparable samples. Higher self-rated depression, suicidal ideation, family income, greater number of previous suicide attempts, lower maximum lethality of previous attempt, history of sexual abuse, and lower family cohesion predicted the occurrence of a suicidal event.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Future oriented group training for suicidal patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Author: van BeekWessel, KerkhofAd, BeekmanAartjan

Suicide treatment

This study proposes a group training program for patients with suicidal thoughts, focusing on cognitive-behavioral approaches to address hopelessness, worrying, and future perspectives. The goal is to reduce the frequency and intensity of suicidal thinking.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

[Patient satisfaction regarding further telephone contact following attempted suicide].

Author: GruatG, CottencinO, DucrocqF, DuhemS, VaivaG

Suicide prevention

This study investigated the acceptability of systematic telephone follow-up for people who had attempted suicide. The study found that telephone follow-up one month after the suicide attempt was associated with a lower rate of repeat attempts compared to no follow-up. A majority of patients who received follow-up found it beneficial and felt it had a positive impact on their lives. While some patients would have preferred earlier follow-up, most found the method of contact acceptable. The study highlights the importance of considering patients' perspectives in managing suicide attempts and emphasizes the value of simply listening to and understanding patients' experiences.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

22.

An emergency department intervention for linking pediatric suicidal patients to follow-up mental health treatment.

Author: AsarnowJoan Rosenbaum, BaraffLarry J, BerkMichele, GrobCharles S, Devich-NavarroMona, SuddathRobert, PiacentiniJohn C, Rotheram-BorusMary Jane, CohenDaniel, TangLingqi

Improved linkage to treatment
No improvement in clinical or functioning outcomes

An enhanced emergency department intervention, including a family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy session and care linkage telephone contacts, significantly improved linkage to outpatient mental health treatment for suicidal youths. The intervention group had higher rates of psychotherapy, combined psychotherapy and medication, and psychotherapy visits.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

23.

The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression on suicidality and hopelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: CuijpersPim, de BeursDerek P, van SpijkerBregje A J, BerkingMatthias, AnderssonGerhard, KerkhofAd J F M

Suicidal ideation reduction
Insufficient evidence

There is insufficient evidence to conclude that psychotherapy for depression reduces suicidal ideation or suicide risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Effect of assertive outreach after suicide attempt in the AID (assertive intervention for deliberate self harm) trial: randomised controlled trial.

Author: MorthorstBritt, KroghJesper, ErlangsenAnnette, AlberdiFrancisco, NordentoftMerete

Improved adherence
No effect on suicide

Assertive outreach intervention was not found to be significantly effective in reducing subsequent suicide attempts in patients who had attempted suicide. The difference in rates of events between hospital records and self-reported data could indicate detection bias.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Fluoxetine increases suicide ideation less than placebo during treatment of adults with minor depressive disorder.

Author: GarlowSteven J, KinkeadBecky, ThaseMichael E, JuddLewis L, RushA John, YonkersKimberly A, KupferDavid J, FrankEllen, SchettlerPamela J, RapaportMark Hyman

Reduced suicide ideation

Compared to placebo, fluoxetine was not associated with a clinically significant increase in suicide ideation among adults with minor depressive disorder during 12 weeks of treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Incidental treatment effects of CBT on suicidal ideation and hopelessness.

Author: HandleyTonelle E, Kay-LambkinFrances J, BakerAmanda L, LewinTerry J, KellyBrian J, InderKerry J, AttiaJohn R, KavanaghDavid J

Reduced suicide vulnerability

Depression and alcohol misuse are common and can increase the risk of suicide. This study will investigate the effectiveness of common treatments for depression and alcohol misuse in reducing suicide vulnerability in patients with both conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Effectiveness of lithium in subjects with treatment-resistant depression and suicide risk: a protocol for a randomised, independent, pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial.

Author: CiprianiAndrea, GirlandaFrancesca, AgrimiEmilia, BarichelloAndrea, BeneduceRossella, BighelliIrene, BisoffiGiulia, BisognoAlfredo, BortolasoPaola, BosoMarianna, CalandraCarmela, CasconeLiliana, CorbascioCaterina, PariseVincenzo Fricchione, GardellinFrancesco, GennaroDaniele, HanifeBatul, LintasCamilla, LorussoMarina, LuchettaChiara, LuciiClaudio, CernutoFrancesco, TozziFiorella, MarsilioAlessandra, MaioFrancesca, MatteiChiara, MorettiDaniele, AppinoMaria Grazia, NosèMichela, OcchioneroGuglielmo, PapantiDuccio, PecileDamiano, PurgatoMarianna, PrestiaDavide, RestainoFrancesco, SciarmaTiziana, RubertoAlessandra, StrizzoloStefania, TamboriniStefania, TodarelloOrlando, ZieroSimona, ZotosSpyridon, BarbuiCorrado

Reduced suicide risk
No clear results

This study will investigate whether adding lithium to standard therapy is an effective treatment for reducing suicidal behavior in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) who have a history of deliberate self-harm.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

29.

What factors determine disclosure of suicide ideation in adults 60 and older to a treatment provider?

Author: CukrowiczKelly C, DubersteinPaul R, VannoySteven D, LinElizabeth H, UnützerJürgen

Improved patient care

This study investigated factors influencing patient disclosure of suicidal ideation to healthcare providers. Findings suggest that patients with poorer quality of life and a history of mental health treatment are more likely to disclose these thoughts. Routine suicide risk assessment is recommended, with efforts to minimize unintended consequences and enhance disclosure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

30.

The DiaS trial: dialectical behavior therapy versus collaborative assessment and management of suicidality on self-harm in patients with a recent suicide attempt and borderline personality disorder traits - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: AndreassonKate, KroghJesper, RosenbaumBent, GluudChristian, JobesDavid A, NordentoftMerete

Reduced suicide attempts

This study examines the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and collaborative assessment and management of suicidality-informed supportive psychotherapy in preventing repeated self-harm in patients with borderline personality disorder who have recently attempted suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Pragmatic Clinical TrialA trial conducted in a real-world clinical setting. It evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in everyday healthcare environments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

31.

MIDSHIPS: multicentre intervention designed for self-harm using interpersonal problem-solving: protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study.

Author: CollinsonMichelle, OwensDavid, BlenkironPaul, BurtonKayleigh, GrahamLiz, HatcherSimon, HouseAllan, MartinKatie, PembrokeLouise, ProtheroeDavid, TubeufSandy, FarrinAmanda

Self-harm reduction

In England, at least 150,000 people go to the hospital each year for self-harm, with many being repeat visitors. Over 5,000 people die by suicide in the UK annually, with a quarter of them having been hospitalized for self-harm in the previous year. Self-harm is a significant risk factor for suicide. While many people who self-harm receive inadequate psychological care, there's limited research on how to prevent repeat self-harm. Brief problem-solving therapy is considered a promising treatment for this issue.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Pragmatic Clinical TrialA trial conducted in a real-world clinical setting. It evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in everyday healthcare environments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

32.

Do depression treatments reduce suicidal ideation? The effects of CBT, IPT, pharmacotherapy, and placebo on suicidality.

Author: WeitzErica, HollonSteven D, KerkhofAd, CuijpersPim

Depression therapies
Suicidal ideation

While effective treatments exist for depression, there's a lack of clear evidence on whether these treatments also effectively reduce suicidal thoughts. This study highlights the need for more research on this critical aspect of depression care and aims to provide valuable information for healthcare professionals and policymakers working on suicide prevention.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

33.

The ACCESS study: Zelen randomised controlled trial of a package of care for people presenting to hospital after self-harm.

Author: HatcherSimon, SharonCynthia, HouseAllan, CollinsNicola, CollingsSunny, PillaiAvinesh

Postcard intervention
Treatment ineffective

The ACCESS study, a Zelen randomized controlled trial, found no significant differences in re-presentation to hospital with self-harm between a group receiving a package of measures including regular postcards and problem-solving therapy and a group receiving usual care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

34.

Investigating the feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive behavioural suicide prevention therapy for people in acute psychiatric wards (the 'INSITE' trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Author: HaddockGillian, DaviesLinda, EvansEmma, EmsleyRichard, GoodingPatricia, HeaneyLisa, JonesSarah, KellyJames, MunroAilsa, PetersSarah, PrattDaniel, TarrierNicholas, WindfuhrKirsten, AwenatYvonne

Effective psychological treatment
Reduced distress

This study describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a cognitive behavioral intervention targeting suicidality (CBSP) for suicidal patients in acute psychiatric wards.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

35.

The treatment of suicidality in adolescents by psychosocial interventions for depression: A systematic literature review.

Author: DevenishBethany, BerkLesley, LewisAndrew J

Reduced suicidality

This review investigates whether psychological interventions for depression in adolescents can reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

36.

A Novel Brief Therapy for Patients Who Attempt Suicide: A 24-months Follow-Up Randomized Controlled Study of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP).

Author: Gysin-MaillartAnja, SchwabSimon, SoraviaLeila, MegertMillie, MichelKonrad

Suicide prevention

This study examines the effectiveness of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) in reducing suicidal behavior in patients who have attempted suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

37.

Single-session dialectical behavior therapy skills training versus relaxation training for non-treatment-engaged suicidal adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Ward-CiesielskiErin F, JonesConnor B, WielgusMadeline D, WilksChelsey R, LinehanMarsha M

Suicide prevention

Research studies on suicide prevention often overlook individuals who aren't currently receiving mental health care. This is because these studies typically rely on recruitment methods that involve referrals from healthcare providers. However, research suggests that most people who die by suicide haven't been in contact with mental health services in the year before their death.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

38.

Direct versus indirect psychosocial and behavioural interventions to prevent suicide and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: MeerwijkEsther L, ParekhAmrita, OquendoMaria A, AllenI Elaine, FranckLinda S, LeeKathryn A

Suicide prevention

This review examined studies on interventions for preventing suicide and suicide attempts. The researchers compared interventions that directly target suicidal thoughts and behaviors to those that focus on treating underlying mental health issues like depression or anxiety. They wanted to see if directly addressing suicidal thoughts and behaviors was more effective in preventing suicide and suicide attempts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

39.

Suicides and Suicide Attempts during Long-Term Treatment with Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis of 29 Placebo-Controlled Studies Including 6,934 Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Author: BraunCora, BschorTom, FranklinJeremy, BaethgeChristopher

Suicide
Suicide attempt

Therapists should be aware of the lack of proof from RCTs that antidepressants prevent suicides and suicide attempts. We cannot conclude with certainty whether antidepressants increase the risk for suicide or suicide attempts. Researchers must report all suicides and suicide attempts in RCTs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

40.

A Randomized Trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in High-Risk Suicidal Veterans.

Author: GoodmanMarianne, BanthinDavid, BlairNicholas J, MascitelliKathryn A, WilsnackJaime, ChenJennifer, MessengerJulie W, Perez-RodriguezM Mercedes, TriebwasserJoseph, KoenigsbergHarold W, GoetzRaymond R, HazlettErin A, NewAntonia S

Suicide prevention
None mentioned

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for suicide prevention in veterans, regardless of personality diagnosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

42.

Cognitive-Behavioral Family Treatment for Suicide Attempt Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: AsarnowJoan Rosenbaum, HughesJennifer L, BabevaKalina N, SugarCatherine A

Suicide prevention

This study explores the effectiveness of Safe Alternatives for Teens and Youths (SAFETY), a cognitive-behavioral, dialectical behavior therapy-informed family treatment, in promoting safety for youths with self-harm presentations. This population is considered high-risk for both fatal and nonfatal suicide attempts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

43.

Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial.

Author: Ward-CiesielskiErin F, TidikJulia A, EdwardsAmanda J, LinehanMarsha M

Suicide prevention

People who are having suicidal thoughts but are not currently receiving mental health care have been largely ignored in research on suicide prevention. This highlights the need for more research focused on reaching out to people who aren't already engaged in mental health services, as these individuals are at high risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

44.

The relationship between therapeutic alliance and patient's suicidal thoughts, self-harming behaviours and suicide attempts: A systematic review.

Author: Dunster-PageCharlotte, HaddockGillian, WainwrightLaura, BerryKatherine

Improved alliance
Reduced suicidality

Suicidal thoughts and actions are common in people with mental health problems. Since these behaviors are often related to interpersonal factors, the relationship between the patient and therapist (therapeutic alliance) may be important for treatment success. This review examined research on the link between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

45.

Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine for the Rapid Reduction of Symptoms of Depression and Suicidality in Patients at Imminent Risk for Suicide: Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Author: CanusoCarla M, SinghJaskaran B, FedgchinMaggie, AlphsLarry, LaneRosanne, LimPilar, PinterChristine, HoughDavid, SanacoraGerard, ManjiHusseini, DrevetsWayne C

Rapid symptom reduction
Dissociation
Dizziness
Nausea

Intranasal esketamine, given in addition to standard-of-care treatment, may result in rapid improvement in depressive symptoms, including some measures of suicidal ideation, among depressed patients at imminent risk for suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

46.

Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents at High Risk for Suicide: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: McCauleyElizabeth, BerkMichele S, AsarnowJoan R, AdrianMolly, CohenJudith, KorslundKathyrn, AvinaClaudia, HughesJennifer, HarnedMelanie, GallopRobert, LinehanMarsha M

Self-harm reduction
Suicide attempt reduction

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was significantly more effective than individual and group supportive therapy (IGST) in reducing suicide attempts, nonsuicidal self-injury, and overall self-harm in highly suicidal adolescents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

47.

Managing suicidality within specialized care: A randomized controlled trial.

Author: RybergWenche, ZahlPer-Henrik, DiepLien My, LandrøNils Inge, FosseRoar

Reduced suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) may be more effective than treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors and mental health distress in a heterogeneous patient population within specialized mental health care services.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

48.

Effects of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Model: A Secondary Analysis of Moderation and Influencing Factors.

Author: RybergWenche, DiepLien My, LandrøNils Inge, FosseRoar

Improved mental health
Reduced suicidal ideation

Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) was more effective than treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing suicidal ideation, especially in patients with poor working alliance, particularly the bond subcomponent. CAMS was also superior in reducing mental health distress for patients who did not use illicit drugs and those without borderline personality traits.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

49.

Qualitative analysis of ward staff experiences during research of a novel suicide-prevention psychological therapy for psychiatric inpatients: Understanding the barriers and facilitators.

Author: AwenatYvonne F, PetersSarah, GoodingPatricia A, PrattDaniel, HuggettCharlotte, HarrisKamelia, ArmitageChristopher J, HaddockGillian

Improved suicide prevention

This qualitative study explores staff experiences and views of a psychological intervention for people with suicidal experiences on psychiatric in-patient wards, highlighting the importance of staff engagement for effective implementation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

50.

Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Reduce Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: BüscherRebekka, TorokMichelle, TerhorstYannik, SanderLasse

Suicidal ideation reduction

A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials (1567 participants) evaluating internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) interventions for suicidal ideation found that iCBT led to significant reductions in suicidal ideation compared to control conditions. These interventions have the potential to reduce suicide mortality due to their high scalability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

51.

Esketamine Nasal Spray for Rapid Reduction of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Who Have Active Suicide Ideation With Intent: Results of a Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Study (ASPIRE II).

Author: IonescuDawn F, FuDong-Jing, QiuXin, LaneRosanne, LimPilar, KasperSiegfried, HoughDavid, DrevetsWayne C, ManjiHusseini, CanusoCarla M

Reduced depressive symptoms
Dissociation
Dizziness

Esketamine nasal spray was associated with rapid and robust reduction of depressive symptoms in severely ill patients with major depressive disorder who have active suicidal ideation with intent.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

52.

Group Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy for Suicidality vs Individual Supportive Therapy for the prevention of repeat suicide attempts: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: ChaïbLaurent S, Lopez-CastromanJorge, AbbarMocrane

Suicide prevention

Suicide is a serious problem. We need effective treatments to prevent people from trying to take their lives again after being hospitalized. While some evidence suggests cognitive behavioral therapy might help, research on treatments to prevent repeat suicide attempts is limited. This study will compare group cognitive behavioral therapy for suicidal thoughts (GPACTS) to individual support therapy (IST) to see which is more effective at preventing suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

53.

Treatment compliance and risk and protective factors for suicide ideation to completed suicide in adolescents: a systematic review.

Author: RufinoNatalia C, FidalgoThiago M, Dos SantosJuliana P, TardelliVítor S, LimaMarcelo G, FrickLuana P, MirkovicBojan, da SilveiraDartiu X, CohenDavid

Treatment for adolescent suicide risk

This review examines the literature on adolescent suicide risk, exploring the association between treatment compliance and risk/protective factors for suicidal behavior (SB), as well as the association between treatment compliance and reattempts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

54.

Aftercare and Suicide Reattempt Prevention in Tehran, Iran.

Author: MalakoutiSeyed Kazem, NojomiMarzieh, GhanbariBehrooz, RasouliNafee, KhaleghparastShiva, FarahaniIda Ghaemmagham

Reduced suicide reattempts

This randomized clinical trial investigates the effect of a brief educational intervention and contact program on suicide reattempts, finding that this intervention is effective in reducing the rate of reattempt.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

55.

Trajectories of change in depression symptoms and suicidal ideation over the course of evidence-based treatment for depression: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy plus fluoxetine in young people.

Author: WittKatrina, MadsenTrine, BerkMichael, DeanOlivia, ChanenAndrew, McGorryPatrick D, CottonSue, DaveyChristopher G, HetrickSarah

Suicide prevention

Treating depression is crucial for suicide prevention, but only a third of young people with suicidal thoughts respond to current treatments. This study will look at how suicidal thoughts change over time in young people receiving standard treatment for depression, hoping to identify better and more targeted approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

56.

Communication-based suicide prevention after the first attempt. A systematic review.

Author: KatsivardaCecilia, AssimakopoulosKonstantinos, JelastopuluEleni

Communication with patients and their families is an effective way to prevent repeat suicide attempts. Interventions focusing on telephone and written communication are particularly effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

57.

Can seizure therapies and noninvasive brain stimulations prevent suicidality? A systematic review.

Author: ChenYiming, MagninCharline, BrunelinJérome, LeauneEdouard, FangYiru, PouletEmmanuel

Seizure therapies for suicidality

This review explores the effects of seizure therapies and noninvasive brain stimulation on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in individuals with mental disorders. While these nonpharmacological treatments have been used, their effectiveness in reducing suicidality remains uncertain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

58.

Psychopharmacological treatment is not associated with reduced suicide ideation and reattempts in an observational follow-up study of suicide attempters.

Author: MichelKonrad, Gysin-MaillartAnja, BreitSigrid, WaltherSebastian, PavlidouAnastasia

Reduced reattempts
Reduced suicidal ideation
Higher depression
Long-term medication not beneficial

Long-term psychotropic medication use was not associated with reduced suicide ideation and reattempts in patients who had attempted suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

59.

Group treatments for individuals at risk for suicide: A PRISMA scoping review (ScR).

Author: SullivanSarah R, MonahanMaureen F, MitchellEmily L, SpearsAngela Page, WalshSamantha, SzeszkoJake R, GromatskyMolly, StanleyBarbara, GoodmanMarianne

Cost efficiency
Diminish social isolation
Increase social support

This PRISMA scoping review explored worldwide research of interventions for suicide prevention delivered within a group setting. Research on group treatments underscores the importance of peer connection in diminishing social isolation and increasing social support. Additional benefits of group treatment include cost efficiency and maximization of staff time. However, the clinical outcomes of group treatments with individuals at risk for suicide are less understood and under researched.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

60.

Review of family-based treatments from 2010 to 2019 for suicidal ideation and behavior.

Author: FreyLaura M, HuntQuintin A, RussonJody M, DiamondGuy

Reduced suicide risk
Stronger relationships

Family-based interventions can be effective in reducing suicide risk, particularly in adolescents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

61.

Pharmacological and somatic treatment effects on suicide in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WilkinsonSamuel T, Trujillo DiazDaniel, RuppZachary W, KidambiAnubhav, RamirezKarina L, FloresJosé M, Avila-QuinteroVictor J, RheeT Greg, OlfsonMark, BlochMichael H

Reduced suicide risk

Lithium and clozapine were consistently shown to reduce the risk of suicide in patients with bipolar disorder and psychotic disorders, respectively.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

62.

Pilot study of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality-Group.

Author: GutierrezPeter M, JohnsonLora, PodlogarMatthew C, HagmanStacy, MuehlerTanner A, HansonJetta, PiersonJonathan T, BrownAustin A, O'ConnorStephen

Improved group cohesion
Improved treatment satisfaction
Reduced symptom distress

Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicide-Group (CAMS-G) therapy showed good satisfaction, reduced symptom distress, and potential faster improvement in suicidal ideation and behavior compared to care as usual.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

63.

Lithium Treatment in the Prevention of Repeat Suicide-Related Outcomes in Veterans With Major Depression or Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: KatzIra R, RogersMalcolm P, LewRobert, ThwinSoe Soe, DorosGheorghe, AhearnEileen, OstacherMichael J, DeLisiLynn E, SmithEric G, RingerRobert J, FergusonRyan, HoffmanBrian, KaufmanJames S, PaikJulie M, ConradChester H, HolmbergErika F, BoneyTamara Y, HuangGrant D, LiangMatthew H,

Suicide attempts

Lithium augmentation of usual care did not reduce the incidence of suicide-related events in veterans with major depression or bipolar disorders who experienced a recent suicide event.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

64.

Addressing co-occurring suicidal thoughts and behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder in evidence-based psychotherapies for adults: A systematic review.

Author: RozekDavid C, BakerShelby N, RugoKelsi F, SteigerwaldVictoria L, SippelLauren M, HollidayRyan, RobergeErika M, HeldPhilip, MotaNatalie, SmithNoelle B

Treatment for PTSD and suicidal thoughts and behaviors

This systematic review examined the effectiveness of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide, finding that PTSD-focused treatments reduced both PTSD and suicide-related outcomes, with cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure showing the most promise. Suicide-focused treatments also reduced suicide-related outcomes but had mixed results for PTSD-related outcomes. Future research should compare these treatment approaches directly and inform guidelines for selecting appropriate treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

65.

Association Between Folic Acid Prescription Fills and Suicide Attempts and Intentional Self-harm Among Privately Insured US Adults.

Author: GibbonsRobert D, HurKwan, LavigneJill E, MannJ John

Reduced suicide attempts

This large-scale pharmacoepidemiologic study of folic acid found a beneficial association in terms of lower rates of suicide attempts.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

66.

Qualitative research in suicidology: a systematic review of the literature of low-and middle-income countries.

Author: KabirHumayun, WaylandSarah, MapleMyfanwy

Early identification
Treatment and support

Suicide is more prevalent among disadvantaged, discriminated, and marginalized people, with the majority of global suicide deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to address the lack of accurate information on the personal experiences of suicide in LMICs, which is often limited by legal restrictions.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

67.

The Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Ideation or Behaviors on Depression, Anxiety, and Hopelessness in Individuals With Suicidal Ideation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.

Author: SanderLasse B, BeisemannMarie, DoeblerPhilipp, MicklitzHannah Moon, KerkhofAd, CuijpersPim, BatterhamPhilip, CalearAlison, ChristensenHelen, De JaegereEva, DomhardtMatthias, ErlangsenAnnette, Eylem-van BergeijkOzlem, HillRyan, MühlmannCharlotte, ÖsterleMarie, PettitJeremy, PortzkyGwendolyn, SteublLena, van SpijkerBregje, TigheJoseph, Werner-SeidlerAliza, BüscherRebekka

Reduced suicidal ideation

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is effective in reducing suicidal ideation, but its impact on related symptoms like depression, anxiety, and hopelessness remains unclear.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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