Side Effects of sunitinib: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies
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This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Side Effects of sunitinib: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies", please consult your doctor.
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Major research findings
Pimitespib is the first heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor approved in Japan, indicated for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that have progressed after treatment with imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. 13 . Pimitespib showed efficacy and safety in GIST, delaying disease progression. 13 . Sunitinib is a fundamental drug in the therapy of metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. 5 . The survival of patients treated with sunitinib was associated with side effects, including hypothyroidism, hand-foot syndrome, grade ≥2 neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. 5 . Sunitinib has been proven effective in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 11 . Sunitinib interferes with multiple intracellular tumorigenic pathways and exhibits antitumor activity. 11 . In treating renal cell carcinoma with sunitinib, patient education and early management of side effects are crucial. 11 . Sunitinib can cause side effects on the scrotal skin. . Sunitinib can cause recurrent submandibular fistula in patients with renal cell carcinoma. 16 . In the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), side effects of sunitinib, such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, hand-foot syndrome, and neutropenia, are being explored as potential biomarkers of efficacy. 4 . Sunitinib can cause buccodental side effects in patients with metastatic RCC. 6 . Sunitinib can suppress symptoms of allergic rhinitis. . Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have become an effective strategy for cancer patients, but hepatotoxicity is a major safety concern. 18 . Sorafenib and sunitinib have proven effective in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). 3 . Sunitinib can cause adrenal crisis in patients with pre-existing immunotherapy-related hypopituitarism and hypoadrenalism. 23 . COX-2 inhibition may prevent renal toxicity but not hypertension during sunitinib treatment. 14 . Sunitinib can cause hypertension by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. 9 . Sunitinib can cause cutaneous side effects. 7 . Imatinib and sunitinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and each has different side effect profiles. 1 . Pazopanib is a potent multi-kinase inhibitor that hinders angiogenesis and blocks tumor growth. 20 . Pazopanib can cause oral side effects, such as bleeding, in patients with mRCC. 20 . Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. 15 . In treating metastatic or unresectable GIST, systemic therapy is essential. 15 . Sunitinib can have collateral effects on proteins beyond its target receptors, leading to undesirable side effects. 8 . Sorafenib and sunitinib can cause specific cutaneous side effects. . Non-selective RET multi-kinase inhibitors have improved survival outcomes for cancer patients, but psychiatric disorders are a concerning side effect. 17 . Sunitinib can cause uncommon side effects such as pancytopenia, tumor lysis syndrome, cardiac disorders, thromboembolic incidents, intestinal perforation, pancreatitis, and acute renal failure. 2 . The side effects of sorafenib and sunitinib are a new concern for dermatologists and oncologists. . Sunitinib, a new VEGF receptor inhibitor, has demonstrated high activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but it also has unique side effects that require monitoring and management. 12 . Sunitinib and sorafenib can affect bone metabolism. 19 . Sorafenib and sunitinib can cause specific cutaneous side effects. 10 . Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat renal cell cancer, and it is an anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) inhibitor, enhancing the tumor-targeted immune response of T lymphocytes, resulting in immune-mediated adverse events. 21 . Nivolumab can cause immune-related side effects, including hepatitis, renal insufficiency, myositis, vitiligo, and hypothyroidism. 21 . Angiogenesis inhibitors, particularly those targeting the VEGF pathway, have improved prognosis and survival for many cancer patients since their approval in 2005 in France. 22 . Angiogenesis inhibition can lead to cardiovascular and/or kidney toxicity, requiring careful monitoring during treatment. 22 . Sorafenib and sunitinib can cause specific cutaneous side effects. .
Reasons for side effects
Sunitinib inhibits multiple tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, to suppress tumor growth. 4 . This inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth. 20 . However, VEGF receptors are involved in normal tissue growth and maintenance, not just angiogenesis. 20 . Therefore, sunitinib can affect normal tissues in addition to tumor cells, potentially causing various side effects. 20 .
Common side effects
Hypertension
Sunitinib can cause hypertension. 4 . This is due to sunitinib inhibiting VEGF receptors, leading to blood vessel constriction. 4 . Hypertension is one of the most common side effects of sunitinib treatment. 4 .
Hand-foot syndrome
Sunitinib can cause hand-foot syndrome. 4 . This is because sunitinib inhibits VEGF receptors, narrowing blood vessels in the palms and soles, causing poor blood circulation. 4 . Hand-foot syndrome is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 4 .
Hypothyroidism
Sunitinib can cause hypothyroidism. 4 . This is because sunitinib inhibits thyroid hormone production. 4 . Hypothyroidism is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 4 .
Neutropenia
Sunitinib can cause neutropenia. 4 . This is because sunitinib inhibits hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. 4 . Neutropenia is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 4 .
Thrombocytopenia
Sunitinib can cause thrombocytopenia. 4 . This is because sunitinib inhibits hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. 4 . Thrombocytopenia is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 4 .
Fatigue
Sunitinib can cause fatigue. 12 . This is because sunitinib affects various tissues, causing general tiredness. 12 . Fatigue is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 12 .
Diarrhea
Sunitinib can cause diarrhea. 12 . This is because sunitinib affects cells in the digestive system. 12 . Diarrhea is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 12 .
Anorexia
Sunitinib can cause anorexia. 12 . This is because sunitinib affects cells in the digestive system. 12 . Anorexia is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 12 .
Oral changes
Sunitinib can cause oral changes. 12 . This is because sunitinib affects cells in the mouth. 12 . Oral changes are a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 12 .
Skin toxicity
Sunitinib can cause skin toxicity. 12 . This is because sunitinib affects skin cells. 12 . Skin toxicity is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 12 .
Renal toxicity
Sunitinib can cause renal toxicity. 22 . This is because sunitinib affects blood vessels in the kidneys. 22 . Renal toxicity is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 22 .
Hepatotoxicity
Sunitinib can cause hepatotoxicity. 18 . This is because sunitinib affects liver cells. 18 . Hepatotoxicity is a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 18 .
Psychiatric disorders
Sunitinib can cause psychiatric disorders. 17 . This is because sunitinib affects brain cells. 17 . Psychiatric disorders are a common side effect of sunitinib treatment. 17 .
Side effect management
Hypertension
Hypertension caused by sunitinib can usually be managed with antihypertensive medications. 12 .
Hand-foot syndrome
Hand-foot syndrome caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by temporarily stopping the medication. 4 . Applying cold compresses and analgesics can also be effective. 4 .
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism caused by sunitinib can usually be managed with hormone replacement therapy. 12 .
Neutropenia
Neutropenia caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by temporarily stopping the medication. 4 . Administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factors can also be effective. 4 .
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by temporarily stopping the medication. 4 . Platelet transfusions may also be necessary. 4 .
Fatigue
Fatigue caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by resting and eating a nutritious diet. 12 .
Diarrhea
Diarrhea caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by taking antidiarrheal medications. 12 .
Anorexia
Anorexia caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by eating easily digestible meals and taking appetite stimulants. 12 .
Oral changes
Oral changes caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by maintaining good oral hygiene. 12 . Taking analgesics can also be effective. 12 .
Skin toxicity
Skin toxicity caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by applying moisturizers and sunscreen. 12 .
Renal toxicity
Renal toxicity caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by temporarily stopping the medication. 22 . Taking medications to protect kidney function can also be effective. 22 .
Hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by temporarily stopping the medication. 18 . Taking medications to protect liver function can also be effective. 18 .
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric disorders caused by sunitinib can usually be alleviated by taking antidepressants or anxiolytics. 17 .
Comparison between studies
Commonalities among studies
These studies demonstrate that sunitinib is an effective anticancer drug but can also cause side effects. 4 . Side effects vary from patient to patient, but common ones include hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, hypothyroidism, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. 4 .
Differences among studies
These studies differ in their research methods and target diseases related to sunitinib side effects. 4 . For example, one study examined the relationship between survival time and side effects in patients treated with sunitinib, while another study investigated treatment methods for hand-foot syndrome caused by sunitinib. 4 .
Cautions for real-life applications
Sunitinib is an effective anticancer drug, but it can cause side effects. 4 . Therefore, when taking sunitinib, you should carefully consider the risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor. 4 .
Limitations of current research
Research on sunitinib is still limited. 4 . Therefore, many aspects of sunitinib side effects remain unclear. 4 .
Future research directions
Further research is needed to better understand the side effects of sunitinib. 4 . In particular, research is needed on methods to reduce sunitinib side effects and identify patients at high risk of side effects. 4 .
Conclusion
Sunitinib is an effective anticancer drug, but it can cause side effects. 4 . When taking sunitinib, you should carefully consider the risks and benefits of the drug with your doctor. 4 .
Benefit Keywords
Risk Keywords
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