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Original Abstract of the Article

Key research findings

Toe injuries and disorders can occur due to various causes and require different treatments depending on the type and severity of the condition. A study 2 reported a case of keratoacanthoma (KA) developing on the right second toe after a minor trauma in a 56-year-old man. This study highlights the potential for toe injuries to lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma-keratoacanthoma (cSCC-KA).

A study 14 examined the effectiveness of cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR) for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI). CMR may be beneficial for reducing neuropathic pain and improving motor function and daily life function by enhancing body awareness.

A study 15 developed a rat model of foot drop caused by ventral root avulsion injury and analyzed the time-course effects on gait pattern. This study developed a model that can help understand the mechanisms underlying foot drop caused by nerve injury.

A study 21 reported a case of abnormal coagulation and hypofibrinogenemia caused by the envenomation of the Stejneger's Bamboo pitviper. This study suggests that severe coagulation disorders can occur after a bite from this snake, emphasizing the importance of early antivenom administration and coagulation factor replacement.

A study 16 investigated the potential of transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) to predict wound healing time in patients with critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). This study suggests that TcPO2 may be a useful indicator for predicting wound healing in CLTI patients.

A study 3 reviewed the causes and management of acroparesthesias. Acroparesthesias are neurological conditions affecting the extremities, causing symptoms like numbness, tingling, and decreased sensation. This study proposes an algorithm for diagnosing and treating acroparesthesias, emphasizing the importance of identifying the root cause.

A study 4 reported on the selection strategy for pedicled axial flaps to repair skin and soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle after high-voltage electric burns. This study suggests that careful selection of pedicled axial flaps with reliable blood supply is crucial for successful wound repair after high-voltage electric burns.

A study 7 examined the role of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), and botulinum therapy in rehabilitation programs for patients with spastic paresis in the lower limbs after stroke. This study suggests that combining rTMS, ESWT, and botulinum therapy can help improve motor function, reduce spasticity, and prevent complications in stroke patients with lower limb spasticity.

A study 9 analyzed data from the US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to evaluate demographics and commercial products associated with traumatic amputations in the US. This study provides insights into the causes and related products associated with traumatic amputations in the United States.

A study 19 reported on the association between bleomycin-induced lung injury and intravenous iron administration. Bleomycin is an antibiotic used in chemotherapy, and one of its side effects is lung injury. This study suggests that intravenous iron infusions may increase the risk of lung injury from bleomycin.

A study 20 investigated the clinical effectiveness of free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps for repairing skin and soft tissue defects in the hallux (big toe). This study suggests that free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps are a viable and effective option for repairing such defects.

A study 6 reported a case of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) manifesting as secondary chilblains of the toes. This study suggests that chilblains in the toes may be a manifestation of PCMZL.

A study 11 reported a case of a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. This study highlights the specific challenges and considerations in treating patients with FOP, such as avoiding general anesthesia and injections.

A study 12 provided an updated review of peripherally-induced movement disorders (PIMD). PIMD occurs after injury to a body part, causing involuntary or abnormal movements. This study underscores the importance of recognizing PIMD, which is often underdiagnosed, and addresses the diagnostic, therapeutic, and psychosocial-legal challenges associated with it.

A study 13 reported on the diagnosis and treatment of a nonhealing wound in a young girl due to reepithelialized hair tourniquet syndrome using ultrasound. This study demonstrates the potential of ultrasound for identifying and removing the reepithelialized hair, leading to wound healing.

A study 10 reported a case of ischemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN) misdiagnosed as spinal epidural hematoma after lumbar decompression. This study highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of IMN and emphasizes the need for careful evaluation of patients with neurological symptoms after surgery.

A study 18 investigated the effectiveness of leukocyte-platelet fibrin-rich wound reconstruction (L-PRF) followed by full-thickness skin grafting for treating diabetic foot Wagner grade 4 ulcer gangrene in the toe area. This study suggests that L-PRF may promote wound healing and enhance the success of skin grafting in diabetic foot ulcer treatment.

A study 8 reported a case of acrocyanosis and erythema pernio attributed to vincristine therapy. This study highlights the potential for vincristine, a chemotherapy drug, to cause these skin conditions.

A study 17 reported a case of a patient with COVID-19-related toe lesions who experienced resolution of the lesions after treatment with cilostazol. This study suggests that cilostazol may be a potential treatment option for pernio in the context of COVID-19 infection.

Treatment summary

A study 2 described the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma-keratoacanthoma (cSCC-KA) of the toe by toe amputation.

A study 14 found that cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR) can be a useful treatment for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI).

A study 15 did not specifically address treatments for foot drop but developed a model for observing and understanding gait pattern changes in relation to nerve injury.

A study 21 described the treatment of coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenemia caused by a snakebite using antivenom, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate.

A study 16 highlighted the potential of transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) as a predictive tool for wound healing time in patients with critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI).

A study 3 outlined various treatment approaches for acroparesthesias based on the underlying cause, including ultrasound-guided steroid injections and carpal tunnel release for nerve entrapment.

A study 4 reported on the use of pedicled axial flaps for repairing skin and soft tissue defects after high-voltage electric burns in the foot and ankle.

A study 7 examined the use of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), and botulinum therapy in rehabilitation programs for stroke patients with lower limb spasticity.

A study 19 described the use of iron chelation therapy in the treatment of bleomycin-induced lung injury.

A study 20 described the use of free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps for repairing skin and soft tissue defects in the hallux (big toe).

A study 6 reported on the treatment of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) with rituximab.

A study 11 described the use of mechanical thrombectomy for treating acute ischemic stroke in a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP).

A study 13 described the use of ultrasound for diagnosing and treating nonhealing wounds caused by reepithelialized hair tourniquet syndrome.

A study 18 investigated the effectiveness of leukocyte-platelet fibrin-rich wound reconstruction (L-PRF) and full-thickness skin grafting for treating diabetic foot ulcers.

A study 17 described the use of cilostazol for treating COVID-19-related toe lesions.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Various treatment options for toe injuries and disorders have been developed, each offering potential benefits. For example, cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR) may reduce neuropathic pain and improve motor function and daily life function. Free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps have shown promise for repairing skin and soft tissue defects in the hallux (big toe). Additionally, leukocyte-platelet fibrin-rich wound reconstruction (L-PRF) may promote wound healing and enhance the success of skin grafting in diabetic foot ulcer treatment.

Risks Summary

Treatment for toe injuries and disorders comes with inherent risks. For example, toe amputation can lead to decreased motor function, sensory function, and an increased risk of infection. Antivenom administration carries risks like allergic reactions. Mechanical thrombectomy poses risks of bleeding and stroke. It's crucial to carefully consider these risks and discuss treatment options thoroughly with your healthcare provider.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Many studies consistently emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for toe injuries and disorders.

Differences

The specific treatments used and their objectives vary depending on the type and severity of the toe injury or disorder.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Research regarding the effectiveness and safety of different treatment options for toe injuries and disorders is still ongoing and more research is needed. Therefore, inconsistencies and contradictions in the results can be observed.

Real-World Applications and Considerations

Toe injuries can occur in everyday life, making prevention important. Practices like paying attention to your surroundings while walking and using non-slip mats can help. If an injury occurs, prompt medical attention is crucial. Healthcare professionals will evaluate the injury and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Limitations of Current Research

Existing research on toe injury treatment often faces limitations such as small sample sizes, inadequate comparisons between treatment options, and lack of long-term follow-up observations.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to validate the effectiveness and safety of various treatment options for toe injuries and disorders, utilizing larger sample sizes, more comprehensive comparisons, and long-term follow-up data. Development of innovative treatment methods for these conditions is also highly desirable.

Conclusion

Toe injuries and disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, and treatment options vary depending on the specific condition. The research explored various treatment methods for these conditions, emphasizing the presence of both benefits and risks associated with each approach. Future research promises to uncover even more effective and safer treatment strategies.

Preventing toe injuries in daily life is important. Being mindful of your surroundings when walking and utilizing safety measures like non-slip mats can help reduce the risk. If an injury occurs, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. Healthcare providers will work with you to determine the best treatment option and guide your recovery.

Treatment List

Here are some key treatment keywords for toe injuries and disorders from the research:

  • Toe Amputation
  • Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation (CMR)
  • Antivenom Administration
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma
  • Cryoprecipitate Administration
  • Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure (TcPO2) Measurement
  • Ultrasound-Guided Steroid Injections
  • Carpal Tunnel Release
  • Pedicled Axial Flaps
  • Rhythmic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
  • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT)
  • Botulinum Therapy
  • Iron Chelation Therapy
  • Free Superficial Peroneal Artery Perforator Flaps
  • Rituximab Administration
  • Mechanical Thrombectomy
  • Ultrasound Diagnosis
  • Hair Removal
  • Leukocyte-Platelet Fibrin-Rich Wound Reconstruction (L-PRF)
  • Full-Thickness Skin Grafting
  • Cilostazol

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
4
Article Type
1
0
0
2
15

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