Side Effects of tolterodine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Tolterodine is an effective drug for treating overactive bladder. However, it can cause side effects, especially dry mouth. 3 shows that tolterodine has fewer side effects and is better tolerated than conventional oxybutynin. 1 suggests that transdermal administration of tolterodine may reduce side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that works by inhibiting bladder contractions and improving symptoms of overactive bladder. However, this pharmacological action can also affect other organs where muscarinic receptors are present, such as salivary glands and the digestive tract, potentially leading to side effects. 20 shows that tolterodine has a weaker effect on salivary secretion than oxybutynin. This is thought to be because tolterodine binds less strongly to muscarinic receptors in the salivary glands than oxybutynin.

Common Side Effects

Dry Mouth

The most common side effect of anticholinergic drugs, including tolterodine, is dry mouth. 3 shows that tolterodine has a lower incidence of dry mouth than oxybutynin. 2 shows that tolterodine has a lower incidence of dry mouth than conventional oxybutynin and is well tolerated. 4 states that anticholinergic drugs can cause side effects such as dry mouth and constipation.

Constipation

4 states that anticholinergic drugs can cause side effects such as dry mouth and constipation.

Visual Disturbances

12 shows that tolterodine and oxybutynin can affect visual accommodation, pupillary diameter, intraocular pressure, and tear secretion.

Cognitive Impairment

15 suggests that tolterodine has less impact on cognitive function than oxybutynin. However, caution is needed in the elderly, as there is concern about the impact on cognitive function.

Others

Tolterodine can cause side effects such as indigestion, dizziness, fatigue, headache, and visual disturbances. 18 shows that tolterodine has fewer side effects than oxybutynin.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Dry Mouth

Countermeasures for dry mouth include drinking plenty of fluids. Chewing gum or sucking on candy can also be effective.

Constipation

Countermeasures for constipation include eating a diet high in fiber and getting regular exercise. If necessary, consider taking a laxative.

Visual Disturbances

If you experience visual disturbances, consult your doctor.

Cognitive Impairment

In the elderly, there is concern about the impact on cognitive function. Consult your doctor and adjust the dosage or method of administration if necessary.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Many studies have shown that tolterodine is effective in treating overactive bladder. It has also been shown that tolterodine has fewer side effects than conventional oxybutynin.

Differences Between Studies

There are differences in the effectiveness and incidence of side effects of tolterodine among studies. This may be due to various factors, such as the age and gender of the study participants, the severity of overactive bladder, and concomitant medications.

Precautions for Real-Life Application

Tolterodine is an effective drug for treating overactive bladder, but it can cause side effects. Special care is needed for the elderly and those with cognitive impairment. When taking tolterodine, consult your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage and method of administration. Also, be aware of side effects and consult your doctor if necessary.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still insufficient research on the long-term safety and efficacy of tolterodine.

Future Research Directions

Research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of tolterodine. Also, development of new drugs and administration methods to reduce the side effects of tolterodine is expected.

Conclusion

Tolterodine is an effective drug for treating overactive bladder, but it can cause side effects. When taking tolterodine, consult your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage and method of administration. Also, be aware of side effects and consult your doctor if necessary.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
23
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
0
Article Type
1
0
2
9
26
5.

Intravaginal Tolterodine Formulation Intended for Overactive Bladder Treatment-Results of a Pharmacokinetic Phase I Pilot Study in Healthy, Postmenopausal Women.

Author: DonathFrank, HoffmannLarissa, Todorova-SanjariMarina, WedemeyerRalph-Steven, WarnkeAndré, NickischKlaus

Overactive bladder treatment
Reduced side effects
Dry mouth
Headache

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new vaginal ring containing tolterodine, a medication for overactive bladder, compared to oral extended-release tolterodine. The study found that the vaginal ring provided steadier and more consistent levels of tolterodine in the body than oral treatment, leading to fewer side effects. This suggests that the vaginal ring could be a promising new treatment option for overactive bladder, offering a more predictable and comfortable therapeutic experience.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Vaginal estrogen use in postmenopausal women with pelvic floor disorders: systematic review and practice guidelines.

Author: RahnDavid D, WardRenée M, SansesTatiana V, CarberryCassandra, MamikMamta M, MeriwetherKate V, OliveraCedric K, AbedHusam, BalkEthan M, MurphyMiles,

Pelvic floor disorder treatment

Pelvic floor disorders are common in postmenopausal women and may be linked to estrogen deficiency. This review examined the evidence for using vaginal estrogen to treat pelvic floor disorders in postmenopausal women.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

[Treatment of overactive bladder in older women increased doses of antimuscarinic drugs safe and effective alternative to existing methods].

Author: KosilovK V, LoparevS A, KrasnykhM A, KosilovaL V

Drug efficacy
OAB treatment
Side effects

This study found that adding a second antimuscarinic agent to the treatment of older women with overactive bladder (OAB) who were previously resistant to monotherapy with trospium hydrochloride resulted in significant improvement in their condition.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

10.

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults.

Author: StoniuteAkvile, MadhuvrataPriya, StillMadeleine, Barron-MillarEvelyn, NabiGhulam, OmarMuhammad Imran

OAB treatment

Overactive bladder (OAB) affects around 16% of adults, with prevalence increasing with age. Symptoms include urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence. Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used to treat OAB. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2002 and last updated in 2006.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Evaluation of brain anticholinergic activities of urinary spasmolytic drugs using a high-throughput radio receptor bioassay.

Author: JakobsenStine Mjåvatn, KerstenHege, MoldenEspen

Reduced cognitive impairment
Central anticholinergic effects

Tolterodine and fesoterodine have the highest pharmacodynamic potential to induce central anticholinergic side effects. Darifenacin exhibited the lowest anticholinergic activity, suggesting a more favorable pharmacological profile with respect to cognitive impairment in older adults.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Ocular side-effects of tolterodine and oxybutynin, a single-blind prospective randomized trial.

Author: Altan-YayciogluR, YayciogluO, Aydin AkovaY, GuvelS, OzkardesH

Improved accommodation
Reduced pupillary diameter
Reduced tear break-up time
Blurred vision
Dry eye

Tolterodine did not significantly affect visual accommodation, but it did increase pupillary diameter in dim light. Oxybutynin significantly decreased visual accommodation. Both medications were associated with shorter tear film break-up time.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

The efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron, a β3 adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder.

Author: ThiagamoorthyGanesh, KotesStephanie, ZacchèMartino, CardozoLinda

Improved OAB
Side effects

Mirabegron, a β-3 adrenoreceptor agonist, is as effective as antimuscarinics in treating overactive bladder symptoms, with a lower risk of adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Tolterodine causes measurable restoration of urethral sensation in women with urge urinary incontinence.

Author: KentonKimberly, LowensteinLior, BrubakerLinda

Improved bladder sensation

Urethral sensitivity improved after 2 months of tolterodine treatment. This suggests that tolterodine may restore urethral sensory nerves in addition to known motor effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Antimuscarinic drugs: review of the cognitive impact when used to treat overactive bladder in elderly patients.

Author: PagoriaDustin, O'ConnorR Corey, GuralnickMichael L

Overactive bladder treatment
Cognitive impairment

Antimuscarinics are used to treat overactive bladder (OAB), but some can cause cognitive side effects. Oxybutynin can adversely affect cognition in elderly patients, while darifenacin, trospium, solifenacin, and tolterodine appear to be safe for this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Yearly Trends of Overactive Bladder Medication Usage.

Author: ChuaKevin J, PatelHiren V, TabakinAlexandra, SrivastavaArnav, DoppalapudiSai Krishnaraya, HyamsElias, TunuguntlaHari S G R

Overactive bladder treatment
Cognitive side effects

This study examines prescribing patterns of overactive bladder (OAB) medications in the United States over time. It highlights the shift towards less brain-penetrant anticholinergics and the emergence of mirabegron, a beta-3 adrenoreceptor agonist, as a safer alternative.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Survey assessment of continuation of and satisfaction with pharmacological treatment for urinary incontinence.

Author: CampbellUlka B, StangPaul, BarronRich

Treatment discontinuation
Treatment dissatisfaction

Almost half of patients who received drug treatment for urinary incontinence had discontinued primarily because of lack of efficacy, side effects, and cost concerns.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Should we switch over to tolterodine in every child with non-neurogenic daytime urinary incontinence in whom oxybutynin failed?

Author: YucelSelcuk, AkkayaErdem, GuntekinErol, KukulErdal, DanismanAhmet, AkmanSema, BaykaraMehmet

Improve incontinence
Anticholinergic side effects

Tolterodine may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in children with non-neurogenic daytime urinary incontinence, especially in patients who are noncompliant to oxybutynin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Urgency in overactive bladder: translating experimental data into clinical practice.

Author: WyndaeleJean-Jacques, De WachterStefan

OAB treatment
Side effects

This article discusses urgency, a key symptom of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, and the current pharmacological treatment options. Antimuscarinic agents have shown superiority to placebo in managing urgency and OAB syndrome, but larger randomized controlled trials are needed to further establish their role.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Comparative evaluation of exocrine muscarinic receptor binding characteristics and inhibition of salivation of solifenacin in mice.

Author: OkiTomomi, TakeuchiChihiro, YamadaShizuo

Overactive bladder treatment
Dry mouth

Solifenacin, a novel bladder-selective anticholinergic agent, was compared to oxybutynin in suppressing cholinergic salivation in mice. Solifenacin showed a weaker inhibitory effect and faster dissociation from muscarinic receptors, suggesting a potentially lower risk of dry mouth.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Comprehensive overview of the available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder in children.

Author: RamsaySophie, LapointeÉlisabeth, BolducStéphane

Improve quality of life

This review discusses the management of overactive bladder (OAB) in children. Conservative measures should be the primary treatment approach. When conservative management fails, pharmacological options should be considered.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Treatments for overactive bladder: focus on pharmacotherapy.

Author: GeoffrionRoxana,

Improved bladder function
Anticholinergic side effects

Anticholinergic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder syndrome, but the evidence for their efficacy is mostly derived from short-term studies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.

Language : English

25.

Effect of pharmacological treatment for urinary incontinence in the elderly and frail elderly: A systematic review.

Author: SamuelssonEva, OdebergJenny, StenzeliusKarin, MolanderUlla, HammarströmMargareta, FranzenKarin, AnderssonGunnel, MidlövPatrik

Urinary incontinence prevalence and severity increase with age and comorbidity. This systematic review examines the efficacy of pharmacological treatment for urinary incontinence in elderly and frail elderly populations, questioning the benefits of pharmacotherapy in this demographic.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

26.

Oxybutynin and tolterodine in a trial for treatment of overactive bladder in Iranian women.

Author: AziminekooElham, GhanbariZinat, HashemiShahrzad, NematiMaryam, HaghollahiFedyeh, ShokuhiNasim

Improved urge incontinence
Improved urgency
Dry mouth

Oxybutinin was found to be more effective than tolterodine in improving urgency and urge incontinence in Iranian women with overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor overactivity (DOA). However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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