Side Effects of tranexamic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Tranexamic acid is a medication used to reduce blood loss after surgery. Research by 7 、 20 、 2 has shown that tranexamic acid is effective in reducing postoperative blood loss. Research by 10 shows that tranexamic acid is effective in reducing swelling and bruising after nasal surgery. On the other hand, a paper by 3 reported a case where a patient developed convulsions after accidental administration of tranexamic acid to the spinal cord. Additionally, a paper by 11 expresses concern about the safety of topical tranexamic acid administration during spinal endoscopic surgery. Tranexamic acid has neurotoxic properties and can cause seizures, and these side effects may occur due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. This paper concludes that the potential risks of neurotoxicity and seizures from topical tranexamic acid administration outweigh the benefits of reduced blood loss in spinal endoscopic surgery. Furthermore, research by 16 found no evidence that tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bruising after nasal surgery.

Reasons for Side Effects

Tranexamic acid is a drug that promotes blood clotting. Therefore, taking tranexamic acid may increase the risk of side effects such as thrombosis and stroke. 3 reports a case where a patient developed convulsions after accidental administration of tranexamic acid to the spinal cord. This suggests that tranexamic acid may have neurotoxic properties and that convulsions may occur due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.

Common Side Effects

Thrombosis

Tranexamic acid promotes blood clotting and may increase the risk of thrombosis. .

Stroke

Tranexamic acid promotes blood clotting and may increase the risk of stroke. .

Convulsions

Tranexamic acid has neurotoxic properties and can cause seizures due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. 3 .

Vision Impairment

Tranexamic acid may cause vision impairment. 16 .

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Thrombosis

To reduce the risk of thrombosis, you need to see your doctor regularly and check for signs of thrombosis. .

Stroke

To reduce the risk of stroke, you need to see your doctor regularly and check for signs of stroke. .

Convulsions

If you experience convulsions, seek immediate medical attention. 3 .

Vision Impairment

If you experience vision impairment, seek immediate medical attention. 16 .

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

These studies suggest that tranexamic acid is effective in reducing blood loss after surgery. 7 、 20 、 2 . These studies also suggest that tranexamic acid is effective in reducing swelling and bruising after surgery. 10 .

Differences Among Studies

These studies show different results regarding the safety of tranexamic acid. 3 reports a case where a patient developed convulsions after accidental administration of tranexamic acid to the spinal cord. 11 expresses concern about the safety of topical tranexamic acid administration during spinal endoscopic surgery. Tranexamic acid has neurotoxic properties and can cause seizures, and these side effects may occur due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. 16 found no evidence that tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bruising after nasal surgery. The results of these studies suggest that the safety of tranexamic acid may vary depending on the method of administration and the patient's condition.

Cautions Regarding Application to Real Life

Tranexamic acid is a drug used to reduce blood loss after surgery. When taking tranexamic acid, you need to understand the risks of side effects such as thrombosis and stroke. . Additionally, tranexamic acid can cause neurotoxicity and seizures. 3 、 11 . Therefore, when taking tranexamic acid, it is important to consult a doctor to determine if you need to take it.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of tranexamic acid is still insufficient. These studies vary in terms of dosage, method of administration, and patient condition. Therefore, the results of these studies cannot be generalized directly. More research on the side effects of tranexamic acid is needed. .

Future Research Directions

More research on the side effects of tranexamic acid is needed. In particular, research is needed to investigate how dosage, method of administration, and patient condition affect side effects. .

Conclusion

Tranexamic acid is an effective drug for reducing blood loss after surgery, but there is a risk of side effects such as thrombosis and stroke. . Additionally, tranexamic acid can cause neurotoxicity and seizures. 3 、 11 . When taking tranexamic acid, it is important to consult a doctor to determine if you need to take it. 7 、 20 、 2 、 10 、 3 、 11 、 16 .

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
3
Article Type
3
3
3
4
22
1.

Tranexamic acid in control of haemorrhage after dental extraction in haemophilia and Christmas disease.

Author: ForbesC D, BarrR D, ReidG, ThomsonC, PrenticeC R, McNicolG P, DouglasA S

Reduced blood loss
Reduced transfusion requirements

Tranexamic acid significantly reduced blood loss and transfusion requirements after dental extraction in patients with haemophilia, with no side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Survey of Anesthesiologists on Topical Vasoconstrictors and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Author: FengMax, LaoVeronica F, ChobyGarret, BoltonPatrick B, MarinoMichael J, WeingartenToby N, HumphreysIan M, DhillonSabrina K, ChoiByeong Y, FernandezRoman A, MehterNajma S, ChenPhilip G

Improved surgical field
Reduced bleeding

This study investigated practice patterns, awareness of clinical evidence, and comfort levels among anesthesia providers regarding the use of hemostatic agents for endoscopic sinus surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Evaluating the Effect of Tranexamic Acid Local Injection on the Intraoperative Bleeding Amount and the Postoperative Edema and Ecchymosis in Primary Rhinoplasty Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: VaghardoostReza, Ahmadi DahajAidin, Haji MohammadMona, GhadimiTayyeb, ForghaniSiamak Farokh, Naderi GharahgheshlaghSoheila

Reduced bleeding
Reduced ecchymosis
Reduced edema

Local injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) during rhinoplasty surgery effectively reduced intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ecchymosis and edema without any side effects or complications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in paediatric cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: AtaseverAyse Gulsah, EerensMathias, Van den EyndeRaf, FaraoniDavid, RexSteffen

Reduced blood loss
Reduced re-exploration
Reduced transfusion
Increased RRT

Aprotinin is effective in reducing blood loss, transfusion requirements, and the incidence of re-exploration for bleeding in pediatric cardiac surgery. However, it is associated with an increased risk of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Further large randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings and address the potential risks.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Severe Epistaxis Secondary to Dabrafenib and Trametinib Toxicity in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma With Small Bowel Metastasis.

Author: GullapalliKeerthi, MosalemOsama, VargheseMerryl T, WatatKevin, HrinczenkoBorys

BRAF-positive lung cancer
NSCLC treatment
Hemorrhage

Dabrafenib and trametinib, a combination therapy for BRAF-mutant NSCLC, can lead to severe and life-threatening bleeding. This case report highlights the importance of awareness of this side effect.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

15.

Intradermal application of tranexamic acid (TA) as treatment of melasma in the out-patients department of a public sector hospital: A pilot study.

Author: MehmoodMuzna, AliMuhammad, SaleemMuhammad Amer, AsgharSikandar, HussainMuhammad Tanveer, MehmoodAsim

Few side effects
Melasma treatment

Intradermal injections of tranexamic acid (TA) were found to be a safe and effective treatment for melasma, resulting in significant improvement in skin pigmentation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

The Emergency Medicine Pharmacotherapy Literature of 2021.

Author: BrownCaitlin S, SarangarmPreeyaporn, FaineBrett, RechMegan A, FlackTara, GilbertBrian, HowingtonGavin T, LaubJessica, PorterBlake, SlocumGiles W, ZepeskiAnne, ZimmermanDavid E

Agitation management
Appendicitis treatment
Cannabis hyperemsis treatment
Cardiac arrest
Cardiogenic shock
Sepsis management
Stroke treatment

This article highlights the most impactful pharmacotherapy studies published in emergency medicine journals in 2021. It includes summaries of articles on acute agitation, acute appendicitis, sexually transmitted infections, sepsis, stroke, cardiac arrest, and other topics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Effects of tranexamic acid on the amount of bleeding following vaginal delivery and its adverse effects: a double-blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.

Author: KashanianMaryam, DadkhahFarideh, TabatabaeiNasim, SheikhansariNarges

Decreased uterotonic need
Reduced bleeding
No serious complications

Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduced the amount of bleeding after vaginal delivery in low-risk women without serious complications and decreased the need for additional uterotonic agents.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Tranexamic Acid for Spinal Surgery.

Author: GuoTai, XuanWenxia, FengHaoyu, WangJunjie, MaXun

Blood loss reduction

This study focuses on the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in spinal surgery to reduce blood loss. While intravenous TXA (ivTXA) is known to be effective, the study suggests that topical TXA (tTXA) may be a more advantageous approach due to its ease of administration and higher concentration at the bleeding site.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

22.

The Low-Fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Melasma: A Systematic Review.

Author: LeeYeon Seok, LeeYu Jin, LeeJung Min, HanTae Young, LeeJune Hyunkyung, ChoiJae Eun

Melasma treatment
Hyperpigmentation
Hypopigmentation

Low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (LFQSNY) is a treatment for melasma that is increasingly popular in Asia. This review analyzed 42 studies published between 2009 and 2022 on the efficacy and safety of LFQSNY for melasma. LFQSNY appeared to be an effective and safe treatment, but mottled hypopigmentation was an occasional side effect. LFQSNY used aggressively can lead to hyperpigmentation. While recurrence rates were low at 3 months, long-term follow-up data is lacking. Combination therapy with topical bleaching agents, oral tranexamic acid, chemical peeling, or other energy-based devices can reduce side effects and possibly improve efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

Interventions for heavy menstrual bleeding; overview of Cochrane reviews and network meta-analysis.

Author: Bofill RodriguezMagdalena, DiasSofia, JordanVanessa, LethabyAnne, LensenSarah F, WiseMichelle R, WilkinsonJack, BrownJulie, FarquharCindy

HMB

This article discusses heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), a common condition affecting women of reproductive age. Diverse treatment options, both medical and surgical, are available, with varying effectiveness, acceptability, costs, and side effects. The most appropriate treatment depends on individual factors like age, pregnancy intentions, and personal preferences.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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