Effects of acetylcysteine oral inhalation: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

The research findings suggest that acetylcysteine oral inhalation may have various beneficial effects on respiratory health. For example, 28 reported that intravenous acetylcysteine is effective in preventing liver damage caused by paracetamol poisoning. 25 showed that oral acetylcysteine can reverse cough suppression related to hyperoxia. Additionally, 23 indicated that inhaling acetylcysteine might help cystic fibrosis patients by facilitating mucus removal and improving lung function. However, 21 reported a case where acetylcysteine inhalation caused severe dyspnea in a patient with bronchoalveolar carcinoma, emphasizing the need for further research on its safety.

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Acetylcysteine oral inhalation may offer various benefits for respiratory health, including preventing liver damage caused by paracetamol poisoning, reversing cough suppression related to hyperoxia, facilitating mucus removal in cystic fibrosis patients, and potentially improving lung function.

Risk summary

While acetylcysteine oral inhalation shows promise for treating respiratory conditions, there is a potential risk of severe dyspnea in patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Further research is required to thoroughly evaluate its safety.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies suggest that acetylcysteine oral inhalation can be beneficial in treating respiratory diseases. A common finding is that acetylcysteine can promote mucus removal.

Differences

The effectiveness of acetylcysteine oral inhalation may vary depending on the condition and administration method. For example, 28 highlighted the effectiveness of intravenous administration, while 25 supported the effectiveness of oral administration. Furthermore, 21 reported potential adverse effects in lung cancer patients, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation and consideration in different patient groups.

Consistency and inconsistencies of the findings

The studies demonstrate potential benefits of acetylcysteine oral inhalation for various respiratory conditions. However, a case report suggests the possibility of severe dyspnea in patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma, highlighting the need for further research to clarify its safety in different populations.

Implications for daily life

The use of acetylcysteine oral inhalation should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Patients with lung cancer might need to exercise caution when considering acetylcysteine inhalation, and consultation with a doctor is crucial. Furthermore, individuals taking other medications should consult their doctor before using acetylcysteine, as interactions with other medications may occur.

Limitations of the current research

Further research is essential to thoroughly evaluate the safety and effectiveness of acetylcysteine oral inhalation. More data is needed on its impact on patients with lung cancer and individuals taking other medications.

Directions for future research

Future research should focus on further evaluating the safety and effectiveness of acetylcysteine oral inhalation across different diseases and administration methods. Additionally, in-depth research is needed on acetylcysteine's pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and potential interactions with other medications.

Conclusion

Acetylcysteine oral inhalation shows potential benefits for various respiratory conditions. However, a case report highlights a potential risk of severe dyspnea in patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma, demanding further research to establish its safety. Using acetylcysteine oral inhalation requires careful consideration and should always be under the supervision of a doctor.

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
25
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
4
Article Type
8
2
2
8
29
1.

Single-blind study of the effects of intravenous dolasetron mesylate versus ondansetron on electrocardiographic parameters in normal volunteers.

Author: BenedictC R, ArbogastR, MartinL, PattonL, MorrillB, HahneW

Nausea and vomiting treatment
QTc interval prolongation
Ventricular depolarization

This study examined the effects of intravenous dolasetron mesylate on electrocardiogram (ECG) intervals in healthy volunteers. Dolasetron mesylate and ondansetron both prolonged the QTc interval, but dolasetron mesylate primarily affected ventricular depolarization, while ondansetron mainly affected ventricular repolarization.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Prevention of acute emesis in cancer patients following high-dose cisplatin with the combination of oral dolasetron and dexamethasone.

Author: KrisM G, PendergrassK B, NavariR M, GroteT H, NelsonA M, ThomasV, FergusonB B, AllmanD S, PizzoB A, BakerT W, FernandoI J, ChernoffS B

Prevents acute emesis

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combination of oral dolasetron and dexamethasone in preventing acute emesis in cancer patients receiving cisplatin.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Evaluation the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine inhalation spray in controlling the symptoms of patients with COVID-19: An open-label randomized controlled clinical trial.

Author: PanahiYunes, GhaneiMostafa, RahimiMorteza, SamimAbbas, Vahedian-AzimiAmir, AtkinStephen L, SahebkarAmirhossein

COVID-19 treatment
Inflammation reduction
Mortality reduction
Respiratory failure prevention

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhalation spray was found to reduce mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 and inflammatory parameters, leading to a reduction in the development of severe respiratory failure. However, it did not affect the length of hospital stay or the need for ICU admission.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine inhalation therapy on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer who are receiving radiation therapy: a prospective non-randomized controlled multi-center study.

Author: WonHo-Ryun, LeeGeon Ho, KimJin Hwan, LeeSang Hyuk, KwonSoon Young, BaekSeung-Kuk, RyuChang Hwan, LeeSang Joon, ParkIl-Seok, ShinSung-Chan, LeeDong Wook, ChungPhil-Sang, KooBon Seok

Quality of life improvement

This study found that N-acetylcysteine inhalation improves the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancers who are receiving radiation therapy, without any specific side effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

5.

Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine against Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis In Vitro and In Vivo.

Author: KimHaeng Jun, KangSung Un, LeeYun Sang, JangJeon Yeob, KangHami, KimChul-Ho

Alleviate mucositis

Radiation-induced oral mucositis is a common side effect of radiation therapy. The authors suggest that inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may suppress autophagy, potentially alleviating radiation-induced oral mucositis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

The Use of Inhaled N-Acetylcysteine for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: JoYong Seok, ChoiIck Soo, SoYoon Kyoung

Treatment of LPRD

This study investigated the potential additive effects of inhaled N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in conjunction with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis.

Author: CiofuOana, SmithSherie, LykkesfeldtJens

Mucolytic effect
Oxidant-antioxidant balance

This updated review explores the potential benefits of antioxidant micronutrients and N-acetylcysteine in managing oxidative stress associated with lung damage in cystic fibrosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Employment of an algorithm of care including chest physiotherapy results in reduced hospitalizations and stability of lung function in bronchiectasis.

Author: PownerJordan, NesmithAndrew, KirkpatrickDenay P, NicholsJessica K, BerminghamBrent, SolomonGeorge M

Improved lung function
Reduced exacerbations

This study investigated the long-term effects of a treatment algorithm that included high frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) for bronchiectasis. The aim was to assess the impact of this algorithm on lung function, antibiotic use, and exacerbation rates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

10.

Impact of smoking status and concomitant medications on the effect of high-dose N-acetylcysteine on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: A post-hoc analysis of the PANTHEON study.

Author: PapiAlberto, ZhengJinping, CrinerGerard J, FabbriLeonardo M, CalverleyPeter M A

Reduced exacerbations

The PANTHEON study, one of the largest to evaluate N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in COPD, investigated its effectiveness in reducing exacerbations. The study found that NAC 600 mg twice daily was well-tolerated and reduced the risk of moderate to severe COPD exacerbations, regardless of smoking status or concomitant medications.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Effects of urban coarse particles inhalation on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the mouse lung and colon.

Author: VignalCécile, PichavantMuriel, AllemanLaurent Y, DjouinaMadjid, DingrevilleFlorian, PerdrixEsperanza, WaxinChristophe, Ouali AlamiAdil, Gower-RousseauCorinne, DesreumauxPierre, Body-MalapelMathilde

Air pollution effects

Air pollution is a recognized aggravating factor for pulmonary diseases. This study aimed to characterize urban coarse particulate matter (PM) for elemental content, gastric bioaccessibility, and oxidative potential. The study also determined the short-term effects of urban coarse PM inhalation on pulmonary and colonic mucosae in mice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

The effect of N-acetylcysteine on biofilms: Implications for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Author: BlasiFrancesco, PageClive, RossoliniGian Maria, PallecchiLucia, MateraMaria Gabriella, RoglianiPaola, CazzolaMario

Respiratory infection treatment

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a non-antibiotic treatment that may be effective in treating biofilm-related respiratory infections. NAC has been shown to reduce biofilm formation and increase the effectiveness of antibiotics. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of NAC treatment for these infections.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on oxidative stress status and alveolar inflammation in people exposed to asbestos: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

Author: AlfonsoHelman, FranklinPeter, ChingSimon, CroftKevin, BurchamPhil, OlsenNola, ReidAlison, JoyceDavid, de KlerkNick, MuskAw Bill

Asbestos exposure prevention

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be able to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in people who have been exposed to asbestos.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effectiveness of combined therapy with pirfenidone and inhaled N-acetylcysteine for advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case-control study.

Author: SakamotoSusumu, MuramatsuYoko, SatohKeita, IshidaFumiaki, KikuchiNaoshi, SanoGo, SuginoKeishi, IsobeKazutoshi, TakaiYujiro, HommaSakae

IPF treatment
Survival improvement

This study assessed the effects of combination therapy with inhaled NAC and pirfenidone in patients with advanced IPF.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

The role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of acute and chronic pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard: a literature review.

Author: ShohratiMajid, KarimzadehIman, SaburiAmin, KhaliliHossein, GhaneiMostafa

Pulmonary complications
Sulfur mustard exposure

This article highlights the urgent need for validated antidotes, chemoprophylaxis, and curative modalities for pulmonary toxicities caused by sulfur mustard exposure, a widely used chemical weapon.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and N-acetylcysteine ameliorate acetaminophen-induced liver injury in a rat model.

Author: TaslipinarM Y, AydinI, KaldirimU, AydinF N, AgilliM, EyiY E, TuncerS K, AltayliE, UcarF, MacitE, ToygarM, YigitN, CayciT

Liver injury reduction

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT) combined with NAC effectively reduced acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury and inflammation in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Nebulized and oral thiol derivatives for pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis.

Author: TamJulian, NashEdward F, RatjenFelix, TullisElizabeth, StephensonAnne

Cystic fibrosis treatment
Improved lung function

This study discussed the potential benefits of thiol derivatives for cystic fibrosis patients, considering their ability to reduce sputum viscosity and improve lung function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

The relationship between N-acetylcysteine, hyperbaric oxygen, and inflammation in a rat model of acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity.

Author: CermikHakan, TaslipinarMine Yavuz, AydinIbrahim, AgilliMehmet, AydinFevzi Nuri, UcarFatma, AlpBilal Firat, ToygarMehmet, OzkanEsin, AltayliErtan, CayciTuncer

Acetaminophen toxicity treatment

This study investigates the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) alone and in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity. The findings suggest that both HBO and NAC, particularly in combination, can reduce renal damage and inflammation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

'Flooding' of the lungs and severe dyspnea in a patient with bronchoalveolar carcinoma.

Author: KeizerRon J, BeijnenJos H, BaasPaul

Bronchorrhea
Dyspnea

This case report describes a patient with bronchoalveolar carcinoma who experienced severe bronchorrhea and dyspnea after inhaling N-acetylcysteine. The patient's hyperhomocysteinemia may have contributed to the adverse reaction.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Nebulized and oral thiol derivatives for pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis.

Author: NashEdward F, StephensonAnne, RatjenFelix, TullisElizabeth

Decreases sputum viscosity
Improves lung function

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder causing thick, sticky respiratory secretions, leading to recurrent infections and inflammation. Muco-active therapies like dornase alfa and nebulized hypertonic saline can improve lung function by reducing sputum viscosity and increasing airway clearance. Thiol derivatives have shown promise in other respiratory diseases, but their role in cystic fibrosis is unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Fluticasone and N-acetylcysteine in primary care patients with COPD or chronic bronchitis.

Author: SchermerTjard, ChavannesNiels, DekhuijzenRichard, WoutersEmiel, MurisJean, AkkermansReinier, van SchayckOnno, van WeelChris

COPD exacerbation
No benefit

Neither high-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate nor oral N-acetylcysteine showed any benefit in treating COPD or chronic bronchitis in a 3-year placebo-controlled trial.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Oral N-acetylcysteine reverses hyperoxia-related cough suppression in guinea pigs.

Author: BrozmanovaM, PlevkovaJ, BartosV, PlankL, JavorkaM, MasarJ, TatarM

Cough reflex restoration

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was effective in attenuating hyperoxia-induced down-regulation of cough reflex in guinea pigs. NAC reversed the suppression of cough caused by hyperoxic exposure, indicating potential for treating hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

New evidence of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based study.

Author: AlmirallJ, BolíbarI, Serra-PratM, RoigJ, HospitalI, CarandellE, AgustíM, AyusoP, EstelaA, TorresA,

Community-acquired pneumonia prevention
Pneumonia risk

Modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) include cigarette smoking, contact with children, sudden temperature changes at work, and regular use of inhaled therapies. Vaccination, dental hygiene, and avoiding upper respiratory colonization can help prevent CAP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

A therapeutic approach in the treatment of infections of the upper airways: thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in sequential treatment (systemic-inhalatory route).

Author: SerraA, SchitoG C, NicolettiG, FaddaG

Respiratory infection treatment
TGA efficacy
Adverse events
Trial dropout

This randomized trial compared thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcisteinate (TGA) with other standard antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections. TGA was effective in treating both severe and mild symptoms, with good tolerability and no significant adverse events.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

29.

Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces bleomycin-induced lung damage and mucin Muc5ac expression in rats.

Author: MataM, RuízA, CerdáM, Martinez-LosaM, CortijoJ, SantangeloF, Serrano-MollarA, Llombart-BoschA, MorcilloE J

Reduced lung damage
NAC side effects

Oxidative stress plays a role in pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that antioxidants could be beneficial. This study investigated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on bleomycin-induced lung damage, mucus secretory cells hyperplasia, and mucin Muc5ac gene expression in rats. NAC significantly reduced collagen deposition, fibrotic area, and inflammatory markers in bleomycin-exposed rats. Additionally, it effectively decreased mucus secretory cells hyperplasia and Muc5ac expression. These findings suggest that NAC might offer therapeutic potential in treating pulmonary fibrosis by mitigating oxidative stress and reducing mucus hypersecretion.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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