Side Effects of adefovir: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Adefovir is a commonly used medication for chronic hepatitis B. Many studies have shown that adefovir is an effective treatment and has been shown to have antiviral effects. 28 , 29 . However, several studies have shown that adefovir may affect the kidneys and bones. 27 , 6 , 13 . These side effects are thought to vary depending on factors such as the dose and duration of adefovir administration, the patient's age and constitution, and the condition of their kidneys and bones. 2 , 3 .

Reason for Side Effects

The reason why adefovir affects the kidneys and bones is thought to be that adefovir accumulates in kidney cells when it is excreted by the kidneys, inhibiting cell function. 9 . Also, adefovir has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of phosphorus, which plays an important role in bone formation, and may weaken bone strength. 6 .

Common Side Effects

Kidney Side Effects

Adefovir administration can lead to a decrease in kidney function, potentially leading to kidney failure. 1 , 13 . Specifically, an increase in serum creatinine levels and an increase in urinary protein have been observed. 5 . Adefovir can also inhibit the metabolism of phosphorus, which plays an important role in bone formation, and may weaken bone strength. 27 . This is thought to be because adefovir accumulates in kidney cells, inhibiting phosphorus reabsorption. 9 . Adefovir may increase the risk of bone diseases such as osteomalacia and osteoporosis. 6 . These side effects are thought to vary depending on factors such as the dose and duration of adefovir administration, the patient's age and constitution, and the condition of their kidneys and bones. 2 , 3 .

Bone Side Effects

Adefovir can affect bone metabolism and weaken bone strength. 27 , 13 . Specifically, it can lead to decreased bone density and an increased risk of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia. 6 . Adefovir may increase the risk of bone diseases such as osteomalacia and osteoporosis. 6 .

Other Side Effects

Adefovir can cause digestive side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. 4 . General side effects such as headache and fatigue have also been reported. 4 .

Side Effect Countermeasures

Kidney Side Effects

To prevent kidney side effects, it is important to adjust the dose of adefovir and check kidney function regularly. 27 , 6 . If kidney function is decreased, adefovir administration should be discontinued or the dose should be reduced. 5 . It is also important to improve lifestyle habits such as drinking plenty of fluids and reducing salt intake. 13 .

Bone Side Effects

To prevent bone side effects, it is important to get enough calcium and vitamin D and exercise regularly. 27 . If bone density is decreased, you may need to take osteoporosis medication. 6 .

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies have shown that adefovir can affect the kidneys and bones. 27 , 6 , 13 . These side effects are thought to vary depending on factors such as the dose and duration of adefovir administration, the patient's age and constitution, and the condition of their kidneys and bones. 2 , 3 .

Differences Between Studies

The incidence and severity of adefovir side effects vary from study to study. 27 , 6 , 13 . This is thought to be due to differences in the patient population studied and the research methodology. 2 , 3 .

Points to Note Regarding Application in Real Life

Adefovir is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but it can affect the kidneys and bones, so it is important to take it according to the doctor's instructions. 27 , 13 . In particular, caution is required for those who have kidney or bone problems or for the elderly. 6 . Consult your doctor if you are concerned about the side effects of adefovir. 2 , 3 .

Current Research Limitations

Research on the side effects of adefovir is not yet extensive. 27 , 13 . In particular, there is a lack of information on the side effects of long-term use of adefovir. 2 , 3 . Further research is needed to identify the factors that affect the development of adefovir side effects. 9 .

Future Research Directions

Research on the side effects of adefovir needs to be further advanced. 27 , 6 . In particular, research on the side effects of long-term use of adefovir and research to identify the factors that affect the development of adefovir side effects is important. 2 , 3 . Development of new therapies to reduce the side effects of adefovir is also needed. 9 .

Conclusion

Adefovir is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but it has been found that it can affect the kidneys and bones. 27 , 13 . When taking adefovir, it is important to consult your doctor and take it according to their instructions. 2 , 3 . If you are concerned about the side effects of adefovir, consult your doctor. 9 . Research on the side effects of adefovir is not yet extensive. 27 , 13 . Further research on the side effects of adefovir is needed. 2 , 3 .

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
3
0
1
5
29
3.

Cross-sectional retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis B patients with oral antiviral treatment in eastern China.

Author: GuJueqing, YuGuodong, ZhangXiaoli, ZhangShanyan, CaiHuan, YeChanyuan, YangYida, LiDezhou, TongZhaowei, ShenHuajiang, ChenHuazhong, DingFeng, LaiXijie, LiuJunyan, XuMeiling, WuWeiti

Renal complications

This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence of renal dysfunction in a large cohort of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. The study found that the prevalence of renal dysfunction increased with age and was associated with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatic cirrhosis. The study highlights the importance of monitoring renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B, particularly those with comorbidities and older age.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Adverse events of nucleos(t)ide analogues for chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review.

Author: de FragaRaquel Scherer, Van VaisbergVictor, MendesLuiz Cláudio Alfaia, CarrilhoFlair José, OnoSuzane Kioko

Hepatitis B treatment
Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Headache
Nasopharyngitis

Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are widely used to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and are generally safe, with a low incidence of adverse events (AEs). The most common AEs reported in this review were abdominal pain/discomfort, nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infections, fatigue, and headache. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) had the highest density of AEs per patient treated, but more research is needed to confirm its safety profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

Adefovir dipivoxil sensitizes colon cancer cells to vemurafenib by disrupting the KCTD12-CDK1 interaction.

Author: YangJie, XuWen Wen, HongPan, YeFei, HuangXiao-Hui, HuHui-Fang, ZhangQi-Hua, YanXin, LiBin, HeQing-Yu

Colon cancer treatment
Melanoma treatment

Vemurafenib resistance in colon cancer is linked to CDK1 activation. Adefovir dipivoxil, an FDA-approved drug, disrupts CDK1 activation and sensitizes resistant cells to vemurafenib, offering a new therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Switching Lamivudine with Adefovir Dipivoxil Combination Therapy to Entecavir Monotherapy Provides Better Viral Suppression and Kidney Safety.

Author: LianJiang-Shan, ZhangXiao-Lin, LuYing-Feng, ChenJian-Yang, ZhangYi-Min, JiaHong-Yu, ZhangZhe, YangYi-Da

Prevents renal damage
Reduces genetic mutation rate
Suppresses HBV-DNA

This study compared the efficacy and kidney safety of switching from lamivudine (LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combination therapy to entecavir (ETV) monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Switching to ETV monotherapy led to improved viral suppression, reduced genetic mutations, and prevented renal damage caused by the combination therapy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Molecular Mechanisms for Species Differences in Organic Anion Transporter 1, OAT1: Implications for Renal Drug Toxicity.

Author: ZouLing, SteculaAdrian, GuptaAnshul, PrasadBhagwat, ChienHuan-Chieh, YeeSook Wah, WangLi, UnadkatJashvant D, StahlSimone H, FennerKatherine S, GiacominiKathleen M

Improved drug efficacy
Renal toxicity

This study investigated the species differences in renal drug transport of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs). The research identified serine at position 203 (S203) in human OAT1 as a crucial factor for its lower Km value compared to animal models. This finding provides insights into the species-specific renal accumulation of nephrotoxic ANPs and OAT1 transport function in primate evolution.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Recent progress in potential anti-hepatitis B virus agents: Structural and pharmacological perspectives.

Author: SunDejuan, ZhuLingjuan, YaoDahong, ChenLixia, FuLeilei, OuyangLiang

Antiviral effect
Nephrotoxicity
Resistant mutants

This review discusses the current anti-HBV drugs and potential novel HBV inhibitors. Despite the availability of interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs, curing HBV remains challenging due to low sustained response rates and side effects. Research on novel inhibitors holds promise for developing effective and safe treatments for HBV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

[Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B and D. National consensus guideline in Hungary from 15 October 2016].

Author: HorváthGábor, GerleiZsuzsanna, GervainJudit, LengyelGabriella, MakaraMihály, PárAlajos, RókuszLászló, SzalayFerenc, TornaiIstván, WerlingKlára, HunyadyBéla

Decrease cost
Improved quality of life
Prevent cancer
Prolong life expectancy
Reduce transmission
Side effects

This guideline provides treatment algorithms for chronic hepatitis B and D infections, emphasizing the importance of quick and detailed virologic evaluations, appropriate follow-up, and careful selection of therapy based on viral response and contraindications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Hungarian

15.

Cost-effectiveness of Lamivudine, Telbivudine, Adefovir Dipivoxil and Entecavir on decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis.

Author: WangG-L, LiuY, QiuP, ZhouS-F, XuL-F, WenP, WenJ-B, XiaoX-Z

Cost-effective
Effective treatment
Reduced Child-Pugh scores
Rare side effects

ETV was the optimal selection, LMV+ADV was the alternative selection and LMV was the cheapest option for treatment of decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

HLA-C and KIR combined genotype as new response marker for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with interferon-based combination therapy.

Author: StelmaF, JansenL, SinnigeM J, van DortK A, TakkenbergR B, JanssenH L A, ReesinkH W, KootstraN A

CHB treatment

This study investigated the association between HLA-C and KIR genotypes and the response to interferon-based therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection. The study found that specific combinations of HLA-C and KIR genotypes were associated with a better response to treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

[In Process Citation].

Author: HorváthGábor, GerleiZsuzsanna, GervainJudit, LengyelGabriella, MakaraMihály, PárAlajos, RókuszLászló, SzalayFerenc, TornaiIstván, WerlingKlára, HunyadyBéla

HBV/HDV infection management
Side effects

This guideline provides treatment algorithms for 2016 for HBV/HDV infection, outlining treatment choices, indications, and follow-up schedules. It emphasizes the importance of quick and detailed virologic evaluations, the applicability of elastography as an alternative to liver biopsy, and the relevance of consistent follow-up.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Hungarian

19.

Antiviral Natural Products Against Chronic Hepatitis B: Recent Developments.

Author: ParvezMohammad K, ArbabAhmed H, Al-DosariMohammed S, Al-RehailyAdnan J

Hepatitis B treatment

This article reviews the recent developments in anti-HBV natural products.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Kushenin Combined with Nucleos(t)ide Analogues for Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: ChenZhe, MaXiao, ZhaoYanling, WangJiabo, ZhangYaming, ZhuYun, WangLifu, ChenChang, WeiShizhang, YangZhirui, GongMan, ShenHonghui, BaiZhaofang, GuoYuming, NiuMing, XiaoXiaohe

Treats CHB

This meta-analysis examines the efficacy and safety of Kushenin (KS) combined with nucleoside analogues (NAs) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). KS combined with NAs improved various CHB indices compared to single agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of lamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir in treatment of chronic hepatitis B with adefovir dipivoxil resistance.

Author: WangGuiliang, LiuYan, QiuPing, ZhouShu-Feng, XuLinfang, WenPing, WenJianbo, XiaoXianzhong

Hepatitis B treatment

A study compared the cost-effectiveness of three different drug combinations for treating chronic hepatitis B infection in patients who have developed resistance to adefovir dipivoxil. Lamivudine + adefovir dipivoxil was the most cost-effective option, with telbivudine + adefovir dipivoxil as an alternative in less developed areas and entecavir + adefovir dipivoxil in developed areas.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

[In Process Citation].

Author: HorváthGábor, GerleiZsuzsanna, GervainJudit, LengyelGabriella, MakaraMihály, PárAlajos, RókuszLászló, SzalayFerenc, TelegdyLászló, TornaiIstván, WerlingKlára, HunyadyBéla

Hepatitis B and D treatment
Side effects

Treatment of hepatitis B and D virus infections can improve patient quality of life, prevent cancer, and prolong life expectancy. Treatment algorithms for 2015 include pegylated interferon for 48 weeks or continuous entecavir or tenofovir therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection, and pegylated interferon for hepatitis D infection.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Hungarian

25.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is superior to lamivudine plus adefovir in lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients.

Author: YangDan-Hong, XieYuan-Jun, ZhaoNian-Feng, PanHong-Ying, LiMing-Wei, HuangHai-Jun

Superior virologic response
None reported

Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy was superior to continuous add-on therapy in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B with a suboptimal response to lamivudine plus adefovir.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

Bone and kidney toxicity induced by nucleotide analogues in patients affected by HBV-related chronic hepatitis: a longitudinal study.

Author: MaggiPaolo, MontinaroVincenzo, LeoneArmando, FasanoMassimo, VolpeAnna, BellacosaChiara, GrattaglianoVito, ColadonatoLaura, LapadulaGiovanni, SantantonioTeresa, AngaranoGioacchino

Improved renal function
Reduced BMD loss
Osteorenal toxicity

Switching from lamivudine plus adefovir to tenofovir caused a slight reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with hepatitis B virus-related chronic hepatitis, but this stabilized after six months.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

28.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs adefovir dipivoxil in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B after 48 weeks: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: HouJ L, GaoZ L, XieQ, ZhangJ M, ShengJ F, ChengJ, ChenC W, MaoQ, ZhaoW, RenH, TanD M, NiuJ Q, ChenS J, PanC, TangH, WangH, MaoY M, JiaJ D, NingQ, XuM, WuS M, LiJ, ZhangX X, JiY, DongJ

ALT normalization
HBV suppression

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study compared the efficacy and safety of TDF and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in Chinese patients with CHB. TDF was found to be superior to ADV in terms of viral suppression and did not lead to the development of resistance.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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