Side Effects of aminocaproic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Aminocaproic acid is a medication used to stop bleeding in a variety of situations. For example, 25 reported that aminocaproic acid is used to prevent bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants during minor oral surgery or dental extractions. Additionally, 15 reported that aminocaproic acid is used during cancer surgery to reduce blood loss and the need for transfusions. Furthermore, 14 found that aminocaproic acid is used during pediatric cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding. These studies show that aminocaproic acid is effective in stopping bleeding, but some side effects have been reported.

Reasons for Side Effects

Aminocaproic acid works by blocking the activity of an enzyme in the blood called plasmin. Plasmin is an enzyme that breaks down blood clots. When aminocaproic acid blocks plasmin, blood clots are less likely to dissolve, and bleeding stops. However, plasmin also plays a role in wound healing and reducing inflammation. Therefore, if aminocaproic acid blocks plasmin too much, these functions may be impaired, leading to a variety of side effects.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Aminocaproic acid may cause side effects in the gastrointestinal system. For example, 11 reported that aminocaproic acid can cause headaches, nasal symptoms, and gastrointestinal discomfort. However, 26 reported that aminocaproic acid has low potential to cause gastrointestinal side effects. However, the possibility of aminocaproic acid causing side effects in the gastrointestinal system cannot be entirely ruled out.

Nervous System

Aminocaproic acid can cause side effects in the nervous system. For example, 9 reported that aminocaproic acid can cause seizures. However, 8 reported that aminocaproic acid has a low risk of causing seizures. However, the possibility of aminocaproic acid causing side effects in the nervous system cannot be entirely ruled out.

Kidney

Aminocaproic acid can cause side effects in the kidneys. For example, 23 reported that aminocaproic acid can reduce kidney function. However, 8 reported that aminocaproic acid has a low risk of causing kidney side effects. However, the possibility of aminocaproic acid causing side effects in the kidneys cannot be entirely ruled out.

Other

In addition to gastrointestinal, nervous system, and kidney side effects, aminocaproic acid can cause a variety of other side effects. For example, 21 reported that allergic reactions, thrombosis, liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurological symptoms can occur. You need to be aware of these side effects when using aminocaproic acid.

Side Effects Management

Gastrointestinal

If aminocaproic acid causes side effects in the gastrointestinal system, measures such as dietary therapy or drug therapy can be considered. For example, if gastrointestinal symptoms are mild, they may improve with dietary therapy. If gastrointestinal symptoms are severe, drug therapy with drugs that suppress gastric acid or aid digestion may be effective.

Nervous System

If aminocaproic acid causes side effects in the nervous system, measures such as drug therapy can be considered. For example, if symptoms such as seizures occur, drug therapy with anticonvulsants may be effective.

Kidney

If aminocaproic acid causes side effects in the kidneys, measures such as stopping or reducing the dosage of aminocaproic acid can be considered. Drug therapy to improve kidney function may also be effective.

Other

If aminocaproic acid causes other side effects, appropriate measures should be considered based on the side effect. For example, if an allergic reaction occurs, drug therapy with antihistamines may be effective. If thrombosis occurs, drug therapy with anticoagulants may be effective.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Many studies have reported that aminocaproic acid is effective in stopping bleeding, but some side effects have been reported.

Differences

The frequency and severity of side effects of aminocaproic acid vary from study to study. For example, 11 reported that aminocaproic acid can cause headaches, nasal symptoms, and gastrointestinal discomfort. However, 26 reported that aminocaproic acid has low potential to cause gastrointestinal side effects. These differences in research findings are thought to be due to differences in research methods and subjects.

Cautions Regarding Application to Real Life

Aminocaproic acid is effective in stopping bleeding, but some side effects have been reported. Therefore, you should consult with your doctor before taking aminocaproic acid and ask for instructions on the appropriate method of taking it for your condition. If you experience any abnormalities while taking aminocaproic acid, you should consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still insufficient research on the side effects of aminocaproic acid. Therefore, there is still much that is unknown about who is susceptible to what side effects from aminocaproic acid.

Future Research Directions

It is necessary to further research on the side effects of aminocaproic acid. For example, it is necessary to conduct detailed investigations to determine who is susceptible to what side effects from aminocaproic acid. Research also needs to be conducted on how to reduce the side effects of aminocaproic acid.

Conclusion

Aminocaproic acid is effective in stopping bleeding, but some side effects have been reported. You should consult with your doctor before taking aminocaproic acid and ask for instructions on the appropriate method of taking it for your condition. If you experience any abnormalities while taking aminocaproic acid, you should consult your doctor immediately.

Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
0
2
2
11
28
1.

Update on preventive therapy (prophylaxis) for hereditary angioedema.

Author: FrankMichael M

Prophylactic treatment for hereditary angioedema
Side effects of androgens
Side effects of antifibrinolytic agents

This study discusses the revolutionized treatment options for hereditary angioedema, including prophylactic and acute therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

[Angioedema is caused by a defect in C1-inhibitor synthesis].

Author: JaworskaH, GregorekH, MadalińskiK

angioedema treatment

C1-inhibitor deficiency can cause angioedema, a condition characterized by swelling of mucosa and subcutaneous tissue. Probiotics may be a potential natural treatment for C1-inhibitor deficiency by increasing IFN-gamma production.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Polish

4.

Control of bleeding after renal biopsy with epsilon-amino-caproic acid.

Author: SavdieE, MahonyJ F, StoreyB G

Controls bleeding
No serious side effects

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was found to be effective in controlling severe bleeding after renal biopsy, with no serious side-effects reported.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

[Hemostasis and antifibrinolytic therapy in major pediatric surgery].

Author: SchindlerEhrenfried, HertfelderHans-Jörg

Blood loss reduction
Postoperative mortality

Tranexamic acid is a promising alternative to aprotinin for preventing perioperative blood loss in children, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

7.

Prophylactic treatment of postperfusion bleeding using EACA.

Author: DelRossiA J, CernaianuA C, BotrosS, LemoleG M, MooreR

Reduces blood loss
Reduces blood transfusions

Prophylactic treatment with EACA, a drug that reduces blood loss, decreased postoperative blood loss, myocardial infarctions, and cerebrovascular accidents in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. It also reduced the need for blood transfusions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Seizures after open heart surgery: comparison of ε-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid.

Author: MartinKlaus, KnorrJürgen, BreuerTamás, GertlerRalph, MacguillMartin, LangeRüdiger, TassaniPeter, WiesnerGunther

Antifibrinolytic therapy

This study compared two antifibrinolytic protocols using tranexamic acid (TXA) or aminocaproic acid (EACA) in cardiac surgery. The postoperative outcomes were compared to evaluate the safety profiles of these antifibrinolytic agents.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

[Practical treatment approach of radiation induced cystitis].

Author: Martínez-RodríguezR, Areal CalamaJ, Buisan RuedaO, González SatueC, Sanchez MaciasJ, Arzoz FabregasM, Gago RamosJ, Bayona ArenasS, Ibarz ServioL, Saladié RoigJ M

Treatment algorithm
Bladder tumor
Hemorrhage

To obtain a higher rate of success in the difficult management of hematuria in patients with a previous history of pelvic radiation, urologists should be aware of different treatment options and patterns of administration.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Spanish

12.

Switch from aprotinin to ε-aminocaproic acid: impact on blood loss, transfusion, and clinical outcome in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery.

Author: MartinK, GertlerR, LiermannH, MayrN P, MacGuillM, SchreiberC, VogtM, TassaniP, WiesnerG

Hypofibrinolysis treatment

This study compared the blood-sparing effect and side-effects of aprotinin and ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Use of tranexamic acid in control of haemorrhage after extraction of teeth in haemophilia and Christmas disease.

Author: TavennerR W

Controlled bleeding
Fewer side effects

Tranexamic acid was slightly more effective than aminocaproic acid in controlling bleeding after dental extraction in patients with haemophilia, with a lower dose and fewer side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Use of antifibrinolytics in pediatric cardiac surgery: Where are we now?

Author: FaraoniDavid, RaheCornelius, CybulskiKaren A

Bleeding reduction
Transfusion reduction
Mortality
Renal failure
Seizures

Antifibrinolytic agents can reduce bleeding in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery. Tranexamic acid and ϵ-aminocaproic acid are safe and effective options. High-dose tranexamic acid may increase the risk of seizures. Further research is needed to define the optimal dose regimen for these medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Lysine analogue use during cancer surgery: a survey from a Canadian tertiary care centre.

Author: MontroyJ, HuttonB, FergussonD A, TinmouthA, LavalléeL T, CagiannosI, MorashC, FlamanA, BreauR H

Reduced blood loss
Reduced transfusion need

Lysine analogues are effective hemostatic agents in surgery but their use remains low. This study explores surgeon opinions and use of lysine analogues in oncologic surgeries.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

The efficacy and safety of epsilon-aminocaproic acid treatment in patients with cirrhosis and hyperfibrinolysis.

Author: GunawanB, RunyonB

Bleeding improvement
Lightheadedness
Rash

epsilon-aminocaproic acid was found to be effective and safe for treatment of hyperfibrinolysis in patients with cirrhosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Enhanced Antifibrinolytic Efficacy of a Plasmin-Specific Kunitz-Inhibitor (60-Residue Y11T/L17R with C-Terminal IEK) of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Type-2 Domain1.

Author: VadivelKanagasabai, ZaissAnne K, KumarYogesh, FabianFrank M, IsmailAyman E A, ArbingMark A, BuchholzWallace G, VelanderWilliam H, BajajS Paul

Reduced blood loss
Adverse side effects

This study describes the development of a new type of antifibrinolytic agent, which prevents blood clots from dissolving. The new agent, a Kunitz domain mutant, was found to be effective in preventing blood clots and did not cause harmful effects to cells.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

[Hereditary angioedema by defict of C1 esterase. Our experience in 8 cases].

Author: Sastre CastilloA, VereaH, LahozF, Pérez GuerreroJ, VallejoJ

Effective for angioedema
Side effects

Eight cases of hereditary angioedema were analyzed. Patients presented with digestive disorders, angioedema episodes following traumatisms or emotional states, and pharyngolaryngeal angioedema. Treatment with Epsilon aminocaproic acid or tranexamic acid was effective. Tranexamic acid had fewer side effects.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

19.

Epsilon aminocaproic acid reduces transfusion requirements in patients with thrombocytopenic hemorrhage.

Author: KalmadiSujith, TiuRamon, LoweChristopher, JinTao, KalaycioMatt

Reduced hemorrhage
Reduced transfusions
Manageable side effects

Epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) was effective in treating thrombocytopenic hemorrhage in 66% of patients, and manageable adverse effects were observed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery.

Author: ChenR H, FrazierO H, CooleyD A

Bleeding reduction

This study reviews the current state of antifibrinolytic therapy for excessive bleeding in cardiothoracic surgery. A single intravenous dose of 10 g of epsilon-aminocaproic acid is suggested as a safe and effective alternative to aprotinin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Long-term prophylaxis with C1-inhibitor (C1 INH) concentrate in patients with recurrent angioedema caused by hereditary and acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency.

Author: BorkK, WitzkeG

Angioedema control
C1 INH levels increase
Angioedema recurrence

C1 INH concentrate was effective in treating hereditary angioedema (HAE) and acquired C1 INH deficiency. Both patients were free of symptoms after 1 year of treatment. There were no side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Therapeutic options for intractable hematuria in advanced bladder cancer.

Author: AbtDominik, BywaterMirjam, EngelerDaniel Stephan, SchmidHans-Peter

Hematuria treatment

Intractable hematuria, persistent blood in the urine, is a serious problem for patients with bladder cancer that cannot be surgically removed. This review summarizes the treatment options for this condition, including medications, procedures, and radiation. While there are various treatment approaches, more research is needed to compare their effectiveness and safety, as most methods are considered experimental.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Reduced clearance of ε-acetamidocaproic acid in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate.

Author: HanSeung Yon, YangSi Hyung, YoonInsoo, LeeMyung Gull, ChoiYoung Hee

This study investigates the pharmacokinetic changes of zinc acexamate, an anti-ulcer drug, in rats with acute renal failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Long-term treatment of C1 inhibitor deficiency with epsilon-aminocaproic acid in two patients.

Author: Van DellenR G

Hereditary angioedema treatment

Long-term treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was associated with a substantial decrease in the frequency and severity of angioedema attacks in two patients with C1 inhibitor deficiency.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions.

Author: EngelenEveline T, SchutgensRoger Eg, Mauser-BunschotenEvelien P, van EsRobert Jj, van GalenKarin Pm

Anticoagulant treatment
Haemostatic measures
Bleeding complications

This review discusses the risks of bleeding complications during and after oral or dental procedures in individuals taking anticoagulant medications. The review recommends continuing anticoagulation at the same dose and using haemostatic measures to minimize bleeding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

27.

Impact of a protocol for acute antifibrinolytic therapy on aneurysm rebleeding after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Author: StarkeRobert M, KimGrace H, FernandezAndres, KomotarRicardo J, HickmanZachary L, OttenMarc L, DucruetAndrew F, KellnerChristopher P, HahnDavid K, ChwajolMarkus, MayerStephan A, ConnollyE Sander

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage prevention
Ischemic deficits

This review explores the use of epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), an antifibrinolytic agent, to prevent rebleeding in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. While long-term therapy was found to be associated with increased ischemic deficits, recent studies suggest that early, short-term EACA therapy may offer benefits in reducing rebleeding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

The effect of aprotinin, tranexamic acid, and aminocaproic acid on blood loss and use of blood products in major pediatric surgery: a meta-analysis.

Author: SchoutenEsther S, van de PolAlma C, SchoutenAnton N J, TurnerNigel M, JansenNicolaas J G, BollenCasper W

Blood loss reduction
Transfusion reduction

Aprotinin is a medication used to reduce blood loss during surgery, but it can cause serious side effects. This review examined the use of tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid, which are safer alternatives for reducing blood loss in children undergoing major surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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