Major Research Findings

Astragalus, a traditional Chinese herb, has been shown to have various health benefits in several studies. 1 found that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) can reduce the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the feces of laying hens. This suggests that APS can help control the spread of antibiotic resistance in poultry. 2 revealed that APS promotes wound healing in deep partial-thickness burns in rats by activating the ILK/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. 3 demonstrated that a synbiotic containing Cetobacterium somerae and APS can attenuate trichlorfon-induced hepatotoxicity in crucian carp. This suggests that APS can help protect against liver damage caused by certain toxins. Other studies have shown that APS can suppress MDR1 gene expression in methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells 4 , protect brain synaptosomes, mitochondria, and microsomes 5 , enhance PBMC proliferation and reduce Treg frequency 6 , improve immune disorders in DSSD rats by modulating gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway 7 , exert cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cell lines 8 , control inflammatory response and prevent asthma features 9 , affect growth performance, physiological and biochemical parameters, and lipid metabolism in spotted sea bass 10 , provide cardioprotective effects against coronary heart disease 11 , protect kidneys in chronic kidney disease rat models 12 , exhibit anti-metastatic effects on colorectal cancer 13 , inhibit ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike syncytial formation, and exert anti-inflammatory effects 14 , alleviate the effects of bisphenol A on boar sperm 15 , and inhibit colon cancer 16 . APS supplementation in beagle dogs after castration has also been shown to have effects on hematology, serum chemistry, immune response, and oxidative stress status 17 . In breeding pigeons, Astragalus, Epimedium, and Ligustrum lucidum (AEF) have been shown to enhance stress resistance, immunity, production performance, and antioxidant capacity 18 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Astragalus has been shown to offer numerous health benefits, including boosting the immune system, possessing antioxidant properties, reducing inflammation, fighting bacteria and viruses, and potentially combating cancer. These benefits are attributed to its main active compound, astragalus polysaccharide (APS). 15 found that APS can alleviate the effects of bisphenol A on boar sperm by reducing oxidative stress and improving sperm motility. 6 revealed that APS can enhance PBMC proliferation and reduce Treg frequency, suggesting it could strengthen the immune response against cancer cells. 18 demonstrated that APS can improve stress resistance, immunity, production performance, and antioxidant capacity in breeding pigeons. These studies highlight the potential benefits of APS in various areas of health and well-being.

Risk Summary

Astragalus is generally considered safe with few side effects. However, some individuals may experience digestive issues, allergic reactions, or other adverse effects. Astragalus can also interact with certain medications. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional before taking astragalus, particularly if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a medical condition. 12 suggests that astragalus root exhibits renoprotective effects in chronic kidney disease rat models. However, long-term safety studies on astragalus are still lacking, and individuals with kidney disease should consult their doctor before taking it. 17 reported that APS supplementation in beagle dogs after castration can influence hematology, serum chemistry, immune response, and oxidative stress status. While APS is generally considered safe, there is a possibility of side effects in some dogs, making it essential to consult a veterinarian before giving APS to dogs.

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities

Several studies consistently demonstrate that astragalus offers a range of health benefits. Notably, enhancing immune function, exhibiting antioxidant properties, and reducing inflammation are common themes. 2 , 6 , and 18 all show that astragalus can stimulate immune cell activation and strengthen immune responses. Similarly, 3 , 10 , and 18 highlight its ability to activate antioxidant enzymes and reduce oxidative stress.

Differences

The effects of astragalus can vary depending on the species being studied, the specific disease or condition, the dosage used, and the method of administration. For example, while 1 showed astragalus's ability to reduce antibiotic resistance genes in laying hens, similar effects in other animal species are not guaranteed. 2 demonstrated APS's effectiveness in promoting wound healing in deep partial-thickness burns in rats, but its effects on other types of wounds or different animal species may differ. 4 highlights APS's ability to suppress MDR1 gene expression in methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, but its impact on other types of cancer cells might vary.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While multiple studies suggest astragalus provides numerous health benefits, it's crucial to acknowledge that its effects can vary depending on the species, condition, dosage, and administration method. Therefore, interpreting research findings should be done with caution. For instance, 1 highlights the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes in laying hens, but the same effect might not be observed in other animal species. 4 demonstrates APS's effectiveness in suppressing MDR1 gene expression in a specific type of leukemia cells, but its impact on other cancer cell types may not be identical.

Considerations for Real-World Application

Astragalus is available as a health food and supplement. However, as its effects can be influenced by factors like species, condition, dosage, and administration method, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional before using astragalus. This is particularly important for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and individuals with existing medical conditions. Additionally, astragalus can interact with certain medications. It's vital to inform your doctor about any medications you are taking before incorporating astragalus into your regimen.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effects of astragalus is still ongoing, and further studies are needed for a comprehensive understanding of its benefits. Large-scale clinical trials involving humans are limited, requiring further investigation to solidify its effectiveness in human populations. Moreover, the structure and function of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) are not yet fully understood. Deeper exploration of APS's structure and function could lead to a more effective utilization of its beneficial properties.

Future Research Directions

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of astragalus's benefits, several research directions are crucial. Large-scale clinical trials involving human subjects are needed to establish the effectiveness of astragalus in human populations. Further research into the structure and function of APS, the active component of astragalus, is essential to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Studies investigating the safety of astragalus are crucial to assess potential long-term risks associated with its use.

Conclusion

Astragalus has shown promise in several studies as a natural remedy for a range of health issues. However, its effects can be influenced by various factors, making it vital to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating astragalus into your health regimen. Continued research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its potential benefits and risks, paving the way for its safe and effective use in human populations.