Effects of azelastine ophthalmic: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Azelastine ophthalmic solution has been shown to be effective in treating allergic conjunctivitis in numerous studies. 6 reports that azelastine ophthalmic solution can suppress complement activation, a key factor in the development of allergic conjunctivitis. 8 shows that azelastine ophthalmic solution can rapidly reduce inflammation associated with allergic reactions. 14 demonstrates that azelastine ophthalmic solution inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine and tryptase from mast cells. Additionally, 5 highlights that azelastine ophthalmic solution can inhibit the release of cytokines from mast cells and suppress NF-κB activation and intracellular calcium ion levels. These studies suggest that azelastine ophthalmic solution is an effective treatment for allergic conjunctivitis.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Azelastine ophthalmic solution is effective in alleviating allergic conjunctivitis symptoms, particularly itchy, red, and watery eyes. 18 reports that azelastine ophthalmic solution effectively improved symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, reducing eye itching, redness, and tearing. 27 indicates a high response rate for symptom relief with azelastine ophthalmic solution in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. 20 shows that azelastine ophthalmic solution has a rapid onset and sustained effect in managing allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. Based on these studies, azelastine ophthalmic solution appears to be a promising treatment for allergic conjunctivitis.

Risk Summary

While generally considered safe, azelastine ophthalmic solution can cause side effects. Common side effects include eye irritation, burning, itching, and redness. 27 reports mild irritation and a bitter taste as side effects in some patients using azelastine ophthalmic solution. Similarly, 18 mentions a bitter taste in the mouth and burning sensation in the eyes as potential side effects. It is important to be aware of these potential side effects when using azelastine ophthalmic solution.

Comparison of Studies

Similarities in Studies

Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of azelastine ophthalmic solution in treating allergic conjunctivitis. These studies report that azelastine ophthalmic solution can alleviate symptoms like eye itching, redness, and tearing. Additionally, studies have shown that azelastine ophthalmic solution inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells, thus reducing allergic inflammation. These findings strongly suggest that azelastine ophthalmic solution is an effective treatment option for allergic conjunctivitis.

Differences in Studies

While these studies provide insights into the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action of azelastine ophthalmic solution, there are subtle variations. For instance, 27 demonstrates a concentration-dependent effect of azelastine ophthalmic solution. On the other hand, 18 indicates that azelastine ophthalmic solution is particularly effective for treating mild forms of allergic conjunctivitis. These variations suggest that while azelastine ophthalmic solution holds promise as an effective treatment for allergic conjunctivitis, individual responses and side effects may differ.

Consistency and Discrepancies in Results

The majority of studies consistently point to the effectiveness of azelastine ophthalmic solution in treating allergic conjunctivitis. However, 19 suggests that further research is needed to confirm the mast cell stabilizing effect of azelastine ophthalmic solution. This discrepancy highlights the need for further investigation to fully understand the mechanism of action of azelastine ophthalmic solution.

Practical Application Considerations

Azelastine ophthalmic solution has been proven effective in numerous studies for alleviating allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. However, it is crucial to remember that side effects and individual responses may vary. Therefore, it is essential to use azelastine ophthalmic solution only under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Additionally, azelastine ophthalmic solution is not a cure for allergic conjunctivitis, but rather a means to manage symptoms. Identifying and avoiding allergens that trigger allergic conjunctivitis is paramount.

Limitations of Current Research

While research on azelastine ophthalmic solution has yielded significant findings, there are areas for improvement. For instance, data on long-term safety is still limited. Furthermore, the effects of azelastine ophthalmic solution in combination with other allergy medications require further study.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on areas like long-term safety, the efficacy of azelastine ophthalmic solution in combination with other allergy medications, and a more comprehensive understanding of its mechanism of action. Such research will broaden the clinical applications of azelastine ophthalmic solution.

Conclusion

Azelastine ophthalmic solution has demonstrated effectiveness in numerous studies for alleviating allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. However, it is vital to use this medication under the guidance of a healthcare professional, considering the potential for side effects and individual variations in response. Remember that azelastine ophthalmic solution is a symptom management tool, not a cure. Identifying and avoiding allergens that trigger allergic conjunctivitis is crucial for effective management.

Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
8
2
2
6
28
2.

Comparison of rhinitis treatments using MASK-air® data and considering the minimal important difference.

Author: Sousa-PintoBernardo, SchünemannHolger J, Sá-SousaAna, VieiraRafael José, AmaralRita, AntoJosep M, KlimekLudger, CzarlewskiWienczyslawa, MullolJoaquim, PfaarOliver, BedbrookAnna, BrussinoLuisa, KvedarieneVioleta, Larenas-LinnemannDesirée, OkamotoYoshitaka, VenturaMaria Teresa, AgacheIoana, AnsoteguiIgnacio J, BergmannKarl C, Bosnic-AnticevichSinthia, BrozekJan, CanonicaG Walter, CardonaVictoria, Carreiro-MartinsPedro, CasaleThomas, CecchiLorenzo, ChivatoTomas, ChuDerek K, CingiCemal, CostaElísio M, CruzAlvaro A, Del GiaccoStefano, DevillierPhilippe, EklundPatrik, FokkensWytske J, GemiciogluBilun, HaahtelaTari, IvancevichJuan Carlos, IspayevaZhanat, JutelMarek, KunaPiotr, KaidashevIgor, KhaitovMusa, KraxnerHelga, LauneDaniel, LipworthBrian, LouisRenaud, MakrisMichael, MontiRiccardo, Morais-AlmeidaMario, MösgesRalph, NiedoszytkoMarek, PapadopoulosNikolaos G, PatellaVincenzo, Pham-ThiNhân, RegateiroFrederico S, ReitsmaSietze, RouadiPhilip W, SamolinskiBoleslaw, SheikhAziz, SovaMilan, Todo-BomAna, Taborda-BarataLuis, Toppila-SalmiSanna, SastreJoaquin, TsiligianniIoanna, ValiulisArunas, VandenplasOlivier, WallaceDana, WasermanSusan, YorganciogluArzu, ZidarnMihaela, ZuberbierTorsten, FonsecaJoao A, BousquetJean

Compare AR treatments

This study aims to compare different treatments for allergic rhinitis (AR) using real-world data, assessing daily symptoms, co-medication usage, symptom control, and the effect of allergen immunotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Effects of ophthalmologic solutions on sinonasal ciliated epithelium.

Author: WorkmanAlan D, CareyRyan M, KohanskiMichael A, AdappaNithin D, PalmerJames N, CohenNoam A

Treatment of rhinologic disease

This study investigated the effects of 9 commercially available ophthalmologic drug formulations on ciliary motility in sinonasal cultures, exploring their potential off-label use for treating rhinologic diseases. The results provide insights into their potential utility and limitations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Histamine-induced cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression in human conjunctival fibroblasts.

Author: LeonardiAndrea, DeFranchisGiuseppe, De PaoliMassimo, FregonaIva, PlebaniMario, SecchiAntonio

Reduced inflammation

Histamine was found to have pro-inflammatory effects on conjunctival fibroblasts, inducing the production of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, and the expression of ICAM-1. The H1 antagonist emedastine significantly reduced cytokine and ICAM-1 expression from histamine-stimulated fibroblasts, suggesting a potential role in managing chronic allergic conjunctival diseases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Azelastine inhibits secretion of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-8 as well as NF-kappaB activation and intracellular calcium ion levels in normal human mast cells.

Author: KempurajDuraisamy, HuangMan, Kandere-GrzybowskaKristiana, BasuSubimal, BoucherWilliam, LetourneauRichard, AthanassiouAchilles, TheoharidesTheoharis C

Allergic inflammation treatment

The study investigated the effects of azelastine, a histamine-1 receptor antagonist, on inflammatory cytokine release from human mast cells. Azelastine has been reported to inhibit histamine and tryptase secretion, but its impact on IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 release is not well understood.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

[In vitro effects of antiallergic eyedrops on complement activation induced by particulate matter].

Author: BlondinC, CholleyB, Haeffner-CavaillonN, GoldschmidtP

Eye irritation

This review discusses the causes and mechanisms of ocular allergic-like symptoms that are not associated with increased IgE levels. These symptoms are often triggered by environmental factors such as air pollutants and may be mediated by the complement system.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

8.

Rapid anti-inflammatory action of azelastine eyedrops for ongoing allergic reactions.

Author: CiprandiGiorgio, CosentinoCristina, MilaneseManlio, ToscaMaria Angela

Reduced allergic symptoms
Reduced inflammation

Azelastine eye drops significantly reduced symptoms and inflammation during an allergic reaction compared to placebo. These findings demonstrate the clinically relevant anti-inflammatory activity of azelastine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Topical therapy of allergic rhinitis in childhood: Allergodil nasal spray--non-sedating in children.

Author: LassigW, WoberW, HöflichC, BähreM, RoloffA

Allergic rhinitis treatment
Eye symptom improvement
Nasal symptom improvement
Throat symptom improvement
Adverse events
Mild side effects

Allergodil was effective in treating allergic rhinitis in children, with statistically significant improvement in nasal, eye and throat symptoms. The drug was safe and well tolerated in patients aged 2-6 years.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

10.

Antihistamines: topical vs oral administration.

Author: DaviesR J, BagnallA C, McCabeR N, CalderonM A, WangJ H

Improved safety
Reduced ICAM-1 expression
Reduced inflammatory cell influx
Reduced nasal symptoms
Relieves ocular itch
Severe side-effects

The study explored the additional pharmacological activities of antihistamines beyond histamine blockage in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. In vitro studies demonstrated that high concentrations of second-generation antihistamines can block inflammatory mediator release and reduce ICAM-1 expression. In vivo studies showed a reduction in nasal symptoms and inflammatory cell influx with both oral and intranasal antihistamines. Clinical trials suggest that topical levocabastine and azelastine may be more effective than oral terfenadine in relieving ocular itch and nasal symptoms.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
CongressA conference or meeting where experts in a specific field gather. It provides opportunities for presentations, discussions, and networking, and serves as a place to share expertise and learn about the latest trends in the industry.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Azelastine eye drops reduce and prevent allergic conjunctival reaction and exert anti-allergic activity.

Author: CiprandiG, BuscagliaS, CatrulloA, PesceG, FiorinoN, MontagnaP, BagnascoM, CanonicaG W

Allergic rhinitis treatment

This study focuses on the effects of azelastine, a selective H1-receptor antagonist, on ICAM-1 expression on epithelial cells, which is a key factor in the inflammatory response to nasal allergens.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Efficacy and safety of topical azelastine compared with topical mitomycin C in patients with allergic conjunctivitis.

Author: SodhiPunita Kumari, PandeyRavindra M, RatanSimmi K

Allergic conjunctivitis treatment
Conjunctival hyperemia
Episcleritis
Irritation

Topical mitomycin C (MMC) was more effective than topical azelastine in treating allergic conjunctivitis, both in terms of symptom relief and resolution of signs. MMC was well tolerated in low doses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Intranasal corticosteroids versus topical H1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Author: YáñezAnahí, RodrigoGustavo J

Reduced nasal symptoms

Intranasal corticosteroids produced greater relief of nasal symptoms than did topical antihistamines for allergic rhinitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Azelastine's inhibition of histamine and tryptase release from human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells as well as rat skin mast cell-induced vascular permeability: comparison with olopatadine.

Author: LytinasMichael, KempurajDuraisamy, HuangMan, KandereKristiana, BoucherWilliam, LetourneauRichard, JeudySheila, FitzgeraldKim, SpearKathleen, AthanasiouAchilles, TheoharidesTheoharis C

Allergy relief
Mast cell inhibition

This study investigates the effects of azelastine and olopatadine, histamine 1 receptor antagonists, on histamine and tryptase release from cultured human mast cells. Azelastine was found to be a more potent inhibitor of mast cell activation than olopatadine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

16.

Duration of action of topical antiallergy drugs in a Guinea pig model of histamine-induced conjunctival vascular permeability.

Author: BeauregardClay, StephensDonna, RobertsLeighann, GamacheDaniel, YanniJohn

Conjunctival vascular permeability treatment
Drug side effects

This study compared the duration of action of olopatadine with other topical antiallergic drugs in guinea pigs. Olopatadine significantly reduced histamine-induced vascular permeability for up to 16 hours, demonstrating a longer duration of action than epinastine, azelastine, and ketotifen.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Azelastine eye drops reduce conjunctival hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar glucose challenge in children with asymptomatic mite conjunctivitis.

Author: CiprandiG, CatrulloA, ToscaM, CerquetiP, MondinoC, PassalacquaG, CanonicaG W

Mite allergy treatment

Mite allergy can cause nonspecific conjunctival hyperreactivity. This study investigated the effect of azelastine eye drops on nonspecific conjunctival hyperreactivity in mite-allergic children. Results showed that azelastine eye drops significantly reduced nonspecific conjunctival hyperreactivity compared to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

[Allergodil eye drops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis].

Author: HaiclP, CernáH

Allergic conjunctivitis relief
Bitter taste
Burning sensation

Allergodil, a local H1 antihistamine, was effective in monotherapy for mild forms of allergic conjunctivitis, reducing symptoms in 90% of patients.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Czech

19.

Multiple action agents and the eye: do they really stabilize mast cells?

Author: LambiaseAlessandro, MiceraAlessandra, BoniniStefano

Allergic conjunctivitis treatment

This article highlights the growing use of multiple-action drugs like azelastine, epinastine, ketotifen, and olopatadine for allergic conjunctivitis. These drugs combine antihistaminic, mast cell stabilizing, and anti-inflammatory actions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Evaluation of the onset and duration of effect of azelastine eye drops (0.05%) versus placebo in patients with allergic conjunctivitis using an allergen challenge model.

Author: FriedlaenderM H, HarrisJ, LaValleeN, RussellH, ShilstoneJ

Effective for allergic conjunctivitis

This study found that azelastine eye drops were highly effective in the treatment of experimentally induced allergic conjunctivitis. The onset of action was seen within 3 minutes and the duration of effect was at least 8 to 10 hours.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

A Novel Approach of Drug Localization through Development of Polymeric Micellar System Containing Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery.

Author: DeviSheetal, SainiVipin, KumarManish, BhattShailendra, GuptaSumeet, DeepAman

Treat allergic conjunctivitis

Polymeric micelles offer a promising approach to improve the management of allergic conjunctivitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers for treating seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis.

Author: CastilloMayret, ScottNeil W, MustafaMohammad Z, MustafaMohammed S, Azuara-BlancoAugusto

Allergic conjunctivitis treatment

Topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, or a combination of treatments are standard treatments for allergic conjunctivitis, although there is clinical uncertainty about their relative efficacy and safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

Comparison of the conjunctival toxicity of topical ocular antiallergic agents.

Author: LeeJong Soo, LeeJi Eun, KimNami, OumBoo Sup

None specified
Conjunctival cell damage

Olopatadine hydrochloride had less toxic effects on conjunctival cells than azelastine hydrochloride and ketotifen fumarate.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Azelastine is more potent than olopatadine n inhibiting interleukin-6 and tryptase release from human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells.

Author: KempurajDuraisamy, HuangMan, KandereKristiana, BoucherWilliam, LetourneauRichard, JeudySheila, FitzgeraldKim, SpearKathleen, AthanasiouAchilles, TheoharidesTheoharis C

Inhibits mast cell activation

Azelastine and olopatadine can inhibit CHMCs activation and release of IL-6, tryptase, and histamine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

25.

Ocular comfort and drying effects of three topical antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers in adults with allergic conjunctivitis: a randomized, double-masked crossover study.

Author: TorkildsenGail L, OuslerGeorge W, GomesPaul

AC treatment

Epinastine was rated as more comfortable than azelastine and ketotifen for short-term ocular comfort in patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC). None of the medications were associated with significant acute ocular drying effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Effect of intranasal azelastine and beclomethasone dipropionate on nasal symptoms, nasal cytology, and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in allergic rhinitis in response to grass pollens.

Author: PelucchiA, ChiapparinoA, MastropasquaB, MarazziniL, HernandezA, ForesiA

Allergic rhinitis relief

This study compared the effects of nasal azelastine, nasal beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and placebo on seasonal symptoms, nasal cytology, and bronchial responsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis to grass pollens. Both azelastine and BDP were effective in reducing symptoms and improving nasal cytology compared to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

27.

Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of two concentrations of azelastine eye drops in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhinoconjunctivitis.

Author: LenhardG, Mivsek-MusicE, Perrin-FayolleM, ObtulowiczK, SecchiA

Effective treatment
Well tolerated
Mild irritation
Unpleasant taste

Azelastine eye drops were effective and well tolerated at a concentration of 0.05% for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Pharmacotherapy of allergic eye disease.

Author: ManzouriBita, FlynnThomas H, LarkinFrank, OnoSanta J, WyseRichard

Allergic eye disease

This article discusses the management of allergic eye disease, a condition affecting a significant portion of the world's population. Recent advances in understanding the cellular and mediator mechanisms involved have led to the development of more effective treatment options, including newer topical medications with multiple actions and longer duration of action.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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