Effects of bebtelovimab injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Multiple studies have shown that beta-blockers are effective in lowering intraocular pressure. 4 , 12 , 9 These medications can also affect the entire body, such as the heart and lungs. 4 , 7 , 1 Research has shown that systemic effects vary depending on the type of beta-blocker. For example, timolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, may be more likely to cause depression than betaxolol, a selective beta-blocker. 2 On the other hand, betaxolol has a high selectivity for the heart, making it a safer option than timolol for patients with heart disease. 7 , 5 , 12 , 9 Betaxolol has also been shown to be relatively safe for patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma. 1 , 6 Beta-blockers can cause exercise-induced hypoglycemia, and this effect is thought to be more pronounced with non-selective beta-blockers than with selective beta-blockers. 7

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Multiple studies have shown that it can be expected to have a lowering effect on intraocular pressure. 4 , 12 , 9 Betaxolol has a high selectivity for the heart, making it a safer option than timolol for patients with heart disease. 7 , 5 , 12 , 9 Betaxolol has also been shown to be relatively safe for patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma. 1 , 6

Risk Summary

Systemic effects are a concern. It can affect the heart and lungs, and may cause depression. 4 , 7 , 2 It can also cause exercise-induced hypoglycemia. 7

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Multiple studies have shown that beta-blockers are effective in lowering intraocular pressure. 4 , 12 , 9 These medications can also affect the entire body, such as the heart and lungs. 4 , 7 , 1

Differences in Studies

Studies vary in the type of beta-blocker used, the dosage, and the evaluation methods. Therefore, it is difficult to directly compare the results of each study. However, some studies have shown that the systemic effects vary depending on the type of beta-blocker. For example, timolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, may be more likely to cause depression than betaxolol, a selective beta-blocker. 2

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Multiple studies have shown that beta-blockers are effective in lowering intraocular pressure. 4 , 12 , 9 On the other hand, the results vary regarding systemic effects. For example, betaxolol has a high selectivity for the heart, making it a safer option than timolol for patients with heart disease. 7 , 5 , 12 , 9 However, other studies have concluded that betaxolol is safe for patients with respiratory diseases. 1 , 6 Thus, there may be contradictions in the results, and further research is needed.

Points to Note Regarding Application to Daily Life

Beta-blockers are effective medications for lowering intraocular pressure, but systemic effects need to be considered. Patients with underlying conditions such as heart disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes should be cautious when using beta-blockers. If you are considering using beta-blockers, be sure to consult with your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

This research is based on a limited number of papers and does not cover all papers. Each paper has different subjects, study designs, and evaluation methods, making it difficult to directly compare the results. Therefore, the results of this study should only be considered as a reference, and further research is needed.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to better understand the systemic effects of beta-blockers. In particular, more research is needed on the long-term effects and the effects on patients with specific diseases. The development of alternative medications for beta-blockers is also expected.

Conclusion

Beta-blockers are effective medications for lowering intraocular pressure, but systemic effects need to be considered. Patients with underlying conditions such as heart disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes should be cautious when using beta-blockers. If you are considering using beta-blockers, be sure to consult with your doctor. Furthermore, further research is needed to better understand the systemic effects of beta-blockers.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
14
0
0
0
14
1.

Effects of beta-adrenoceptors blocking eye drops in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Author: HuguesF C, MatteJ C, Le JeunneC, SalemA

Bronchoconstriction

Beta-blocker eyedrops, while effective for glaucoma, may enhance asthma symptoms. While most parameters were unchanged, forced expiratory volume in one second decreased in some patients, even with beta 1 selective blockers.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Changes in depressive status associated with topical beta-blockers.

Author: DuchS, DuchC, PastóL, FerrerP

Less depression
Depression risk

Betaxolol may be less likely than timolol to induce depression in predisposed patients. In a small study of glaucomatous patients, those treated with timolol had higher depression scores than those treated with betaxolol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

The effects of time and dose on the relative beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonism of betaxolol and atenolol.

Author: LipworthB J, IrvineN A, McDevittD G

Beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade
Beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade
None mentioned

The study compared the effects of beta-blockers betaxolol and atenolol on heart rate and other measures in healthy subjects. Beta-blockers reduced exercise heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. Betaxolol was more selective for beta1 receptors, meaning it had a greater effect on the heart than on the lungs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Assessment of systemic effects of different ophthalmic beta-blockers in healthy volunteers.

Author: BauerK, Brunner-FerberF, DistlerathL M, LippaE A, BinkowitzB, TillP, KaikG

Oculoselective
Safe for eyes
Systemic beta-blockade

The study examined the systemic beta-blockade caused by ophthalmic beta-blockers in healthy volunteers. All beta-blockers tested caused systemic beta-blockade, but betaxolol was less potent than metipranolol and timolol. Butapranolol, a noncardioselective but topically oculoselective drug, did not cause systemic beta-blockade.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Systemic effects of three beta-blocker eyedrops: comparison in healthy volunteers of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor inhibition.

Author: Le JeunneC, MuneraY, HuguesF C

Effective beta-blocker
Good efficacy

Carteolol and timolol totally inhibited the beta 1 and beta 2 effects of isoproterenol, whereas betaxolol allowed the same effects with the same dose of isoproterenol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

The significance of reactions to betaxolol reported by patients.

Author: BrooksA M, BurdenJ G, GilliesW E

Respiratory safety
Respiratory side effects

Betaxolol, an ocular hypotensive drug, was studied for its respiratory safety. Despite some patients reporting wheeze or respiratory distress, no changes in respiratory function were observed with betaxolol in a double-masked clinical study.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

[Comparison of the effect of a selective and a nonselective beta receptor blocker on the ischemic ST segment, lung function and stress-induced decrease in blood glucose].

Author: BrügmannU, BlasiniR

Effective for angina pectoris
Less effect on pulmonary function
Decrease in blood glucose

Betaxolol, a cardioselective beta-blocking agent, was as effective as nadolol, a non-selective agent, in reducing ST-segment depression in patients with stable exercise angina pectoris.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

8.

[Comparative pharmacoclinical study of 2 beta-blockers: atenolol and betaxolol in slight-to-moderate arterial hypertension].

Author: HerpinD, BoutaudP, CiberM A, AmielA, DemangeJ

Prolonged effects
Reduced blood pressure

Betaxolol was shown to have a more prolonged antihypertensive effect on exercising heart rate and blood pressure compared to atenolol, suggesting its potential for treating hypertension associated with physical activity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

9.

Betaxolol vs timolol. A six-month double-blind comparison.

Author: StewartR H, KimbroughR L, WardR L

Cardiopulmonary safety
Glaucoma treatment

Betaxolol hydrochloride (0.5%) and timolol maleate (0.5%) were compared in a six-month study of 29 patients with glaucoma. Both drugs were effective in lowering intraocular pressure, with betaxolol reducing pressure by 7.6 mm Hg (26%) and timolol reducing pressure by 8.4 mm Hg (29%). Ocular side effects were mild and similar for both treatments.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects and pharmacokinetics of betaxolol (SL 75212) in man.

Author: GiudicelliJ F, ChauvinM, ThuillezC, RicherC, BianchettiG, GomeniR, MorselliP L

Long-lasting effect
Potent beta-blocker

Betaxolol was a potent and long-lasting beta-adrenoceptor blocker, more potent than propranolol. It had a long duration of action and a long plasma elimination half-life.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Observation on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of betaxolol (SL 75212), a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug.

Author: BalnaveK, NeillJ D, RussellC J, HarronD W, LeaheyW J, WilsonR, ShanksR G

Long duration of effect
Tachycardia reduction

Betaxolol significantly reduced exercise tachycardia with a longer duration of action than other beta-blockers. It had a long plasma elimination half-life.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Betaxolol and timolol. A comparison of efficacy and side effects.

Author: BerryD P, Van BuskirkE M, ShieldsM B

Lower intraocular pressure
Selective beta 1-blockade

Betaxolol and timolol were comparable in efficacy and side effects for treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

The favorable effect of topical betaxolol and timolol on glaucomatous visual fields: a 2-year follow-up study.

Author: Vainio-JylhäE, VuoriM L

Visual Field Protection

A randomized, double-blind study comparing the effects of betaxolol and timolol on visual fields in glaucoma patients did not find significant differences.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Betaxolol versus carvedilol in chronic heart failure (BETACAR study). Rationale and design.

Author: BöhlerS, SaubaduS, ScheldewaertR, FigullaH R

Slows down progression of left ventricular dilatation

Beta-blockers were previously thought to be contraindicated in heart failure due to their negative inotropic effects. However, there is growing evidence that beta-blockers may slow down the progression of heart failure. BETACAR is a comparative study investigating the benefits of beta-blockade with betaxolol versus carvedilol in chronic heart failure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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