Effective treatment of behcet's syndrome: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Many studies have investigated the effectiveness of various approaches to treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, and exercise therapy. 14 points out that the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological treatments in patients with ADHD and drug dependence are unclear. 6 is a pilot study that tested the hypothesis that transdermal nicotine would be effective for treating children and adolescents with ADHD. 1 assessed the experimental noradrenergic compound tomoxetine as an alternative treatment for adult ADHD. 8 presents a systematic review and economic model that assesses the clinical and cost-effectiveness of oral methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH), dexamfetaminesulphate (DEX), and atomoxetine (ATX) in children and adolescents (<18 years of age) diagnosed with ADHD (including hyperkinetic disorder). 3 is a controlled study that investigated the efficacy and tolerability of nortriptyline (NT) in treating pediatric ADHD. 13 is a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of integrated cognitive behavioral therapy for adult treatment-seeking substance use disorder patients with comorbid ADHD. 17 is a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that will evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in children and adolescents with ADHD. 25 explores the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating adults with ADHD. 22 is a randomized clinical trial that investigated the effects of cognitively and physically demanding exergaming on executive functions in children with ADHD. 21 is a randomized clinical trial that examined the effects of behavioral, psychostimulant, and combined treatments on homework problems in children with ADHD. 26 investigates the clinical effects of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with biofeedback in the treatment of preschool children with ADHD. 28 discusses the effectiveness of extended-release methylphenidate in adults with ADHD. 11 is a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment option for ADHD. 12 is a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that investigated treatment discontinuation with methylphenidate in adults with ADHD. 4 is a placebo-controlled study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of guanfacine in treating children with tic disorders and ADHD. 29 is a systematic review and meta-analysis that investigated the relationship between BDNF levels in ADHD before and after treatment with stimulants in childhood. 15 discusses the use of tricyclic antidepressants in children and adolescents with ADHD. 18 is a meta-analysis that investigated family risk factors for ADHD. 27 is a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed the efficacy of acupuncture in treating ADHD in children and adolescents. 5 is a randomized placebo-controlled study that assessed the efficacy of once-daily atomoxetine administration in treating children and adolescents with ADHD. 9 discusses the use of risperidone in people with intellectual disabilities and ADHD. 16 is a study that investigated the dynamics of behavioral indicators, attention, and memory in children with ADHD treated with noofen (capsules 250 mg). 10 discusses pharmacological treatment for ADHD in children with comorbid tic disorders. 7 discusses pharmacotherapy for adult ADHD. 23 discusses the use of bupropion in adults with ADHD. 20 is a systematic review that examined alternative pharmacological strategies for adult ADHD treatment. 2 evaluated the perceptions of children and their parents about stimulant medication treatment for ADHD. 19 is a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial that will investigate the effectiveness of cognitive computer training in children with ADHD. 24 discusses the use of methylphenidate in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Treatment Summary

Medication therapy, including methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and atomoxetine, is commonly used in ADHD treatment. 8 These drugs have been shown to be effective in improving attention, concentration, and impulsivity. However, medication therapy may have side effects such as decreased appetite, insomnia, anxiety, and tics. 8 Additionally, in cases where ADHD and drug dependence coexist, medication therapy should be carefully considered due to the uncertain effectiveness and safety. 14 Tricyclic antidepressants such as nortriptyline are sometimes used as a second-line treatment option for ADHD. 15 Alpha-2 agonists such as guanfacine are also used in ADHD treatment. 4 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise as a non-pharmacological treatment approach. 25 CBT aims to teach people techniques to control core ADHD symptoms by changing thoughts and behaviors that reinforce harmful effects of the disorder. Exergaming may improve executive functions in children. 22 Acupuncture may also be effective in treating ADHD. 11 27 It is crucial to select the appropriate treatment for each patient, considering their individual symptoms and circumstances.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

ADHD treatments may offer various benefits, such as improving attention, concentration, and impulsivity; enhancing academic performance; and improving social adaptability. 8 21 Exergaming may also improve executive functions in children. 22 CBT aims to teach people techniques to control core ADHD symptoms by changing thoughts and behaviors that reinforce harmful effects of the disorder. 25 Acupuncture may help alleviate ADHD symptoms. 11 27

Risk Summary

ADHD treatments may carry the risk of side effects. 8 Medication therapy can cause side effects such as decreased appetite, insomnia, anxiety, and tics. 8 In cases where ADHD and drug dependence coexist, medication therapy should be carefully considered. 14

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Multiple studies have investigated the effectiveness of medication and non-medication therapy for ADHD. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27 These studies suggest that choosing the right treatment for each patient, considering their individual symptoms and circumstances, is crucial.

Differences in Studies

Each study differs in its target age group, treatment method, and evaluation approach. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27 Therefore, directly comparing study results can be challenging.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

The study results exhibit both consistency and contradictions. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27 For example, medication therapy has been shown to be effective in improving attention, concentration, and impulsivity, but it also carries the risk of side effects. 8 Additionally, in cases where ADHD and drug dependence coexist, medication therapy should be carefully considered due to the uncertain effectiveness and safety. 14 Non-medication therapy can be promising but not effective for all patients. 25 22 11 27 It is crucial to comprehensively evaluate research results and select the appropriate treatment for each patient, considering their individual symptoms and circumstances.

Practical Application Notes

The effectiveness of ADHD treatments varies depending on the individual symptoms and circumstances of each patient. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27 Therefore, consulting a physician or specialist is essential when choosing a treatment approach. Additionally, it is crucial to monitor treatment effectiveness continuously and adjust treatment methods as needed.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research has several limitations. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27 For example, some studies have a small sample size or do not track treatment effectiveness over the long term. Additionally, differences in research methods and evaluation approaches make it challenging to directly compare study results.

Future Research Directions

Further research on ADHD treatment is necessary. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27 Research on ADHD and drug dependence, long-term treatment effectiveness, and developing optimal treatment methods tailored to individual symptoms and circumstances is particularly crucial.

Conclusion

ADHD treatments may be effective in improving attention, concentration, and impulsivity, but they can also carry the risk of side effects. 8 Consulting a physician or specialist is crucial when choosing a treatment. Continuously monitoring treatment effectiveness and adjusting treatment methods as needed is also essential. Future research is expected to provide further insights into ADHD treatment. 8 17 25 22 21 11 27

Treatment List

Medication Therapy: methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, atomoxetine, nortriptyline, guanfacine, risperidone, noofen Non-Medication Therapy: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exergaming, acupuncture

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
13
11
14
14
28
1.

Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: SpencerT, BiedermanJ, WilensT, PrinceJ, HatchM, JonesJ, HardingM, FaraoneS V, SeidmanL

ADHD symptom improvement
Well tolerated

Tomoxetine is effective and well-tolerated in treating adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term efficacy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Child and parent perceptions of stimulant medication treatment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: EfronD, JarmanF C, BarkerM J

Improved ADHD symptoms
Medication side effects

Stimulant medications are generally well-perceived by children with ADHD, but a significant minority experience adverse effects. Parental perceptions may not always reflect the child's experience.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

A controlled study of nortriptyline in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: PrinceJ B, WilensT E, BiedermanJ, SpencerT J, MillsteinR, PolisnerD A, BosticJ Q

Effective for ADHD and oppositionality
Weight gain

Nortriptyline (NT) effectively reduces symptoms of ADHD and oppositionality in children and adolescents. In a study of 35 patients, NT significantly reduced ADHD and oppositional symptoms. Robust dosing was well tolerated with minimal adverse events.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: ScahillL, ChappellP B, KimY S, SchultzR T, KatsovichL, ShepherdE, ArnstenA F, CohenD J, LeckmanJ F

Improved ADHD symptoms
Reduced tic severity
Sedation

Guanfacine was found to be a safe and effective treatment for children with tic disorders and ADHD. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, guanfacine was associated with a 37% improvement in ADHD symptoms, compared to an 8% improvement in the placebo group. Guanfacine also resulted in a 31% decrease in tic severity, compared to no change in the placebo group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Author: MichelsonDavid, AllenAlbert J, BusnerJoan, CasatCharles, DunnDavid, KratochvilChristopher, NewcornJeffrey, SalleeF Randy, SangalR Bart, SaylorKeith, WestScott, KelseyDouglas, WernickeJoachim, TrappNancy J, HarderDonald

Effective ADHD treatment
Sustained effects

Once-daily administration of atomoxetine is an effective treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. The treatment effect size was similar to those observed in previous atomoxetine studies that used twice-daily dosing.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

A pilot controlled trial of transdermal nicotine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Author: ShytleR Douglas, SilverArchie A, WilkinsonBerney J, SanbergPaul R

Reduced ADHD symptoms
Dizziness
Itching under patch
Nausea
Stomach ache

Transdermal nicotine may be a potentially useful strategy for the treatment of ADHD, but therapeutic uses of nicotine are limited due to side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Pharmacotherapy of adult ADHD.

Author: DodsonWilliam W

Adult ADHD treatment

While ADHD has been recognized in adults for decades, it's only recently been studied in this population. The symptoms of ADHD are very similar in children and adults, so many medication approaches used for children also work for adults. Stimulants remain the primary treatment and are generally as effective in adults as in children. Several long-acting formulations are available for greater convenience. Other medications are also discussed. Finding the right medication and dose requires trial and error, as there's no way to predict what will work best for each person.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

A systematic review and economic model of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and atomoxetine for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.

Author: KingS, GriffinS, HodgesZ, WeatherlyH, AsseburgC, RichardsonG, GolderS, TaylorE, DrummondM, RiemsmaR

Improved QoL
Reduced hyperactivity
Limited data on adverse effects

Methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, and atomoxetine were effective in reducing hyperactivity and improving quality of life in children with ADHD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Risperidone for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in people with intellectual disabilities.

Author: ThomsonAlex, MaltezosStefanos, PaliokostaElena, XenitidisKiriakos

ADHD treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly recognized in people with intellectual disability (ID), but treating ADHD in this population hasn't been well-studied. Risperidone has been used to treat ADHD in people with ID, but its effectiveness is unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Pharmacological treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders.

Author: PringsheimTamara, SteevesThomas

ADHD treatment

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition that often occurs alongside tic disorders in children. While ADHD symptoms can be treated with medications like stimulants, non-stimulants, and other types of medications, doctors have often been hesitant to use stimulants in children with both ADHD and tics, fearing that it might worsen the tics. This is despite the fact that ADHD symptoms can be more disruptive and require greater attention than the tics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

Acupuncture for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: LeeMyeong Soo, ChoiTae-Young, KimJong-In, KimLakhyung, ErnstEdzard

Acupuncture benefit
High risk of bias
Limited evidence

Three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigated the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating ADHD. One RCT found electroacupuncture (EA) plus behavioral treatment to be superior to sham EA plus behavioral treatment. Two RCTs showed a significant benefit of acupuncture or auricular acupuncture over conventional drug therapies. However, the risk of bias in these studies was high, so firm conclusions cannot be drawn.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Treatment discontinuation with methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Author: CastellsXavier, CunillRuth, CapellàDolors

Reduced ADHD symptoms
Higher discontinuation rate

Methylphenidate, despite reducing ADHD symptoms, did not demonstrate a significant advantage over placebo in terms of treatment discontinuation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Investigating the efficacy of integrated cognitive behavioral therapy for adult treatment seeking substance use disorder patients with comorbid ADHD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Author: van Emmerik-van OortmerssenKatelijne, VedelEllen, KoeterMaarten W, de BruijnKim, DekkerJack J M, van den BrinkWim, SchoeversRobert A

CBT for ADHD

ADHD and substance use disorders (SUD) often occur together and make both conditions more difficult to treat. Medications have not been very successful for treating ADHD in adults with SUD. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise for ADHD without SUD, it has not been studied in adults with both ADHD and SUD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with co-morbid drug dependence.

Author: CunillR, CastellsX, TobiasA, CapellàD

ADHD symptom reduction
No abstinence benefit
Treatment discontinuation

Pharmacological interventions for co-occurring ADHD and SUD improved ADHD symptoms, but did not show beneficial effects on drug abstinence or on treatment discontinuation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.

Author: OtasowieJohn, CastellsXavier, EhimareUmonoibalo P, SmithClare H

ADHD treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that starts in childhood and can continue into adulthood. It affects children's daily lives, relationships, and school performance. While tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are sometimes used to treat ADHD symptoms in children, their effectiveness is not clear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

[The results of the pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evaluation with neuropsychological methods].

Author: ZavadenkoN N, SuvorinovaN Iu

Improved attention
Improved cognitive function
Improved memory

Noofen treatment (15-20 mg/kg per day) improved cognitive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Russian

17.

The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: Catalá-LópezFerrán, HuttonBrian, Núñez-BeltránAmparo, MayhewAlain D, PageMatthew J, RidaoManuel, TobíasAurelio, CataláMiguel A, Tabarés-SeisdedosRafael, MoherDavid

ADHD treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition in children and teens, affecting healthcare systems and communities. This study examines the effectiveness and safety of both medication and non-medication treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

[A Meta analysis of family risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Author: ZhangYa-Feng, SunGui-Xiang

ADHD prevention

This meta-analysis investigated the risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in China. The study found that good parenting, a nuclear family, high education levels of parents, and a mother with extroversion were protective factors. Poor parental relationship and a family history of ADHD were risk factors.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : Chinese

19.

Cognitive computer training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus no intervention: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: BikicAida, LeckmanJames F, LindschouJane, ChristensenTorben Ø, DalsgaardSøren

ADHD treatment
Cognitive function improvement

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition that affects attention, impulsivity, and other cognitive skills. While medications can be helpful, many people still struggle with cognitive difficulties, and some don't respond to medication. New approaches, including cognitive training, are being investigated to address these issues. Cognitive training programs that focus on multiple cognitive skills, rather than just working memory or attention, may be more beneficial for children with ADHD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Alternative pharmacological strategies for adult ADHD treatment: a systematic review.

Author: BuoliMassimiliano, SeratiMarta, CahnWiepke

ADHD treatment
Amphetamine side effects

Adult ADHD is a common condition that can be disabling. While standard medications are helpful, they don't always work long-term, and some people don't respond well. This review examines alternative medications for ADHD. Amphetamines have shown the most effectiveness but can have serious side effects. Certain antidepressants may also be effective but should be avoided in people with bipolar disorder. Finally, metadoxine and lithium might be better options for those with alcohol misuse or bipolar disorder.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Improving homework performance among children with ADHD: A randomized clinical trial.

Author: MerrillBrittany M, MorrowAnne S, AltszulerAmy R, MacpheeFiona L, GnagyElizabeth M, GreinerAndrew R, ColesErika K, RaikerJoseph S, CoxeStefany, PelhamWilliam E

ADHD treatment

Children with ADHD have difficulty with schoolwork, especially completing homework. This study is the first to examine how behavioral therapy, stimulant medication, and a combination of these approaches affect homework problems, which are important for long-term academic success.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

Cognitively and physically demanding exergaming to improve executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised clinical trial.

Author: BenzingValentin, SchmidtMirko

ADHD treatment

ADHD is a common disorder in children and teens, affecting attention, impulsivity, and activity levels, which can lead to problems with schoolwork. While medications are helpful, there's interest in finding alternative treatments. Cognitive training is often used to improve executive functions, but these programs often lack variety and don't always transfer to real-life situations. New interventions that combine physical and cognitive challenges, targeting a broader range of skills, are needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults.

Author: VerbeeckWim, BekkeringGeertruida E, Van den NoortgateWim, KramersCornelis

ADHD treatment

ADHD is a common condition affecting attention, impulsivity, and activity levels, leading to difficulties in school and work. While stimulant medications are the usual treatment, not everyone responds well or tolerates them. Bupropion, a medication used for depression and smoking cessation, is sometimes used "off-label" (not officially approved) to treat ADHD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Author: SturmanNancy, DeckxLaura, van DrielMieke L

ASD treatment

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as difficulty paying attention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. This study examines the effectiveness of methylphenidate, a common medication for ADHD, in children with ASD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

25.

Cognitive-behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults.

Author: LopezPablo Luis, TorrenteFernando Manuel, CiapponiAgustín, LischinskyAlicia Graciela, Cetkovich-BakmasMarcelo, RojasJuan Ignacio, RomanoMarina, ManesFacundo F

ADHD treatment
CBT efficacy

ADHD is a condition that continues into adulthood, affecting attention, behavior, and emotions, leading to challenges with relationships, work, and school. While medication is often used, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is another potential treatment. CBT helps people change their thoughts and behaviors to manage ADHD symptoms, improve emotional well-being, and boost self-esteem. Research suggests that CBT can be effective, especially when combined with medication.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

26.

[Clinical effect of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with biofeedback in the treatment of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Author: HuangXin-Xin, OuPing, QianQin-Fang, HuangYan, YangShi-Wei, WangYan-Xia, HuangShan, WangZhang-Qiong, XieYan-Qin

Improved attention
Reduced hyperactivity

This study investigated the clinical effect of psychological and behavioral intervention combined with biofeedback in the treatment of preschool children with ADHD. This combination improved attention concentration and reduced impulsive/hyperactive and hyperactive symptoms. Treatment strategies differed slightly for children with different types of ADHD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

28.

Extended-release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults.

Author: BoesenKim, Paludan-MüllerAsger Sand, GøtzschePeter C, JørgensenKarsten Juhl

Improved ADHD symptoms
Adverse effects

Extended-release methylphenidate compared to placebo improved ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD, but the certainty of the evidence was very low due to high risk of bias and limitations in generalizability. The benefits and harms of extended-release methylphenidate remain uncertain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

29.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in children and adolescents before and after stimulant use a systematic review and metanalysis.

Author: de LuccaMarina Silva, PimentelMaria Eduarda Oliveira, RaimundoCleuberton Kenedy Oliveira, HenriquesBruno David, MoreiraTiago Ricardo, CardosoSílvia Almeida, de MirandaDébora Marques

ADHD treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder that can affect learning, social skills, and school performance. A brain chemical called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a role in ADHD and how well stimulant medications work. This review will examine research on BDNF levels in children with ADHD before and after treatment with stimulants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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