Effects of bexarotene topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Bexarotene is a synthetic retinoid analog that selectively activates retinoid X receptors. 1 It has been shown to be effective in treating cutaneous lesions in patients with early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). 1 Bexarotene gel is generally well tolerated and offers patients greater convenience compared with traditional skin-directed therapies. 1 Bexarotene is also approved for the treatment of all stages of CTCL in patients refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy. 9 Bexarotene has been shown to prevent mammary tumors in mouse models. 19 A phase I study evaluated topical bexarotene as a potential chemoprevention agent in women at high risk for breast cancer. 19 Bexarotene has been shown to be effective in combination with narrowband UVB phototherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. 8 Bexarotene has been used in combination with PUVA therapy to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 17 However, the dosage of bexarotene used in these combination regimens has been variable. 14 Bexarotene gel is also being investigated as a potential treatment for alopecia areata. 6 Bexarotene is a promising new treatment option for a variety of skin conditions. 4 Bexarotene gel is a good alternative to other topical agents for treating mycosis fungoides. 24

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Bexarotene gel is a safe and effective treatment option for early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 1 Bexarotene has also been shown to be effective in combination with narrowband UVB phototherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. 8 Bexarotene gel may also provide a safe adjunctive therapy for individual lesions that are refractory to other agents. 12 Bexarotene gel is being investigated as a potential treatment for alopecia areata. 6

Risk Summary

Bexarotene may cause hyperlipidemia, central hypothyroidism, and neutropenia. 10 Bexarotene gel may cause irritant dermatitis. 10 Oral bexarotene is toxic, so oral administration should be avoided. 19

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Most studies have found that bexarotene is effective in treating cutaneous lesions in patients with early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 1 、 9 、 15 、 2 Bexarotene is generally well tolerated. 1 、 9 、 15 Bexarotene is being studied in combination with other therapies to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 12 、 17 、 14

Differences Between Studies

There is some variation in the efficacy and side effects of bexarotene. 9 、 15 More research is needed to determine the optimal dose of bexarotene. 25 、 11 Bexarotene may cause hyperlipidemia, central hypothyroidism, and neutropenia. 10 、 11 Bexarotene gel may cause irritant dermatitis. 10 Bexarotene has been shown to prevent mammary tumors in mouse models. 19 However, oral bexarotene is toxic, so oral administration should be avoided. 19

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

While the studies have shown that bexarotene is effective in treating cutaneous lesions in patients with early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, there are some inconsistencies in the results of the studies. 1 、 9 、 15 、 2 The optimal dose of bexarotene remains to be determined. 25 、 11 It is important to note that bexarotene can cause a variety of side effects. 10 、 11 Bexarotene is a promising new treatment option for a variety of skin conditions, but more research is needed to fully understand its efficacy and safety. 4

Caveats in Applying Results to Real Life

While bexarotene gel is a safe and effective treatment option for early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits before starting treatment. 1 、 11 Bexarotene may cause hyperlipidemia, central hypothyroidism, and neutropenia. 10 Bexarotene gel may cause irritant dermatitis. 10 It is important to discuss these risks with your doctor and to monitor your health closely while taking bexarotene. 11

Limitations of Current Research

More research is needed to determine the optimal dose of bexarotene. 25 、 11 Bexarotene has been studied in combination with other therapies to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but more research is needed to determine the most effective combinations. 12 、 17 、 14 More research is also needed to understand the potential preventative effects of bexarotene. 19

Future Research Directions

More research is needed to determine the optimal dose of bexarotene. 25 、 11 Bexarotene should be tested in combination with interferon-alfa or other therapies such as photopheresis, psoralen-ultraviolet A, and methotrexate and for maintenance after total body skin electron beam. 12 More research is also needed to understand the potential preventative effects of bexarotene. 19

Conclusion

Bexarotene is a promising new treatment option for a variety of skin conditions. 4 Bexarotene gel is a safe and effective treatment option for early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 1 Bexarotene has also been shown to be effective in combination with narrowband UVB phototherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. 8 Bexarotene gel is being investigated as a potential treatment for alopecia areata. 6 It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of bexarotene with your doctor before starting treatment. 11

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
3
1
1
9
25
1.

Bexarotene gel: a new skin-directed treatment option for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

Author: MartinAnn G

Treatment of CTCL

This study reviewed the use of bexarotene gel in the treatment of early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Bexarotene gel has demonstrated efficacy for the topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in patients with stage IA or IB CTCL and is generally well tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Long-term control of mycosis fungoides of the hands with topical bexarotene.

Author: LainTed, TalpurRakhshandra, DuvicMadeleine

Mycosis fungoides treatment

Topical bexarotene, a novel synthetic rexinoid, was found to be effective in the treatment of mycosis fungoides skin lesions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Systemic retinoids for chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancer in high-risk patients.

Author: MarquezChristina, BairSarah M, SmithbergerErica, CherpelisBasil S, GlassL Frank

Non-melanoma skin cancer prevention

This review discusses the use of oral retinoids, including vitamin A and synthetics such as isotretinoin, for chemoprophylaxis of non-melanoma skin cancer in high-risk patients, particularly those receiving immunosuppressive medications. The review also mentions anecdotal evidence supporting the efficacy of bexarotene for chemoprevention.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Retinoids--which dermatological indications will benefit in the near future?

Author: ZouboulisC C

Acne treatment
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treatment
Hypovitaminosis A treatment
Kaposi's sarcoma treatment
Leukemia treatment
Photoaging treatment
Psoriasis treatment

Retinoids are a class of compounds with diverse functions and a selective targeting of skin structures. This abstract provides an overview of retinoids, including their mechanism of action, clinical applications, and future development.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

New and experimental skin-directed therapies for cutaneous lymphomas.

Author: FarkasArpad, KemenyLajos, FrenchLars E, DummerReinhard

Cutaneous lymphoma treatment
Symptom relief
Adverse events
Limited cure

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare diseases with no definitive cure. Local therapies, including topical agents and new developments such as gene therapy and photodynamic therapy, are used to control the disease and alleviate symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Phase I/II randomized bilateral half-head comparison of topical bexarotene 1% gel for alopecia areata.

Author: TalpurRakhshandra, VuJenny, BassettRoland, StevensVictor, DuvicMadeleine

Hair regrowth
Skin irritation

Topical bexarotene 1% gel is well tolerated and may be effective in treating alopecia areata. A randomized placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm these findings.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, bilateral comparison trial of bexarotene gel 1% versus vehicle gel in combination with narrowband UVB phototherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris.

Author: MaglioccoMelissa Amy, PandyaKomal, DombrovskiyViktor, ChristiansenLinda, WongYuk, GottliebAlice Bendix

Bexarotene gel psoriasis treatment

This study compared bexarotene gel 1% with narrowband UVB (NBUVB) phototherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis. Bexarotene gel 1%/NBUVB was significantly more effective than placebo/NBUVB.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Bexarotene ligand pharmaceuticals.

Author: HurstR E

CTCL treatment
Skin reactions

Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective antitumor retinoid, is approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Both oral capsules and topical gel formulations are available. The drug has shown promising efficacy and a manageable side effect profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Bexarotene and DAB(389)IL-2 (denileukin diftitox, ONTAK) in treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: algorithms.

Author: DuvicM

Improved quality of life
Reduced T-cell infiltrates
Capillary leak syndrome
Side effects

This article reviews three new highly effective agents in the armamentarium for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: bexarotene gel, bexarotene capsules, and DAB(389)IL-2.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Interventions for mycosis fungoides.

Author: ValipourArash, JägerManuel, WuPeggy, SchmittJochen, BunchCharles, WeberschockTobias

MF treatment

This Cochrane Review updates a 2012 review on mycosis fungoides (MF), a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The update assesses new trials, including those investigating novel interventions. Several therapies are available, but they may only induce temporary clinical remission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Safety and efficacy of low-dose bexarotene and PUVA in the treatment of patients with mycosis fungoides.

Author: PapadavidEvangelia, AntoniouChristina, NikolaouVassiliki, SiakantarisMarina, VassilakopoulosTheodoros P, StratigosAlexandros, StavrianeasNikolaos, KatsambasAndreas

MF treatment

Bexarotene is a new medication that can help treat mycosis fungoides, a type of skin cancer. It has been used in combination with other treatments like PUVA therapy, but the dosage used has varied.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Topical bexarotene therapy for patients with refractory or persistent early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: results of the phase III clinical trial.

Author: HealdPeter, MehlmauerMarilyn, MartinAnn G, CrowleyConstance A, YocumRichard C, ReichSteven D,

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma response
Skin irritation

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical bexarotene gel 1% in patients with refractory or persistent early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The study found that topical bexarotene gel was generally well tolerated and demonstrated substantial efficacy, with an overall response rate of 54%.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Current treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.

Author: DuvicM

CTCL treatment
Retinoid therapy

This review discusses cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, their rising incidence, potential environmental triggers, and current therapies with an emphasis on the use of bexarotene.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Treatment planning in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Author: VonderheidEric C

Effective CTCL management
Side effects of treatment

This article provides a guide for dermatologists in private practice on the effective long-term management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). It emphasizes the use of skin-directed therapies, such as topical nitrogen mustard or photochemotherapy, for clinically early disease, and systemic therapies, like interferon alfa, bexarotene, methotrexate, or extracorporeal photopheresis, for more advanced disease.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Phase I Dose Escalation Study of Topical Bexarotene in Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer.

Author: ThomasParijatham S, PatelAnisha B, LeeJ Jack, LiuDiane D, HernandezMike, MuzzioMiguel, ContrerasAlejandro, SepedaValerie, MaysCarrie, WeberDiane, VornikLana A, KhanSeema A, DimondEileen, Heckman-StoddardBrandy M, PerloffMarjorie, BrownPowel H

Breast cancer prevention

This phase I study evaluates topical bexarotene, a rexinoid with potential chemoprevention activity, for safety and toxicity in high-risk women for breast cancer.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

The Use of Retinoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: An Updated Review.

Author: RamchatesinghBrandon, Martínez VillarrealAmelia, ArcuriDomenico, LagacéFrançois, SetahSamy Abu, ToumaFadi, Al-BadarinFaris, LitvinovIvan V

NMSC prevention
NMSC treatment

This review discusses the use of retinoids, natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives, in the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). The review outlines the role of retinoids in skin physiology and pathology and highlights their effectiveness in suppressing skin cancer development.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Phase 1 and 2 trial of bexarotene gel for skin-directed treatment of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Author: BrenemanDebra, DuvicMadeleine, KuzelTimothy, YocumRichard, TrugliaJoseph, StevensVictor J

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treatment
Skin irritation

Topical bexarotene gel was well tolerated and effective in treating patients with early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Modulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor Subtypes by 5- and 8-Substituted (Naphthalen-2-yl)-based Arotinoids.

Author: ÁlvarezSusana, LiebMichele, MartínezClaudio, KhanwalkarHarshal, Rodríguez-BarriosFátima, ÁlvarezRosana, GronemeyerHinrich, de LeraAngel R

APL treatment
CTCL treatment

This study investigated the activity of a new series of compounds as modulators of retinoid receptors (RARs), which play important roles in various biological processes. The study found that some of the compounds acted as RARβ subtype agonists, while others were dual RARβ/RARα antagonists. The findings suggest that these compounds may have therapeutic potential in treating conditions such as acute promyelocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Novel treatment of chronic severe hand dermatitis with bexarotene gel.

Author: HanifinJ M, StevensV, ShethP, BrenemanD

Reduced hand dermatitis

Topical corticosteroids are effective for milder forms of hand dermatitis, but their effectiveness often diminishes over time and they can cause skin atrophy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Woringer-Kolopp (Pagetoid Reticulosis) disease successful response to bexarotene gel.

Author: LedetJohnathan, GroysmanVlada, SamiNaveed

Treats CTCL

This report describes three cases of Woringer-Kolopp (WK), a rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, that responded effectively to bexarotene 1% gel.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

Optimizing bexarotene therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Author: TalpurRakhshandra, WardStaci, ApisarnthanaraxNarin, Breuer-MchamJoan, DuvicMadeleine

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treatment
Hypertriglyceridemia

Bexarotene, a retinoid used for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, has a response rate of 45% at the optimal dose. Hypertriglyceridemia is a common side effect, often requiring the use of lipid-lowering agents such as statins.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

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