Side Effects of cetirizine: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine widely used to suppress allergic symptoms. Multiple studies have shown that cetirizine is effective in improving allergic symptoms, but some side effects have been reported. 25 states that cetirizine has few side effects, but 23 reports that cetirizine can cause side effects such as fixed drug eruption. 16 suggests that cetirizine may have cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes. 7 shows that cetirizine has a stronger mast cell stabilizing effect than diphenhydramine. 13 reports that cetirizine is effective in treating alopecia induced by palbociclib.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of cetirizine can be caused by how the drug acts in the body or by reactions in a specific individual. Cetirizine suppresses allergic symptoms by blocking the action of a chemical called histamine in the body. Histamine causes allergic symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. Cetirizine blocks histamine to reduce these symptoms. However, cetirizine may affect other reactions in the body by blocking histamine. This can cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

Drowsiness

Cetirizine can cause drowsiness and fatigue. 24 shows that cetirizine may affect driving ability. Therefore, if you are taking cetirizine, you should avoid driving or operating machinery and take safety precautions.

Dry Mouth

Cetirizine can cause dry mouth. This is because cetirizine inhibits saliva secretion.

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Cetirizine can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach ache, nausea, constipation, and diarrhea.

Skin Side Effects

Cetirizine can cause skin side effects such as rash, itching, and hives. 23 reports that cetirizine can cause fixed drug eruption. Fixed drug eruption is a condition where a rash repeatedly appears in the same location. If you experience a rash after taking cetirizine, consult a doctor.

Others

Cetirizine can cause side effects such as dizziness, headache, and muscle pain.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Drowsiness

If you experience severe drowsiness from taking cetirizine, you should consult a doctor to reduce your dosage or change your medication. Also, you should avoid driving or operating machinery and take safety precautions.

Dry Mouth

Taking cetirizine can cause dry mouth. You should drink plenty of fluids. Chewing gum is also effective.

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Taking cetirizine can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach ache and nausea. Taking it after meals can reduce the burden on your stomach.

Skin Side Effects

Taking cetirizine may cause skin side effects such as rash and hives. If the symptoms are severe, consult a doctor.

Comparison between Studies

Common Points of Studies

Many studies have shown that cetirizine is effective in improving allergic symptoms. However, some studies have reported that cetirizine can cause side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and gastrointestinal side effects.

Differences between Studies

The type and severity of cetirizine side effects vary from study to study. 23 reports that cetirizine can cause fixed drug eruption, but this side effect has not been reported in other studies. Additionally, 16 suggests that cetirizine may have cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes, but this side effect has not been reported in other studies.

Points to Note about Applying to Real Life

Cetirizine is widely used to improve allergic symptoms. However, because cetirizine can cause side effects such as drowsiness, you should avoid tasks that require caution, such as driving or operating machinery. Also, it is important to consult your doctor before taking cetirizine and understand the risks of side effects.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of cetirizine is still insufficient. In particular, further research is needed on the long-term effects of cetirizine. It is also necessary to consider the possibility that the side effects of cetirizine may vary from person to person.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed on the side effects of cetirizine. In particular, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of long-term effects, individual differences, and the mechanisms of side effects.

Conclusion

Cetirizine is an effective medication for improving allergic symptoms, but it can cause side effects such as drowsiness. If you are taking cetirizine, understand the risks of side effects, consult your doctor, and take it safely.

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
4
Article Type
4
1
2
0
22
1.

Novel H<sub>2</sub>S-Releasing Bifunctional Antihistamine Molecules with Improved Antipruritic and Reduced Sedative Actions.

Author: AntoniadouIvi, GeorgiouMaria, DotsikasYannis, LamprouAlexandra, LougiakisNikolaos, PouliNicole, KarousisNikolaos, LoukasYannis, TsetiIoulia, MarakosPanagiotis, PapapetropoulosAndreas

Antipruritic efficacy
Sedative effects

Bifunctional molecules with antihistamine and H2S-releasing pharmacophores were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo to test whether a combination of an antihistamine with a H2S donor has improved antipruritic efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Urinary retention and mydriasis secondary to topical glycopyrronium for axillary hyperhidrosis.

Author: GreenHolly Hoshall, RayLance, BuchananJennie, MatslerNikolaus

Dermatologic treatment
Adverse effect profile

Glycopyrronium tosylate (GT), an antimuscarinic drug used topically in dermatology, has a notable adverse effect profile and patients should be counseled on potential risks before starting treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Comparative Safety Profiles of Individual Second-Generation H1-Antihistamines for the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: ChaichanWasuchon, RuengornChidchanok, ThavornKednapa, HuttonBrian, SzepietowskiJacek C, BernsteinJonathan A, ChuamanochanMati, NochaiwongSurapon

CNS side effects

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the safety profiles of different second-generation H1-antihistamines for treating chronic urticaria. The study found that there were variations in safety profiles among the drugs, with some being associated with a higher risk of central nervous system side effects and other adverse events. The study concluded that healthcare providers should consider the individual safety profiles of different H1-antihistamines when choosing a treatment for chronic urticaria.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Diphenhydramine: Time to Move on?

Author: WolfsonAnna R, WongDennis, AbramsElissa M, WasermanSusan, SussmanGordon L

Antihistamine effect
Sedation
Toxicity

This article argues that diphenhydramine, a widely used antihistamine, should be replaced with newer, safer alternatives like second-generation antihistamines, due to its undesirable side effects and availability of more favorable options.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Optimization, in vitro release and toxicity evaluation of novel pH sensitive itaconic acid-g-poly(acrylamide)/sterculia gum semi-interpenetrating networks.

Author: RehmanFauzia, KhanIkram Ullah, KhalidSyed Haroon, AsgharSajid, IrfanMuhammad, KhalidIkrima, RasulAkhtar, MahmoodHuma, YousafAbid Mehmood, ShahzadYasser, MudassarMuhammad, MohsinNoor Ul Amin

Increased drug concentration
Reduced side effects

This abstract highlights the potential of pH sensitive polymeric carriers for oral drug delivery, specifically for cetirizine HCl, to maximize drug concentration at the absorption site and minimize side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Efficacy and Safety of Up-dosing Antihistamines in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Author: Iriarte SotésP, ArmisénM, Usero-BárcenaT, Rodriguez FernándezA, Otero RivasM M, GonzalezM T, Meijide CalderónA, VeleiroB,

Urticaria treatment

This study reviews the clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of higher-than-licensed dosage of second-generation oral antihistamines in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

A new treatment of alopecia induced by palbociclib: Topical cetirizine.

Author: CaroGemma, FortunaMaria C, MagriFrancesca, FedericoAlessandro, CarlesimoMarta, RossiAlfredo

Alopecia improvement
Alopecia

Topical cetirizine was effective in improving alopecia in a 70-year-old woman with breast cancer who was receiving Palbociclib, a CDK 4/6 inhibitor.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Paediatric severe chronic spontaneous urticaria: successful management through conventional drug therapy.

Author: PoddigheDimitri, BrambillaIlaria, LicariAmelia, MarsegliaGian Luigi

CSU management
Steroid side effects

A child with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) without atopy or allergic sensitization was successfully treated with conventional therapy including systemic steroids, cetirizine, an anti-leukotriene drug, and dietary restriction. Steroid treatment required a protracted course with very slow tapering. This approach was successful but careful follow-up is necessary due to potential steroid side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Effects of levocetirizine and diphenhydramine on regional glucose metabolic changes and hemodynamic responses in the human prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks.

Author: KikuchiAsuka, NasirFairuz Binti Mohammadi, InamiAkie, MohsenAttayeb, WatanukiShoichi, MiyakeMasayasu, TakedaKazuko, KoikeDaigo, ItoTakayasu, SasakawaJunpei, MatsudaRin, HiraokaKotaro, MaurerMarcus, YanaiKazuhiko, WatabeHiroshi, TashiroManabu

Antihistamine efficacy
Antihistamine side effects
Cognitive impairment

Antihistamines, especially diphenhydramine, may disrupt the physiological coupling between metabolism and perfusion in the brain, potentially leading to increased energy demands and suppressed vascular permeability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Management of flu-like syndrome with cetirizine in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during therapy with interferon beta: Results of a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled pilot study.

Author: LandiDoriana, AlbaneseMaria, ButtariFabio, MonteleoneFabrizia, BoffaLaura, RossiSilvia, MottaCaterina, PumaElisa, CentonzeDiego

Improved IFNβ tolerance

This study hypothesized that cetirizine, a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, might improve interferon beta (IFNβ)-induced flu-like syndrome (FLS) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ebastine 20 mg, Ebastine 10 mg and Levocetirizine 5 mg in Acute Urticaria.

Author: GoyalVippan, GuptaAnu, GuptaOnam, LalDhruvendra, GillManharan

Urticaria treatment

Second-generation non-sedating H1 antihistamines are often used as first-line treatment for acute and chronic urticaria.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Fixed drug eruption due to levocetirizine.

Author: JhajRatinder, AsatiDinesh Prasad, ChaudharyDeepa

FDE
Scabies

This case report describes a 49-year-old male patient with scabies who developed a fixed drug eruption (FDE) due to levocetirizine. The patient had a history of cetirizine induced FDE in the past.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

24.

A simulated car-driving study on the effects of acute administration of levocetirizine, fexofenadine, and diphenhydramine in healthy Japanese volunteers.

Author: InamiAkie, MatsudaRin, GroboschThomas, KomamuraHiroshi, TakedaKazuko, YamadaYusuke, MiyakeMasayasu, HiraokaKotaro, MaurerMarcus, YanaiKazuhiko, TashiroManabu

No sedative effects

This study evaluated the sedative effects of levocetirizine, a new-generation antihistamine, in healthy Japanese subjects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Novel levocetirizine HCl tablets with enhanced palatability: synergistic effect of combining taste modifiers and effervescence technique.

Author: LabibGihan S

Effervescent tablets
Taste-masking

This study investigated the taste-masking effect of different ratios of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and mannitol on levocetirizine HCl. The study found that both inclusion complex formation and solid dispersion techniques were effective in masking the taste of levocetirizine HCl. The study also investigated the feasibility of preparing effervescent tablets from the taste-masked blends.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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