Side Effects of chlorthalidone: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Chlorthalidone is a widely used diuretic medication for treating high blood pressure. 10 、 24 、 18 Studies have shown that chlorthalidone can effectively lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with high blood pressure. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 It may be considered a more effective option than other types of blood pressure medications. 24 、 18 However, chlorthalidone can also have side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of chlorthalidone are primarily linked to its impact on electrolyte balance in the body. 10 Chlorthalidone works by promoting the excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys. 10 This process can disrupt electrolyte balance, potentially leading to various side effects.

Common Side Effects

Hypokalemia

Chlorthalidone can cause a decrease in potassium levels in the body. 10 、 17 、 1 This can lead to symptoms such as irregular heartbeat and muscle weakness. 10 、 17 、 1

Hyponatremia

Chlorthalidone can also lower sodium levels in the body. 10 、 1 Low sodium can result in symptoms like dehydration and fatigue. 10 、 1

Hyperuricemia

Chlorthalidone can interfere with the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys, leading to elevated uric acid levels in the blood. 17 、 11 This can increase the risk of developing gout. 17 、 11

Hyperglycemia

Chlorthalidone can increase blood sugar levels. 17 、 25 Individuals with diabetes should carefully monitor their blood sugar levels while taking chlorthalidone. 17 、 25

Hyperlipidemia

Chlorthalidone may raise cholesterol levels. 17 、 7 、 25 People with high cholesterol levels should be aware of this potential side effect and manage their cholesterol levels accordingly. 17 、 7 、 25

Other Side Effects

Chlorthalidone can also cause side effects such as dizziness, headaches, and fatigue. 10 、 17 、 1 、 7 In some cases, it may also cause sexual dysfunction or skin rash. 17 、 27 、 6 These side effects typically resolve upon discontinuation of the medication. 17 、 27 、 6

Side Effects Management

Hypokalemia

To manage hypokalemia, individuals may need to increase potassium intake through diet or potassium supplements. 10 、 17 、 1 It is crucial to follow a doctor's guidance for appropriate management. 10 、 17 、 1

Hyponatremia

To address hyponatremia, individuals should prioritize hydration and potentially adjust their sodium intake. 10 、 1 Consulting a doctor for appropriate management is crucial. 10 、 1

Hyperuricemia

Managing hyperuricemia may involve taking medications to lower uric acid levels and limiting the consumption of foods high in purines. 17 、 11 Following a doctor's recommendations for management is essential. 17 、 11

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia management can include taking blood sugar-lowering medications and incorporating dietary and exercise modifications. 17 、 25 Following a doctor's guidance for effective management is critical. 17 、 25

Hyperlipidemia

Managing hyperlipidemia may involve taking cholesterol-lowering medications and making dietary and exercise changes. 17 、 7 、 25 Consulting a doctor for appropriate management is crucial. 17 、 7 、 25

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have shown that chlorthalidone is effective in treating high blood pressure. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7 Additionally, studies have indicated that chlorthalidone can lower the risk of cardiovascular events compared to other blood pressure medications. 28 、 17 、 8 However, chlorthalidone also carries the risk of side effects.

Differences

While chlorthalidone has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events compared to other blood pressure medications, 28 、 17 、 8 the extent of this benefit can vary depending on the study. 28 、 17 、 8 Moreover, the types and severity of side effects associated with chlorthalidone can also differ between studies. 17 、 7 、 25 These variations may be attributed to factors like participant age, health status, study design, and dosage of the medication. 17 、 7 、 25

Real-World Application Considerations

Chlorthalidone is an effective medication for treating high blood pressure, but it carries the risk of side effects. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7 Therefore, when considering chlorthalidone, consulting with a doctor to determine the most suitable medication and dosage for your individual needs is crucial. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7 If you experience any changes in your health while taking chlorthalidone, consult your doctor promptly. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7

Limitations of Current Research

Research on chlorthalidone side effects is not yet exhaustive. 17 、 7 、 25 Consequently, the full range, severity, and frequency of side effects associated with chlorthalidone remain to be fully understood. 17 、 7 、 25 Furthermore, the side effects that chlorthalidone may induce when combined with other medications require more extensive investigation. 17 、 7 、 25

Future Research Directions

Further research on chlorthalidone side effects is necessary. 17 、 7 、 25 Specifically, research focusing on identifying the types, severity, and frequency of side effects associated with chlorthalidone is crucial. 17 、 7 、 25 Additionally, further research is needed to investigate the side effects that chlorthalidone may cause when used in combination with other medications. 17 、 7 、 25

Conclusion

Chlorthalidone is a valuable medication for treating high blood pressure, but it's important to be aware of potential side effects. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7 Consulting with a doctor to determine the right medication and dosage for your individual needs is crucial. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7 Be sure to inform your doctor about any changes in your health while taking chlorthalidone. 10 、 24 、 18 、 28 、 17 、 8 、 2 、 7

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Hypertension control
1
CVD risk reduction
Mortality risk reduction
3
Treats hypertension
4
Lower blood pressure
7
Hypertension treatment
8
Hypertension treatment
9
Blood pressure reduction
Cardiovascular risk reduction
10
Blood pressure control
Hyperuricemia reduction
11
None mentioned
12
Hypertension Treatment
13
Superior BP-lowering efficacy
14
Hypertension Treatment
15
Blood pressure reduction
Heart failure treatment
16
Blood pressure reduction
17
Hypertension treatment
18
Blood pressure control
19
Blood pressure reduction
Endothelial function preservation
21
Cardiovascular outcome improvement
Hypertension treatment
22
Reduced blood pressure
23
Reduced morbidity
Reduced mortality
24
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity
Reduced cardiovascular mortality
25
Hypertension treatment cost-effectiveness
26
Blood pressure control
Heart failure treatment
Reduced side effects
27
Easy administration
Few side effects
Low cost
Prevention of cardiovascular events
28
Improved diastolic function
Reduced LV hypertrophy
29
Risk Keywords
Acute kidney injury
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatremia
Volume depletion
1
Cardiovascular events
EGR decline
Hypokalemia
2
Adverse events
3
Lithium side effects
5
Angle-closure glaucoma
Uveal effusion
6
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
7
Metabolic side effects
8
Side effects
9
Electrolyte abnormalities
10
Inferior to other thiazides
12
Electrolyte Abnormalities
13
Metabolic Alterations
15
Hyperkalemia
Sexual side effects
16
Electrolyte changes
Impotence
Metabolic abnormalities
17
Side effects
18
Drug unavailability
20
Metabolic abnormality
Oxidative stress
21
Increased sympathetic activity
Insulin resistance
23
Metabolic effects
Side effects
24
Glucose and lipid profile alterations
Hypokalemia
Increased diabetes risk
25
Sexual side effects
27
Metabolic effects
28
Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
23
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
4
Article Type
6
1
1
14
27
1.

Thiazide diuretics are back in CKD: the case of chlorthalidone.

Author: MinutoloRoberto, De NicolaLuca, MallamaciFrancesca, ZoccaliCarmine

Hypertension control
Acute kidney injury
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatremia
Volume depletion

This review appraises published randomized trials of thiazide diuretics in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Despite long-held beliefs about their limited efficacy in advanced CKD, thiazides may be useful in this population, especially for treatment-resistant hypertension.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Safety Associated With Chlorthalidone vs Hydrochlorothiazide in Older Adults With Varying Levels of Kidney Function.

Author: EdwardsCedric, HundemerGregory L, PetrcichWilliam, CanneyMark, KnollGreg, BurnsKevin, BugejaAnn, SoodManish M

Cardiovascular events
EGR decline
Hypokalemia

This study compared the safety and clinical outcomes of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in older adults with varying kidney function. Chlorthalidone was associated with a higher risk of eGFR decline, cardiovascular events, and hypokalemia compared to hydrochlorothiazide. However, the risk of hypokalemia was lower in participants with reduced kidney function. These findings suggest that there is no evidence to prefer chlorthalidone over hydrochlorothiazide.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Patient Selection for Intensive Blood Pressure Management Based on Benefit and Adverse Events.

Author: BressAdam P, GreeneTom, DeringtonCatherine G, ShenJincheng, XuYizhe, ZhangYiyi, YingJian, BellowsBrandon K, CushmanWilliam C, WheltonPaul K, PajewskiNicholas M, ReboussinDavid, BedduSrinivasan, HessRachel, HerrickJennifer S, ZhangZugui, KolmPaul, YehRobert W, BasuSanjay, WeintraubWilliam S, MoranAndrew E,

CVD risk reduction
Mortality risk reduction
Adverse events

SPRINT participants with higher baseline predicted cardiovascular disease risk gained greater absolute benefit from intensive treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

4.

Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Azilsartan Medoxomil Alone or in Combination With Chlorthalidone in the Management of Hypertension: A Systematic Review.

Author: KatsiVasiliki, MichalakeasChristos, SoulaidopoulosStergios, AntonopoulosAlexios S, VlachopoulosCharalambos, TousoulisDimitris, TsioufisKonstantinos

Treats hypertension

The safety and tolerability of azilsartan medoxomil (AZM) alone and in combination with chlorthalidone (CLD) were evaluated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Lithium, an old friend and a forgotten enemy.

Author: FigueiredoCátia, LemosJoana

Lithium side effects

Lithium, a medication used to treat bipolar disorder, can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI), a condition characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. A 69-year-old woman with bipolar disorder who had been taking lithium for 12 years developed DI after psychiatric decompensation. She recovered after lithium suspension, hydration, and chlorthalidone. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for lithium to cause DI, especially in patients with severe bipolar disease or precarious response to alternative treatments.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

[Bilateral effusion syndrome induced by chlorthalidon].

Author: WinterGelareh, SchaudigUlrich, StemplewitzBirthe

Angle-closure glaucoma
Uveal effusion

This case report describes a patient who developed uveal effusion and angle-closure glaucoma after starting chlorthalidone, a diuretic. Discontinuing the medication resolved these symptoms, highlighting the potential for chlorthalidone to cause uveal effusion.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

7.

Comparison of thiazide-like diuretics versus thiazide-type diuretics: a meta-analysis.

Author: LiangWenjing, MaHui, CaoLuxi, YanWenjiang, YangJingjing

Lower blood pressure
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia

This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and side effects of thiazide-type diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) and thiazide-like diuretics (indapamide and chlorthalidone) in treating hypertension. The study concludes that thiazide-like diuretics are more effective in reducing blood pressure without increasing the risk of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or changes in blood glucose and serum total cholesterol.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

[All diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension are not the same].

Author: AsilSerkan, AtalarEnver

Hypertension treatment
Metabolic side effects

Chlorthalidone and indapamide are superior choices for treating hypertension compared to hydrochlorothiazide. While all three are often categorized as thiazide diuretics, studies show chlorthalidone and indapamide have more significant blood pressure reductions, better cardiovascular outcomes, and a lower risk of metabolic side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Turkish

9.

Diuretics in primary hypertension - Reloaded.

Author: MishraSundeep

Hypertension treatment
Side effects

Diuretics have long been used for treating hypertension. This study discusses the benefits and limitations of diuretics, particularly low-dose thiazide diuretics, indapamide, and chlorthalidone, in treating uncomplicated primary hypertension.

EditorialAn article in which the editor or publisher expresses their opinion or perspective on a particular topic or issue. Its purpose is to convey a specific message or idea to the reader.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

The effect of the addition of allopurinol on blood pressure control in African Americans treated with a thiazide-like diuretic.

Author: SegalMark S, SrinivasTitte R, MohandasRajesh, ShusterJonathan J, WenXuerong, WhiddenElaine, TantravahiJogiRaju, JohnsonRichard J

Blood pressure control
Hyperuricemia reduction

This study examined the effectiveness of chlorthalidone, a thiazide-type diuretic, with or without allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, in African Americans with Stage 1 hypertension. Chlorthalidone alone effectively controlled blood pressure, and allopurinol tended to improve blood pressure but the difference was not statistically significant.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Hydrochlorothiazide is not the most useful nor versatile thiazide diuretic.

Author: VongpatanasinWanpen

None mentioned
Inferior to other thiazides

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was found to be less potent in lowering blood pressure and had a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared to other thiazide diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone (CTD) and indapamide. CTD and indapamide should be preferred over HCTZ in most hypertensive patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Evidence-based diuretics: focus on chlorthalidone and indapamide.

Author: DiNicolantonioJames J, BhutaniJaikrit, LavieCarl J, O'KeefeJames H

Hypertension Treatment
Electrolyte Abnormalities

Chlorthalidone and indapamide are thiazide-like diuretics that are used to treat hypertension. Hydrochlorothiazide is another thiazide diuretic that is often prescribed, but it has not been shown to be as effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the evidence for using chlorthalidone and indapamide as first-line thiazide-like diuretics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Persistence and adherence to antihypertensive treatment in relation to initial prescription: diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs.

Author: TrimarcoValentina, de SimoneGiovanni, IzzoRaffaele, De LucaNicola, GiudiceRenata, MarinoMarina, DamianoSilvia, RozzaFrancesco, TrimarcoBruno, Di RenzoGianfranco

Hypertension Treatment
Metabolic Alterations

Thiazide diuretics are widely considered as first-line treatment for hypertension due to their efficacy and low cost. However, thiazides can cause metabolic alterations, and other side effects that reduce compliance and persistence on treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

[Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Efficacy, safety and tolerability].

Author: DüsingR

Hypertension treatment
Side effects

This study reviewed the evidence for the superiority of thiazide-like diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone, over thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

19.

Newer renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker combinations: is there an advantage?

Author: LazichIvana, BakrisGeorge L

Blood pressure control

New and more effective approaches to managing blood pressure are needed. One approach is to use drug combinations that act on complementary biological pathways. This review focuses on recent data supporting newer combinations involving inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with other drug classes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

[Why do good drugs disappear?].

Author: BrezisMayer, TomerRon, KlangSamuel, HammermanAriel

Drug unavailability

This article discusses the disappearance of old drugs from the market due to market failures and failures in production and regulatory processes. Switching to newer agents increases costs and is often associated with relative uncertainty about safety and efficacy. System revisions are needed to allow continued availability of old, safe and effective drugs.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Hebrew

21.

Spironolactone and chlorthalidone in uncontrolled elderly hypertensive patients treated with calcium antagonists and angiotensin II receptor-blocker: effects on endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Author: YamanariHiroshi, NakamuraKazufumi, MiuraDaiji, YamanariShuichi, OheTohru

Blood pressure reduction
Endothelial function preservation
Metabolic abnormality
Oxidative stress

Spironolactone may be a more useful add-on therapy than chlorthalidone in hypertensive patients inadequately controlled on candesartan and amlodipine. Spironolactone preserves endothelial function and reduces inflammation compared to chlorthalidone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Differential effects of chlorthalidone versus spironolactone on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in hypertensive patients.

Author: MenonDileep V, ArbiqueDebbie, WangZhongyun, Adams-HuetBeverley, AuchusRichard J, VongpatanasinWanpen

Reduced blood pressure
Increased sympathetic activity
Insulin resistance

Chlorthalidone, the first-line drug therapy for hypertension, causes persistent activation of sympathetic nervous system and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients. These side effects, however, are avoided by spironolactone despite similar reduction in BP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension: an update.

Author: SalvettiAntonio, GhiadoniLorenzo

Reduced cardiovascular morbidity
Reduced cardiovascular mortality
Glucose and lipid profile alterations
Hypokalemia
Increased diabetes risk

Thiazide diuretics were the first effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive drugs. While still considered a cornerstone of hypertension treatment, several considerations are important. While chlorthalidone may offer additional benefits, the overall effect of thiazide diuretics appears to be class-specific. Optimal doses are essential to balance effectiveness and side effects, including glucose and lipid profile alterations and hypokalemia. Thiazides can increase new-onset diabetes risk, especially when combined with beta-blockers. Therefore, thiazides should be used cautiously in high-risk individuals, at the lowest effective dose, and potentially combined with renin-angiotensin system blockers. While the Seventh Joint National Committee Report suggests thiazides as the first-choice drug for most hypertensive patients, the European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology Guidelines include them among other suitable classes for initiating and maintaining treatment. This discrepancy stems from differing interpretations of clinical trial data and cost-benefit analyses. However, given the lack of evidence supporting one specific class as superior, thiazides should not be solely considered as the first-choice drug, but included among first-line options.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

An economic evaluation of the 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of mild-to-moderate hypertension in Greece.

Author: StafilasPanagiotis C, SarafidisPanteleimon A, LasaridisAnastasios N, AletrasVassilios H, NiakasDimitris A

Hypertension treatment cost-effectiveness

This study compared the cost-effectiveness of different antihypertensive agents in the management of mild-to-moderate hypertension in Greece, following the 2003 ESH-ESC guidelines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

The 45-year story of the development of an anti-aldosterone more specific than spironolactone.

Author: MénardJoël

Blood pressure control
Heart failure treatment
Reduced side effects
Sexual side effects

This study reviews the development of eplerenone, a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

Historical ArticleA research paper that analyzes past events and developments using primary sources and examines them from a historical perspective.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

28.

Diuretics: drugs of choice for the initial management of patients with hypertension.

Author: FuchsFlávio D

Easy administration
Few side effects
Low cost
Prevention of cardiovascular events
Metabolic effects

The study discusses the importance of diuretics as first-line treatment for hypertension, citing the findings of the ALLHAT trial, which showed that diuretics are equivalent to other antihypertensive drugs in preventing heart attacks and have advantages in preventing other complications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

29.

Effects of four antihypertensive monotherapies on cardiac mass and function in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: randomized prospective study.

Author: RakićDrago, RumboldtZvonko, BagatinJugoslav, PolićStojan

Improved diastolic function
Reduced LV hypertrophy

Four antihypertensive medications (indapamide, nicardipine, propranolol, and chlorthalidone) were equally effective in controlling hypertension and reducing left ventricular hypertrophy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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