Side Effects of cimetidine: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Cimetidine, a medication commonly used to treat ulcers, has been found to cause various side effects. Several studies have highlighted these side effects, suggesting that its impact extends beyond its intended function.

Reasons for Side Effects

Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, works by blocking the receptors responsible for stomach acid production. However, it has been discovered to interact with other enzymes and receptors within the body, leading to side effects beyond its intended purpose.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Cimetidine may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as constipation, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. These side effects have been observed in multiple studies. 4

Nervous System

Cimetidine can impact the nervous system, causing side effects like dizziness, headaches, drowsiness, and altered consciousness. These effects have been documented in various research findings. 2 11

Hematologic

Cimetidine has been associated with hematologic side effects, including leukopenia (low white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and anemia (low red blood cell count). 13 8

Endocrine

Cimetidine can lead to endocrine side effects. A notable effect in men is gynecomastia, characterized by breast enlargement. 10

Liver

Cimetidine can have an impact on the liver, causing liver dysfunction and jaundice. 3

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Managing gastrointestinal side effects often involves dietary adjustments and lifestyle modifications. 4

Nervous System

Reducing the dosage of cimetidine or altering the time of administration may help mitigate nervous system side effects. 2 11

Hematologic

Regular blood tests are recommended to monitor for hematologic side effects. Discontinuation of cimetidine might be necessary in some cases. 13 8

Endocrine

In cases of endocrine side effects, discontinuation of cimetidine may be required. 10

Liver

Regular liver function tests are essential to monitor for liver-related side effects. In severe cases, cimetidine administration may need to be stopped. 3

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities of the Studies

The research findings consistently indicate that cimetidine has the potential to cause various side effects. 2 11 13 8 10 3 4

Differences in the Studies

The research suggests that the types and severity of cimetidine side effects can vary between individuals. 2 11 13 8 10 3 4

Notes on Application to Real Life

Cimetidine, while commonly used for ulcer treatment, can cause various side effects. It is essential to consult a doctor before taking cimetidine and fully understand the potential risks associated with it. 2 11 13 8 10 3 4

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of cimetidine is still ongoing. More studies, especially those investigating long-term side effects, are needed. 2 11 13 8 10 3 4

Future Directions for Research

Further research into the side effects of cimetidine is crucial, especially focusing on long-term effects and strategies for mitigating these effects. 2 11 13 8 10 3 4

Conclusion

Cimetidine is a widely used ulcer medication, but it can cause various side effects. Consult your doctor before taking cimetidine and ensure you understand the potential risks involved. 2 11 13 8 10 3 4

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
7
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
5
Article Type
2
0
0
8
14
2.

Comparative effects of H2-receptor antagonists on subjective and objective assessments of sleep.

Author: OrrW C, DukeJ C, ImesN K, MellowM H

Drowsiness
Insomnia
Somnolence

Cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine, three H2-receptor antagonists, showed different effects on nocturnal and daytime sleepiness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Cimetidine for erythropoietic protoporphyria.

Author: HeerfordtIda M, LercheCatharina M, WulfHans Christian

EPP treatment

This study presents cases with EPP treated with cimetidine and a literature review. Cimetidine might be a treatment option for EPP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Measurement and estimation of GFR in children and adolescents.

Author: SchwartzGeorge J, WorkDana F

Renal function assessment

This review discusses the importance of accurately measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children and adolescents. While iohexol plasma disappearance offers the best combination of safety, accuracy, and reproducibility, ongoing efforts are being made to improve GFR estimating equations for children.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Randomized crossover study comparing the phosphate-binding efficacy of calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium carbonate in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Author: BroS, RasmussenR A, HandbergJ, OlgaardK, Feldt-RasmussenB

Effective phosphate binding
Reduced aluminum requirement
Gastrointestinal intolerance
High cost

Calcium ketoglutarate was found to be an effective and safe alternative to aluminum-containing phosphate binders in patients on hemodialysis who are intolerant to calcium carbonate or acetate due to hypercalcemia. However, it was associated with intolerance in 29% of patients, particularly those with pre-existing gastrointestinal symptoms, and was 10 times more expensive than calcium carbonate.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Nonhormonal drugs and cancer.

Author: StolleyP D, ZahmS H

Drug-induced cancer

The study discusses the role of nonhormonal drugs in human cancer, focusing on drug-induced cancer. Antineoplastics and radiopharmaceuticals are the primary culprits. Other drugs under suspicion include clofibrate and cimetidine. Some drugs, like amitriptyline and fluoxetine, may promote tumor growth. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may offer protection against colorectal cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

[Gastroprotection in cancer patients: rational approach, pharmacologic role of antisecretory agents and eventual ulterior prospectives in oncology].

Author: MustacchiG, CeccheriniR

Gastroprotection
Gastrotoxicity

Misoprostole is a more effective gastroprotective agent than ranitidine in preventing both gastric and duodenal ulcers in cancer patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

10.

Drug-induced gynecomastia.

Author: BowmanJohn D, KimHyunah, BustamanteJuan J

Gynecomastia

Drugs account for about 20% of gynecomastia cases in men. This study reviews the literature on drug-induced gynecomastia and provides another perspective by reviewing data from the United States Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Midazolam: a review of therapeutic uses and toxicity.

Author: NordtS P, ClarkR F

sedation
seizure treatment
cardiac arrest
respiratory depression

Midazolam, a benzodiazepine, is a safe and effective agent for sedation in the emergency department. It has a rapid onset of action and can be administered via various routes. Potential adverse effects include respiratory depression, particularly when used with opioids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

[A phase II clinical study of China-made paclitaxel in the treatment of cancer patients].

Author: WuH, GuanZ, LinT

Effective cancer treatment
Side effects

Paclitaxel is effective with tolerable side effects for treating advanced malignancies. The overall response rate was 46.7% for ovarian cancer, 56.4% for breast cancer, 25.0% for non-small-cell lung cancer, 66.7% for small-cell lung cancer, and 41.7% for nasopharyngeal cancer.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : Chinese

14.

Safety assessment of potentially inappropriate medications use in older people and the factors associated with hospital admission.

Author: VaralloFabiana Rossi, CapuchoHelaine Carneiro, PlanetaCleópatra Silva, MastroianniPatrícia de Carvalho

Drug-related hospitalization

This study found that 19.1% of elderly patients had taken potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) before being admitted to the hospital. However, PIM use was not a risk factor for adverse drug reaction (ADR)-related hospital admission. Only polypharmacy was detected as a risk factor for the occurrence of ADR of PIM.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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