Side Effects of crizotinib: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Crizotinib, an ALK inhibitor, has been shown to be an effective treatment for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, especially in patients who have not responded to other treatments. 26 , 6 , 9 , 7 . However, crizotinib is not without its side effects, and some can be serious. 4 , 3 . These side effects can range from mild to severe, and can even be fatal. 3 , 27 . It is important to understand the potential side effects of crizotinib and to discuss them with your doctor.

Reasons for side effects

Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets ALK, MET, and ROS1, and potentially other tyrosine kinases. 26 . Crizotinib may affect renal function, although the mechanism of this effect is not fully understood. 11 . It is believed that crizotinib may bind to other proteins besides ALK, leading to the side effects observed. 26 .

Common side effects

Gastrointestinal

Common side effects of crizotinib include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. 26 , 16 , 3 . These side effects are usually mild to moderate and can be managed with dietary changes or medications. 17 . However, severe gastrointestinal events have been reported, and patients should be monitored for these.

Liver

Crizotinib can cause an increase in liver enzymes, which may indicate liver damage. 26 , 16 , 3 . This is a common side effect that is usually mild to moderate, but it can be serious in some cases. 27 . Patients should be monitored for liver problems.

Kidney

Crizotinib can cause kidney problems, such as renal polycystosis and decreased kidney function. 19 , 14 . This side effect is usually mild to moderate, but it can be serious in some cases. 19 , 14 . Patients should be monitored for kidney problems.

Eye

Crizotinib can cause vision problems, such as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). 16 , 21 . This side effect is rare but can be serious. Patients should be monitored for vision problems, and ophthalmologists should be consulted if necessary.

Heart

Crizotinib can cause an increased QT interval on an electrocardiogram, which can increase the risk of heart rhythm problems. 26 , 3 , 12 . Patients should be monitored for heart rhythm problems, and an electrocardiogram should be performed before starting treatment with crizotinib.

Nervous System

Crizotinib can cause nervous system side effects, such as fatigue, asthenia, and anorexia. 26 , 16 . Crizotinib has also been associated with a rapid onset of hypogonadism in men with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. 5 . Patients should be monitored for these side effects.

Other

Crizotinib can cause other side effects such as edema and pneumonitis, but these are less common. 26 , 16 .

Measures for side effects

Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal side effects can often be managed with dietary changes, such as eating small, frequent meals and avoiding spicy or fatty foods. 17 . Anti-nausea and anti-diarrheal medications may also be helpful. 17 . If these measures are not effective, the dose of crizotinib may need to be adjusted or the medication may need to be stopped temporarily.

Liver

Patients taking crizotinib should have regular liver function tests to monitor for liver damage. 17 . If liver enzyme levels are elevated, the dose of crizotinib may need to be adjusted or the medication may need to be stopped temporarily. 17 . In some cases, treatment may need to be discontinued permanently.

Kidney

Patients taking crizotinib should have regular kidney function tests to monitor for kidney problems. 19 . If kidney problems develop, the dose of crizotinib may need to be adjusted or the medication may need to be stopped temporarily. 19 . In some cases, treatment may need to be discontinued permanently.

Eye

Patients taking crizotinib should be monitored for vision problems. 21 . If vision problems develop, an ophthalmologist should be consulted.

Heart

Patients taking crizotinib should have regular electrocardiograms to monitor for QT interval prolongation. 17 . If QT interval prolongation occurs, the dose of crizotinib may need to be adjusted or the medication may need to be stopped temporarily. 17 . In some cases, treatment may need to be discontinued permanently.

Nervous system

Patients taking crizotinib should be monitored for nervous system side effects such as fatigue, asthenia, and anorexia. If these problems are severe, the dose of crizotinib may need to be adjusted or the medication may need to be stopped temporarily. 5 .

Comparison between studies

Commonalities among studies

Studies have consistently shown that crizotinib can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal problems, liver problems, and kidney problems. 26 , 17 , 19 . Crizotinib has also been associated with vision problems and heart rhythm problems. 16 , 21 , 26 .

Differences among studies

The frequency and severity of side effects can vary between studies, likely due to differences in the patient populations, dosing, and methods of reporting side effects. 26 . Some studies have focused on specific side effects, such as renal polycystosis or hypogonadism. 19 , 5 . This highlights the need for more research to fully understand the side effects of crizotinib and how they can be managed.

Points to note regarding application in real life

It is important to be aware of the potential side effects of crizotinib and to discuss them with your doctor before starting treatment. 26 , 20 . Your doctor can help you weigh the benefits and risks of treatment and determine if crizotinib is the right option for you. 20 . Patients taking crizotinib should be closely monitored for side effects. 3 . If you experience any side effects, be sure to talk to your doctor right away.

Limitations of current research

More research is needed to fully understand the long-term side effects of crizotinib and how they can be managed. 26 . There is also a need for more research on how to prevent or reduce the severity of side effects. 26 .

Future directions for research needed

Future research should focus on the long-term side effects of crizotinib, as well as on the development of biomarkers that can predict which patients are at higher risk for side effects. 26 . Researchers should also explore new ways to prevent or reduce the severity of side effects, such as the development of novel ALK inhibitors with improved safety profiles. 15 .

Conclusion

Crizotinib is an effective treatment for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, but it can cause side effects. 26 . It is important to understand the potential risks and benefits of crizotinib and to discuss them with your doctor. 26 . Your doctor can help you decide if crizotinib is the right treatment for you. 20 .

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Cardiovascular benefits
1
Cardiovascular treatment
Inflammation treatment
2
Improved side effect profile
Targeted therapy
3
ALK inhibition
Effective in NSCLC
6
ALK-rearranged NSCLC treatment
8
Efficacious
Well tolerated
9
Brain-penetrant
Treats ALK-positive lung cancer
10
Not applicable
11
ALK positive NSCLC treatment
12
Clinical response to crizotinib
13
NSCLC treatment
14
Cancer treatment
Crizotinib side effects
15
ALK-positive lung cancer treatment
16
ALK-rearranged lung cancer treatment
17
Tumor shrinkage
18
Regressed polycystosis
19
ALK inhibition
Improved survival for NSCLC patients
20
Targeted therapies
21
Improved non-small-cell lung cancer outcomes
23
Cancer cell suppression
Drug screening
24
Crizotinib for NSCLC
Erlotinib for NSCLC
Gefitinib for NSCLC
Pemetrexed for NSCLC
Thymosin α1 for NSCLC
V1801 for NSCLC
25
Treats ALK-rearranged NSCLC
26
ALK-rearranged NSCLC treatment
27
Risk Keywords
GI events
Myalgia
1
Myelosuppression
2
Liver dysfunction
Nausea
Neutropenia
QT prolongation
3
Elevated liver enzymes
Interstitial lung disease
4
Testosterone suppression
5
Aggressive Course
Metastasis
Poor Prognosis
Recurrence
7
Side effects
8
CNS effects
Edema
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Peripheral neuropathy
10
Nephrotoxicity
11
Sick sinus syndrome
12
Kidney failure
Peripheral edema
Renal cysts
14
None mentioned
15
Central retinal artery occlusion
Edema
Elevated liver enzymes
Fatigue
Gastrointestinal events
Pleural effusion
Pneumonitis
Visual disorders
16
Cardiac effects
Elevated transaminases
Hypogonadism
Visual disturbances
17
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
18
Renal polycystosis
19
Adverse drug reactions
20
Ocular side-effects
21
Anaphylactic reactions
Gastrointestinal complications
Heart failure
Neurological complications
Pulmonary complications
Severe hypertension
Skin reactions
22
Nausea and vomiting
Visual disturbances
23
Hepatocyte damage
24
Edema
Fatigue
Gastrointestinal problems
Liver enzyme elevation
Pneumonitis
Visual disorders
26
Acute pancreatitis
Hepatotoxicity
Hypertriglyceridemia
Pulmonary toxicity
27
Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
6
Article Type
1
2
2
9
26
2.

Examining the Characteristics of Colchicine-Induced Myelosuppression in Clinical Cases: A Systematic Review.

Author: SimBernice L, SimBeatrice Z, TunbridgeMatthew, LiewDavid F L, RobinsonPhilip C

Cardiovascular treatment
Inflammation treatment
Myelosuppression

Colchicine, a drug used for various conditions, can cause myelosuppression, necessitating careful monitoring of blood cell counts in patients receiving colchicine.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Adverse Side Effects of Crizotinib in the Treatment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Author: GeorgeSherie, ShahiSrushti R, AliZahra, AbazaAbdelrahman, JamilAneeque, GutlapalliSai Dheeraj, AliMarya, ObleMrinal J P, SoniaShamsun Nahar, HamidPousette

Improved side effect profile
Targeted therapy
Liver dysfunction
Nausea
Neutropenia
QT prolongation

Crizotinib is an ALK inhibitor used to treat ALK-mutated advanced NSCLC. While it has a better side effect profile than chemotherapy, it can still cause side effects such as liver dysfunction, nausea, neutropenia, and QT prolongation. These side effects can lead to treatment discontinuation or dose reduction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Exploration of germline variants responsible for adverse events of crizotinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer by target-gene panel sequencing.

Author: MizugakiHidenori, HamadaAkinobu, ShibataTatsuhiro, HosodaFumie, NakamuraHiromi, OkumaYusuke, ShukuyaTakehito, UmemuraShigeki, HoriikeAtsushi, FukuiTomoya, KogureYoshihito, DagaHaruko, UrataYoshiko, YamadaKazuhiko, SaekiSho, FujisakaYasuhito, NakamuraYukiko, SatoMitsuo, YoshidaTatsuya, HottaTakamasa, OizumiSatoshi, FujiwaraYasuhiro, OheYuichiro, FujiwaraYutaka

Elevated liver enzymes
Interstitial lung disease

This study evaluated the relationship between clinically significant crizotinib-associated adverse events and germline variations in patients with ALK- or ROS1-fusion-gene-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Rapid-onset hypogonadism secondary to crizotinib use in men with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Author: WeickhardtAndrew J, RothmanMicol S, Salian-MehtaSmita, Kiseljak-VassiliadesKatja, OtonAna B, DoebeleRobert C, WiermanMargaret E, CamidgeD Ross

Testosterone suppression

Crizotinib therapy caused rapid suppression of T levels in men. The current results indicated that the site of action must include a central (hypothalamic or pituitary) effect, but additional direct testicular effects could not be excluded.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

A safety assessment of crizotinib in the treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC patients.

Author: DikopfAlana, WoodKevin, SalgiaRavi

ALK inhibition
Effective in NSCLC

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has advanced with the discovery of oncogenic driver mutations and targeted therapies. Crizotinib, an inhibitor of ALK, MET, and ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinases, is approved for ALK inhibition. It is effective in NSCLC harboring ALK translocations, leading to overexpression of oncogenic ALK fusion proteins.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

A primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the lumbosacral region harboring a LMNA-NTRK1 gene fusion with durable clinical response to crizotinib: a case report.

Author: ZhouNing, SchäferReinhold, LiTao, FangMeiyu, LiuLuying

Aggressive Course
Metastasis
Poor Prognosis
Recurrence

High-grade spindle cell sarcomas are a rare type of cancer that is difficult to diagnose. These cancers are very aggressive and have a poor prognosis. More research is needed to understand how to treat them effectively.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Efficacy and safety of ceritinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: TianWei, ZhangPing, YuanYuan, DengXiao-Hui, YueRui, GeXiao-Zhu

ALK-rearranged NSCLC treatment
Side effects

Ceritinib, a second-generation ALK inhibitor, is effective in crizotinib-resistant patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC, especially those with brain metastasis. However, it is associated with side effects that must be carefully monitored.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Post-crizotinib management of effective ceritinib therapy in a patient with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Author: WonBrian, MambetsarievIsa, SalgiaRavi

Efficacious
Well tolerated

Ceritinib 450 mg/day taken with food was effective and well tolerated in a patient with ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma who had previously discontinued crizotinib due to disease progression and gastrointestinal intolerance.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Clinical Management of Adverse Events Associated with Lorlatinib.

Author: BauerTodd M, FelipEnriqueta, SolomonBenjamin J, ThurmHolger, PeltzGerson, ChiodaMarc D, ShawAlice T

Brain-penetrant
Treats ALK-positive lung cancer
CNS effects
Edema
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Peripheral neuropathy

Lorlatinib, a novel ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows broad-spectrum potency against ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. This article provides recommendations for managing key adverse reactions associated with lorlatinib, including hyperlipidemia, central nervous system effects, weight increase, edema, peripheral neuropathy, and gastrointestinal effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Effects of crizotinib on creatinine clearance and renal hemodynamics.

Author: Meijer-SchaapLysbert, Van PuttenJohn W G, JanssenWilbert M T

Not applicable
Nephrotoxicity

Crizotinib treatment may increase glomerular pressure, potentially increasing the risk of long-term nephrotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer.

Author: ShawAlice T, KimDong-Wan, NakagawaKazuhiko, SetoTakashi, CrinóLucio, AhnMyung-Ju, De PasTommaso, BesseBenjamin, SolomonBenjamin J, BlackhallFiona, WuYi-Long, ThomasMichael, O'ByrneKenneth J, Moro-SibilotDenis, CamidgeD Ross, MokTony, HirshVera, RielyGregory J, IyerShrividya, TassellVanessa, PolliAnna, WilnerKeith D, JännePasi A

Clinical response to crizotinib

This study investigates whether crizotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK, is superior to standard chemotherapy in patients with ALK rearrangements.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors and their effect on the kidney.

Author: BonillaMarco, JhaveriKenar D, IzzedineHassan

NSCLC treatment
Kidney failure
Peripheral edema
Renal cysts

This review provides an update on the kidney-related side effects of ALK inhibitors, such as crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib, used for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ALK gene rearrangement. Treatment with ALK inhibitors may lead to peripheral edema, electrolyte disorders, kidney failure, proteinuria, and an increased risk of renal cysts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Central retinal artery occlusion, an early sign of crizotinib resistance in an alk positive adenocarcinoma of lung: A rare case report.

Author: MadabhaviIrappa, PatelApurva, AnandAsha, PanchalHarsha, ParikhSonia

ALK-positive lung cancer treatment
Central retinal artery occlusion
Edema
Elevated liver enzymes
Fatigue
Gastrointestinal events
Pleural effusion
Pneumonitis
Visual disorders

This case report describes a patient with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer who developed central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after 9 months of crizotinib treatment. The authors suggest that CRAO might be a sign of early crizotinib resistance.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

[ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: how to optimize treatment with crizotinib in routine practice?].

Author: Audigier-ValetteClarisse, GirardNicolas, CortotAlexis B, MennecierBertrand, DebieuvreDidier, PlanchardDavid, ZalcmanGérard, Moro-SibilotDenis, CadranelJacques, BarlesiFabrice

ALK-rearranged lung cancer treatment
Cardiac effects
Elevated transaminases
Hypogonadism
Visual disturbances

Crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used for ALK-rearranged lung cancer. This review provides practical guidelines to optimize crizotinib tolerability, focusing on managing visual disturbances, cardiac effects, liver issues, and hypogonadism.

Consensus Development ConferenceA conference organized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop consensus and recommendations on medical issues.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

18.

Lorlatinib in previously treated anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: Japanese subgroup analysis of a global study.

Author: SetoTakashi, HayashiHidetoshi, SatouchiMiyako, GotoYasushi, NihoSeiji, NogamiNaoyuki, HidaToyoaki, TakahashiToshiaki, Sakakibara-KonishiJun, MoriseMasahiro, NagasawaTakashi, SuzukiMie, OhkuraMasayuki, FukuharaKei, ThurmHolger, PeltzGerson, NishioMakoto

Tumor shrinkage
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia

This study investigated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of lorlatinib, a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in Japanese patients with ALK-rearranged/ROS1-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lorlatinib showed clinically meaningful responses, including intracranial responses, and was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Widespread renal polycystosis induced by crizotinib.

Author: Di GirolamoMarco, ParisIda, CarbonettiFrancesco, OnestiElisa Concetta, SocciarelliFabio, MarchettiPaolo

Regressed polycystosis
Renal polycystosis

Crizotinib, a drug used to treat ALK-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma, was found to cause diffuse and aggressive renal polycystosis in one patient. This side effect regressed after treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Expert consensus of management of adverse drug reactions with anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Author: ZhouF, YangY, ZhangL, ChengY, HanB, LuY, WangC, WangZ, YangN, FanY, WangL, MaZ, YaoY, ZhaoJ, DongX, ZhuB, ZhouC

ALK inhibition
Improved survival for NSCLC patients
Adverse drug reactions

ALK rearrangements are found in about 3%-6% of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) are effective in treating these patients but can cause a range of side effects. This article summarizes the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by ALK-TKIs in China.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

The ophthalmological complications of targeted agents in cancer therapy: what do we need to know as ophthalmologists?

Author: HoWing L, WongHilda, YauThomas

Targeted therapies
Ocular side-effects

This review examines the ocular side-effects of commonly used targeted agents in cancer patients. The review found that various targeted agents are associated with ocular side-effects, and ophthalmologists should be aware of these potential complications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Management of Acute Complications of Targeted Therapy in Patients With Cancer: A Review of Cases Managed in ICU.

Author: PistoneAureliano, DurieuxValérie, GrigoriuBogdan, MeertAnne-Pascale

Anaphylactic reactions
Gastrointestinal complications
Heart failure
Neurological complications
Pulmonary complications
Severe hypertension
Skin reactions

The main cardiovascular side effects of targeted therapies requiring ICU admission include heart failure, severe hypertension, thrombotic and ischemic events, and rhythm disturbances.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

Systematically studying kinase inhibitor induced signaling network signatures by integrating both therapeutic and side effects.

Author: ShaoHongwei, PengTao, JiZhiwei, SuJing, ZhouXiaobo

Cancer cell suppression
Drug screening
Hepatocyte damage

This study presents a novel strategy for investigating kinase inhibitor-induced pathway signatures by integrating multiple data sources from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS). This approach can be used to predict drug efficacy and identify potential side effects before clinical trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

25.

Lung cancer chemotherapy, new treatment and related patents.

Author: CheepsattayakornAttapon, CheepsattayakornRuangrong

Crizotinib for NSCLC
Erlotinib for NSCLC
Gefitinib for NSCLC
Pemetrexed for NSCLC
Thymosin α1 for NSCLC
V1801 for NSCLC

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. This review discusses the current and emerging therapies for non-small cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, including targeted therapies and new chemotherapeutics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

Crizotinib: a drug that crystallizes a unique molecular subset of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Author: OuSai-Hong Ignatius

Treats ALK-rearranged NSCLC
Edema
Fatigue
Gastrointestinal problems
Liver enzyme elevation
Pneumonitis
Visual disorders

This article discusses crizotinib, an oral small-molecule RTK inhibitor, approved for treating ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It highlights the drug's efficacy, side effects, and ongoing confirmatory trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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