Side Effects of dabrafenib: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Dabrafenib is an orally administered targeted kinase inhibitor used to treat hematological diseases such as hairy cell leukemia, Erdheim-Chester disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 9

Dabrafenib can cause skin side effects, such as rash, when used to treat low-grade gliomas. 8

The combination of dabrafenib and trametinib may cause uveitis, which can lead to retinal edema and macular edema. 5

Dabrafenib may protect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage. 4

Dabrafenib and trametinib, when used to treat melanoma, can worsen autoimmune diseases such as uveitis and multiple sclerosis. 6

Dabrafenib and trametinib can cause ocular side effects, and patients taking encorafenib have a shorter time to any ophthalmic adverse event and are the only ones to experience documented dry eye syndrome (DES). 12

Combination treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors favorably impacts progression-free survival in malignant melanoma. However, it may cause paradoxical activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in immune cells without BRAF mutation, which may lead to over activation of the immune system, especially in patients with pre-existing autoimmune conditions. In this case report, treatment of malignant melanoma with BRAF/MEK inhibitors was associated with radiological disease exacerbation of pre-existing multiple sclerosis (MS). 2

Reasons for Side Effects

Dabrafenib is a drug that inhibits BRAF kinase, thereby suppressing the growth of cancer cells. However, BRAF kinase exists not only in cancer cells but also in normal cells. Therefore, dabrafenib can affect normal cells and cause side effects. 9

Common Side Effects

Skin

Dabrafenib has been reported to cause skin problems such as rash, eczema, and dry skin. 8

Eye

Dabrafenib has been reported to cause eye problems such as uveitis, retinal edema, macular edema, and dry eye. 15 13 5 14 12

Nervous

Dabrafenib has been reported to cause neurological problems such as multiple sclerosis. 6 3

Kidney

Dabrafenib may protect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage. 4

Immune

Dabrafenib has been reported to worsen autoimmune diseases. 6 2

Side Effects Management

Skin

If skin side effects occur, medications such as steroid ointment can be applied to alleviate symptoms. 8

Eye

If eye side effects occur, medications such as steroid eye drops can be administered to alleviate symptoms. 12

Nervous

If nervous side effects occur, medications such as steroids can be administered to alleviate symptoms. 3

Immune

If autoimmune diseases worsen, medications such as immunosuppressants can be administered to alleviate symptoms. 6

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have confirmed that dabrafenib has an effect on suppressing the growth of cancer cells. 9 4 6 2

Differences

The side effects of dabrafenib have yielded different results depending on the study. 8 5 15 13 14 12 3 2

Precautions for Real-Life Applications

Dabrafenib is a drug used to treat cancer and has a risk of side effects. Therefore, when taking dabrafenib, follow your doctor's instructions and consult your doctor immediately if any side effects occur. 9

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of dabrafenib is still insufficient. Therefore, the long-term effects of dabrafenib and not all side effects are known. 8 15 13 5 4 6 14 12 3 2

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects of dabrafenib and all side effects. Research should also be conducted on how to reduce the side effects of dabrafenib. 8 15 13 5 4 6 14 12 3 2

Conclusion

Dabrafenib is an effective drug for the treatment of cancer, but it has a risk of side effects. When taking dabrafenib, follow your doctor's instructions and consult your doctor immediately if any side effects occur. 9

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
0
0
2
12
1.

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine versus etretinate in psoriasis: improvement of skin, nail, and joint involvement.

Author: MahrleG, SchulzeH J, FärberL, WeidingerG, SteiglederG K

Nail and joint improvement
Psoriasis treatment
Cyclosporine side effects
Relapse risk

Low-dose short-term cyclosporine therapy was highly effective and well tolerated for psoriasis, compared to etretinate. Remission was better preserved by tapering the drug than by discontinuing treatment abruptly.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy during dabrafenib and trametinib treatment for metastatic melanoma: A case report.

Author: VenturelliMarta, GrecoStefano, BaldessariCinzia, PuglieseGiuseppe, DepenniRoberta, DominiciMassimo

Melanoma treatment
Polyradiculopathy

This article focuses on the neurological toxicities associated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, used to treat melanoma patients with BRAF V600E mutation. While these therapies are generally well-tolerated, polyradiculopathy, a rare neurological toxicity, has been reported in recent years.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Repurposing AZD5438 and Dabrafenib for Cisplatin-Induced AKI.

Author: PushpanChithra K, KresockDaniel F, IngersollMatthew A, LutzeRichard D, KeirnsDarby L, HunterWilliam J, BashirKhalid, TeitzTal

AKI treatment
Hearing loss treatment

This study investigates whether two anticancer drugs, AZD5438 and dabrafenib, can alleviate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA DISEASE-LIKE UVEITIS IN A PATIENT WITH ADVANCED MELANOMA TREATED BY SEQUENTIAL ADMINISTRATION OF NIVOLUMAB AND DABRAFENIB/TRAMETINIB THERAPY.

Author: MadoeAline, SchauwvlieghePieter-Paul, JacobJulie

VKH-like uveitis

This case report describes a patient who developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)-like uveitis during treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib and after discontinuing nivolumab for melanoma. The report discusses the potential synergistic role of MAPK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the development of VKH-like uveitis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Targeting the BRAF pathway in haematological diseases.

Author: ReesMatthew J, DickinsonMichael, PatersonJames, NgTeng F, GriggAndrew, MooreJohn, BlomberyPiers, SeymourJohn F

Erdheim-Chester disease treatment
Hairy cell leukemia treatment
Langerhans cell histiocytosis treatment
Side effects

This review examines the Australian experience of BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy in patients with hairy cell leukaemia, Erdheim-Chester disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Options of Therapeutics and Novel Delivery Systems of Drugs for the Treatment of Melanoma.

Author: WangHongbin, TranTuan T, DuongKatherine T, NguyenTrieu, LeUyen M

Melanoma treatment
Side effects

Melanoma treatment using FDA-approved drugs has limitations due to side effects and patient non-compliance. Novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, have been developed to improve drug delivery, targeting, and bioavailability, potentially reducing toxicity and enhancing treatment effectiveness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Choroidal thickening with serous retinal detachment in BRAF/MEK inhibitor-induced uveitis: A case report.

Author: KiralyPeter, GroznikAlenka Lavrič, ValentinčičNataša Vidovič, MekjavićPolona Jaki, UrbančičMojca, OcvirkJanja, MestiTanja

Melanoma treatment
Panuveitis
Retinal detachment
Thickened choroid

A case report describes a patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma who experienced bilateral panuveitis, a rare and vision-threatening ocular adverse effect associated with dabrafenib and trametinib targeted therapy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

15.

[Ocular toxicity of targeted therapies with MEK inhibitors and BRAF inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma].

Author: FauviauxE, PromelleV, BoucennaV, JanyB, ErreraM H, DelbarreM, BoucennaW

Improved survival rate
Ocular toxicity

This study assessed the incidence, clinical features, and management of ocular complications caused by MEK inhibitors and BRAF inhibitors used for treating metastatic melanoma. While these targeted therapies improve survival rates, they can lead to ocular toxicity. Understanding the potential risks and appropriate management strategies is crucial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : French

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