Side Effects of diphenoxylate: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of diphenoxylate: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Diphenoxylate is a medication commonly used to treat diarrhea. Several studies have shown that diphenoxylate effectively relieves diarrhea symptoms. 10 , 15 , 9 , 12 . However, some studies have also reported side effects associated with diphenoxylate. 6 , 1 , 16 , 11 , 2 . These findings suggest that while diphenoxylate is an effective medication for diarrhea, it is important to consider the potential side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

Diphenoxylate belongs to the opioid class of drugs. Opioids have the effect of slowing down bowel movements. This action helps to improve diarrhea symptoms. However, opioids also relax the muscles in the digestive system. This action can lead to side effects such as constipation, indigestion, and nausea.

Common Side Effects

Constipation

Diphenoxylate can cause constipation because it slows down bowel movements. 21 , 20 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe constipation.

Indigestion

Diphenoxylate can cause indigestion because it relaxes the muscles in the digestive system. 21 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe indigestion.

Nausea

Diphenoxylate can cause nausea. 14 , 8 , 19 , 17 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe nausea.

Vomiting

Diphenoxylate can cause vomiting. 14 , 8 , 19 , 17 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe vomiting.

Abdominal pain

Diphenoxylate can cause abdominal pain. 6 , 9 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe abdominal pain.

Abdominal distention

Diphenoxylate can cause abdominal distention. 6 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe abdominal distention.

Fever

Diphenoxylate can cause fever. 19 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe fever.

Dizziness

Diphenoxylate can cause dizziness. 9 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe dizziness.

Drowsiness

Diphenoxylate can cause drowsiness. 9 . Consult a doctor if you experience severe drowsiness.

Side Effect Management

Constipation

If you experience severe constipation, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as laxatives.

Indigestion

If you experience severe indigestion, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as digestive enzymes.

Nausea

If you experience severe nausea, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as anti-emetics.

Vomiting

If you experience severe vomiting, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as anti-emetics.

Abdominal pain

If you experience severe abdominal pain, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as analgesics.

Abdominal distention

If you experience severe abdominal distention, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as digestive medications.

Fever

If you experience severe fever, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments such as antipyretics.

Dizziness

If you experience severe dizziness, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments.

Drowsiness

If you experience severe drowsiness, consult a doctor. They may prescribe appropriate treatments.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Many studies have shown that diphenoxylate is effective in relieving diarrhea symptoms. However, at the same time, several studies have reported side effects associated with diphenoxylate.

Differences Among Studies

The frequency and severity of diphenoxylate side effects vary between studies. The types of side effects also vary between studies.

Considerations for Real-World Application

Diphenoxylate is an effective medication for treating diarrhea, but it also carries the risk of side effects. Consult a doctor about the risks of side effects before taking diphenoxylate. Also, if you experience any abnormalities while taking diphenoxylate, consult a doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still not enough research on the side effects of diphenoxylate. Particularly, there is very little research on the side effects of long-term diphenoxylate use. Therefore, the side effects of long-term diphenoxylate use are not yet fully understood.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed on the side effects of diphenoxylate. Research on the side effects of long-term diphenoxylate use is particularly important.

Conclusion

Diphenoxylate is an effective medication for treating diarrhea, but it is important to consider the risk of side effects. Consult a doctor about the risks of side effects before taking diphenoxylate. Also, if you experience any abnormalities while taking diphenoxylate, consult a doctor immediately.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
3
Article Type
7
1
1
2
26
1.

Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: MokhtariAkram, YipOlivia, AlainJudith, BerthelotSimon

Reduced extrapyramidal effects
None reported

Diphenhydramine, when compared to placebo, was associated with a significant reduction in extrapyramidal adverse effects in patients receiving neuroleptic medications. However, the overall quality of evidence is low, and further research is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Drug-induced pancreatitis.

Author: MalloryA, KernF

Drug-induced pancreatitis

A review of the English-language literature identified several drugs that have been associated with pancreatitis, including azathioprine, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, oestrogens, and valproic acid. Pancreatitis is a rare complication of treatment with these drugs, and the pathogenesis is usually obscure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Colestipol hydrochloride prophylaxis of diarrhea during pelvic radiotherapy.

Author: StrykerJ A, ChungC K, LayserJ D

Reduced diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Nausea
Vomiting

Colestipol hydrochloride was not effective in preventing radiation-induced diarrhea due to its side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Double-blind cross-over study comparing loperamide, codeine and diphenoxylate in the treatment of chronic diarrhea.

Author: PalmerK R, CorbettC L, HoldsworthC D

Effective diarrhea treatment
Side effects
Treatment discontinuation

Loperamide and codeine phosphate were more effective than diphenoxylate in treating chronic diarrhea.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

[Special consideration of clinical and travelling medical criteria (author's transl)].

Author: SteffenR

Fast acting
Treats diarrhea
Mild side effects
See doctor if symptoms persist

Difenoxin hydrochloride, an antidiarrheal agent, was effective in 63-75% of 259 patients with acute or chronic diarrhea. Mild side effects were seen in 4% of cases.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

11.

[Diphenoxylate poisoning].

Author: Villalobos CuevasE, Soto OviedoF, Arnaiz ToledoC, Bonavides MateosC, Flores PérezM, Figueroa TarangoA

Treats lomotil intoxication
No side effects

Lomotil intoxication in children was found to be effectively treated with naloxone chloride, resulting in rapid symptom improvement with no reported side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

13.

Loperamide: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in diarrhoea.

Author: HeelR C, BrogdenR N, SpeightT M, AveryG S

Effective for chronic diarrhea
Long duration of effect
No tolerance observed
Rapid symptom control

Loperamide, a butyramide derivative, is effective for symptomatic control of both acute and chronic diarrhea. It is more rapid and longer-lasting than diphenoxylate in acute diarrhea. Loperamide has been used for up to 3 years for chronic diarrhea without evidence of tolerance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Prostaglandin-induced diarrhoea treated with loperamide or diphenoxylate. A double-blind study.

Author: LangeA P, SecherN J, AmeryW

Effective diarrhea prevention

Loperamide was more effective than diphenoxylate and placebo in preventing diarrhea in women receiving prostaglandin for mid-trimester abortion. Both antidiarrhoeals were well-tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

[Diphenoxinhydrochloride, a new anti-diarrhea agent].

Author: SchenkerH

Diarrhea treatment

Difenoxin hydrochloride, a new antidiarrheal drug, was found to be effective in treating both acute and chronic diarrhea in more than 80% of acute cases and more than 70% of chronic cases.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

17.

Evaluation of intramuscular 15(s)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha tromethamine salt for induction of abortion, medications to attenuate side effects, and intracervical laminaria tents.

Author: GruberW, BrennerW E, StaurovskyL G, DingfelderJ R, WellsJ S

Abortion induction
Decreased body temperature
Diarrhea

15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha tromethamine was found to be effective in inducing abortion in gravidas 8 to 20 menstrual weeks' gestation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

21.

The constipating effect of diphenoxylate (Retardinr) in ulcerative colitis. A double-blind controlled trial.

Author: EngbaekJ, ErsböllJ, FaurbyV, BinderV, RiisP

Ulcerative colitis treatment
Side effects

Diphenoxylate was found to be ineffective in treating ulcerative colitis. While it reduced the frequency of bowel movements, it also caused significant side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

The efficacy of octreotide in the therapy of acute radiation-induced diarrhea: a randomized controlled study.

Author: YavuzMelek N, YavuzA Aydin, AydinFazil, CanGamze, KavgaciHalil

Radiation enteritis

Octreotide acetate, a somatostatin analog, was more effective than diphenoxylate hydrochloride plus atropine sulfate in treating acute radiation-induced diarrhea.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Octreotide therapy of large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Garcia CompeanD, Ramos JimenezJ, Guzman de la GarzaF, SaenzC, MaldonadoH, BarraganR F, MichelH

Octreotide diarrhea efficacy
Octreotide side effects

Octreotide was superior to conventional therapy in treating large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Octreotide versus loperamide in the treatment of fluorouracil-induced diarrhea: a randomized trial.

Author: CascinuS, FedeliA, FedeliS L, CatalanoG

Diarrhea treatment

Octreotide and loperamide are drugs that are used to treat diarrhea. This study found that octreotide was more effective than loperamide at treating diarrhea caused by fluorouracil, a chemotherapy drug.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

26.

Efficacy of the Natural Clay, Calcium Aluminosilicate Anti-Diarrheal, in Reducing Medullary Thyroid Cancer-Related Diarrhea and Its Effects on Quality of Life: A Pilot Study.

Author: DaduRamona, HuMimi I, CleelandCharles, BusaidyNaifa L, HabraMouhammed, WaguespackSteven G, ShermanSteven I, YingAnita, FoxPatricia, CabanillasMaria E

Improve QOL
Reduce diarrhea severity

This study explores the potential of calcium aluminosilicate antidiarrheal (CASAD) to reduce the severity of diarrhea and improve quality of life (QOL) in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)-related diarrhea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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